23 research outputs found
บทบาทของแมลงในการช่วยผสมเกสรของทุเรียนพันธุ์หมอนทอง (Durio zibethinus Murray)
No full textThesis (M.Sc., Ecology (International Program))--Prince of Songkla University, 2018The durian (Durio zibethinus, Malvaceae) cultivar 'Monthong' is
among the most tasteful cultivars and is grown widely throughout Thailand. Nocturnally-foraging insects may be supplementary pollinators to bat-pollinated plants when bats are scarce. Previous studies have stated that insects visit durian flowers, yet no studies have assessed the role of insects in 'Monthong' durian pollination success. Four pollination treatments were conducted on 19 trees from three durian orchards in southern Thailand. Stigmas were receptive by 17h00, and over 50% of 'Monthong' anthers had dehisced by 17h30. Several bee species began foraging on flowers during the late afternoon, and the giant honey bee (Apis dorsata) continued to visit throughout the night. At two weeks after pollination, average percent fruit set was highest for hand-crossed pollination (39.3%), followed by open pollination (31.1%), automatic autogamy (19.6%) and insect pollination (16.4%). The yields from insect pollination, open pollination, and automatic autogamy were not significantly different, but hand-crossed pollination was significantly greater than automatic autogamy. At four weeks after pollination, fruit set from hand-crossed pollination (13.5%) still differed significantly from automatic autogamy (2.0%), indicating that this cultivar is highly self-incompatible. Moreover, the yields of open pollination (5.5%), insect pollination (3.3%) and automatic autogamy were not significantly different, similar to the 2-week results. Insects appear to be important pollinators of 'Monthong' durian in areas where nectar bats visit infrequently. One bee species in particular, Apis dorsata, commonly foraged on flowers at dusk and appears to be the most effective insect pollinator of durian. Consequently, insect pollination could be an alternative method for durian farming. Preservation of forests and caves is suggested to maintain the nesting and foraging habitat of wild pollinators.ทุเรียนพันธุ์หมอนทอง (Durio zibethinus, Malvaceae) เป็นพันธุ์ที่มีรสชาติดีและ
นิยมปลูกกันอย่างกว้างขวางในประเทศไทย แมลงที่หาอาหารในเวลากลางคืนอาจเป็นตัวช่วยผสม เกสรในพืชที่ถูกผสมเกสรด้วยค้างคาวเมื่อค้างคาวมีจํานวนน้อย การศึกษาที่ผ่านมาระบุว่าแมลงมีการ
เยือนดอกทุเรียน แต่ยังไม่มีการศึกษาใดประเมินบทบาทของแมลงต่อความสําเร็จในการผสมเกสร ทุเรียนพันธุ์หมอนทอง การทดลองผสมเกสรจํานวน 4 ชุดการทดลอง ได้ถูกดําเนินการบนต้นทุเรียน จํานวน 19 ต้น จากสวนทุเรียนจํานวน 3 สวน ในภาคใต้ของประเทศไทย ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ยอด เกสรเพศเมียพร้อมรับเรณูตั้งแต่ 17.00 น. และที่เวลา 17.30 น. อับเรณูมีการปล่อยเรณูมากกว่า 50 เปอร์เซ็นต์ ผึ้งหลายชนิดเริ่มออกหาอาหารและเยือนดอกทุเรียนตั้งแต่ช่วงเย็น และผึ้งหลวง (Apis dorsata) หาอาหารอย่างต่อเนื่องตลอดทั้งคืน ผลการทดลองผสมเกสรพบว่า หลังการผสมเกสร 2 สัปดาห์ พบว่าเปอร์เซ็นต์การติดผลเฉลี่ยสูงสุดมาจากการผสมเกสรข้ามด้วยมือ (39.3%) ตามด้วยการ
ผสมเกสรแบบธรรมชาติ (31.196) การผสมเกสรด้วยตัวเอง (19.69%) และการผสมเกสรโดยแมลง (16.4%) เมื่อวิเคราะห์ผลทางสถิติพบว่าการติดผลจากการผสมเกสรโดยแมลง การผสมเกสรแบบ ธรรมชาติ และการผสมเกสรด้วยตัวเองไม่แตกต่างกัน แต่การผสมเกสรข้ามด้วยมือแตกต่างจากการ ผสมเกสรด้วยตัวเองอย่างมีนัยสําคัญทางสถิติ หลังการผสมเกสร 4 สัปดาห์ผ่านไป พบว่าการติดผล จากการผสมเกสรข้ามด้วยมือ (13.59%) ยังคงแตกต่างจากการผสมเกสรด้วยตัวเอง (2.0%) อย่างมี
นัยสําคัญทางสถิติ เป็นการบ่งบอกว่าทุเรียนพันธุ์นี้ผสมตัวเองค่อนข้างต่ํา ในขณะที่การติดผลจากการ
ผสมเกสรแบบธรรมชาติ (5.59%) การผสมเกสรโดยแมลง (3.39%) และการผสมเกสรด้วยตัวเองไม่มี
ความแตกต่างกันเช่นเดียวกับผลการทดลองที่ 2 สัปดาห์ แมลงดูเหมือนเป็นตัวผสมเกสรที่สําคัญของ ทุเรียนพันธุ์หมอนทองในพื้นที่ที่ค้างคาวกินน้ําต้อยมาเยือนดอกค่อนข้างน้อย โดยเฉพาะผึ้งหลวงที่มี การเยือนดอกทุเรียนส่วนใหญ่ในช่วงพลบค่ําและค่อนข้างเป็นแมลงที่มีประสิทธิภาพสูงของทุเรียน จะ
เห็นได้ว่าการผสมเกสรโดยแมลงในทุเรียนสามารถเป็นวิธีการหนึ่งที่ช่วยให้ทุเรียนมีการติดผล ดังนั้น
ควรมีการรักษาป่าไม้และถ้ําเพื่อรักษาถิ่นที่อยู่อาศัย และแหล่งหาอาหารของผู้ผสมเกสรในธรรมชาติ
เอาไว
Insufficient native pollinators during artificially induced early flowering decrease yield and long‐term economic viability of a tropical fruit crop
No full textThe management of crops outside the regular cropping calendar can improve profits when supply is low and prices are high, but we do not know how induced, early flowering impacts the pollination services that crops require. This study examines the effects of flowering time and pollinator management, including managed honeybee colonies and ground flower cover, on the pollination of the tropical fruit tree, longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.), comparing between in-season flowering (naturally) and off-season flowering (chemically induced) in Northern Thailand. Visitation rates of flower visitor groups significantly differed among treatments: for in-season flowering, wild bees were the most frequent pollinator group, whereas in the off-season flowering, there were no wild bees, and instead dipterans were the most frequent pollinator group. Some off-season plantations have honeybee hives present and in this situation honeybees were the most frequent pollinator group. We show that temporal variation in the pollinator community significantly alters the pollination efficiency of longan crops. Consequently, longan production from off-season longan farms generates lower net profit in the absence of managed bees and wild bees, and wild bees produced higher seed-sets than either honeybees or dipterans. Synthesis and applications. Wild bees were the main pollinator group of longan in the in-season flowering resulting in high fruit production; whereas in the off-season flowering honeybees and dipterans were the main pollinator group. Longan production from off-season longan farms without managed bee produced less net profit. The farmers practicing off-season with honeybee hives management gain the largest net profit. Developing mechanisms to promote and maintain pollinator abundance and diversity is likely to increase the resilience of the system in addition to profit in the long term; thus, efforts should be made to provide more nesting habitat and reduce pesticide use.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Local and Landscape Compositions Influence Stingless Bee Communities and Pollination Networks in Tropical Mixed Fruit Orchards, Thailand
No full textStingless bees are vital pollinators for both wild and crop plants, yet their communities have been affected and altered by anthropogenic land-use change. Additionally, few studies have directly addressed the consequences of land-use change for meliponines, and knowledge on how their communities change across gradients in surrounding landscape cover remains scarce. Here, we examine both how local and landscape-level compositions as well as forest proximity affect both meliponine species richness and abundance together with pollination networks across 30 mixed fruit orchards in Southern Thailand. The results reveal that most landscape-level factors significantly influenced both stingless bee richness and abundance. Surrounding forest cover has a strong positive direct effect on both factors, while agricultural and urbanized cover generally reduced both bee abundance and diversity. In the local habitat, there is a significant interaction between orchard size and floral richness with stingless bee richness. We also found that pollinator specialization in pollination networks decreased when the distance to the forest patch increased. Both local and landscape factors thus influenced meliponine assemblages, particularly the forest patches surrounding an orchard, which potentially act as a key reservoir for stingless bees and other pollinator taxa. Preservation of forest patches can protect the permanent nesting and foraging habitat of various pollinator taxa, resulting in high visitation for crop and wild plants
Habitat suitability for tropical Asian stingless bees across anthropogenic landscapes
No full textStingless bees are key pollinators of both wild plants and crops in tropical Asia and are exploited for honey production and pollination services. Despite their importance, little is known about their habitat preferences in anthropogenic landscapes. We aimed to identify critical environmental variables influencing the distribution of six genera of Asian stingless bees as well as the overall stingless bee community, to identify suitable and core anthropogenic habitats, and to identify priority habitats for conservation in Thailand. We adopted a range of modeling approaches to estimate habitat suitability based on key environmental variables such as landscape features, climate, topography, and vegetation. Our results indicate that the habitat suitability for stingless bee community is strongly influenced by landscape factors including distance to nearest forest, proportions of paddy fields, forest, field crops, and villages. Among the six genera studied, Tetragonula showed the largest areas of suitable anthropogenic habitats. This may be because Tetragonula is the most diverse and widespread of all Old World stingless bees. For the overall stingless bee community, suitable anthropogenic habitats (defined as areas with a probability of occurrence > 0.195, with this threshold determined by maximizing the sum of sensitivity and specificity), and core anthropogenic habitats (defined as areas with a probability of occurrence > 0.9), accounted for 19.06% and 0.09% of the country’s area, respectively. Approximately 2% of the country’s land are considered high-priority habitats that are suitable for at least 4 genera of stingless bees (defined as areas with a probability of occurrences > 0.5) across human-modified landscapes. However, since this study could not distinguish between wild and managed populations, the findings likely reflect both the ability of stingless bees to persist in human-modified landscapes and the potential influence of beekeeping activities
Bees are supplementary pollinators of self-compatible chiropterophilous durian
No full textAbstract:Nocturnally foraging insects may be supplementary pollinators to chiropterophilous plant species when bats are scarce. Given that insects are much smaller than bats, they may be more effective at transferring pollen for plant species with similar stamen and pistil lengths, such as the ‘Monthong’ durian cultivar. The present study clarifies the role of insects in pollinating the ‘Monthong’ cultivar by examining the floral biology, conducting pollination treatments on 19 trees and observing floral visitors in southern Thailand. Stigmas were receptive by 17h00, and over 50% of ‘Monthong’ anthers had dehisced by 17h30. Several bee species began foraging on flowers during the late afternoon, and the giant honey bee (Apis dorsata) continued to visit throughout the night. Our results show that at 4 wk after pollination, the highest fruit set occurred from hand-crossed pollination (13.5%), followed by open pollination (5.5%), insect pollination (3.3%) and automatic autogamy (2.0%), indicating that this cultivar is highly self-incompatible. Moreover, insects appear to be important pollinators of ‘Monthong’ durian in areas where nectar bats visit infrequently. One bee species in particular,Apis dorsata, commonly foraged on flowers at dusk and appears to be the most effective insect pollinator of durian. Our findings highlight that nocturnally foraging bees are capable of securing pollination for night-blooming plant taxa, even those typically considered to be bat-pollinated.</jats:p
Pesticide Use under Public Good Agricultural Practices Standard: A Comparative Study in Thailand
No full textThe local implementation of Thailand’s public good agricultural practices (GAP) certification standard was investigated by examining its effectiveness in raising farmers’ awareness, lowering pesticide use, and thus improving food safety and quality assurance. A total of 98 certified and 100 uncertified farms were surveyed in two Thai provinces, Chanthaburi and Nakhon Si Thammarat, respectively. Considering durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) cultivation, the economic size of farming in the former region is relatively larger and production more market-oriented, while in the latter region, the farming scale is smaller. It was observed that knowledge and understanding of GAP is much higher among the certified as compared to the uncertified farmers, although the effectiveness of GAP in lowering pesticide use remains unconfirmed. The comparison between the two regions also suggests that farmers’ pesticide use could be affected by other contextual factors to a greater extent than the GAP. Results from a multivariate linear regression analysis highlighted the critical importance of training on Q-GAP and pesticide use in reducing pesticide use among certified farmers. This suggests that GAP applicant farmers should be encouraged to participate in training on those subjects as an integral part of their Q-GAP application or renewal procedure
Local and landscape context affects bee communities in mixed fruit orchards in Southern Thailand
No full textWayo Waye
No full textReggae and jazz influenced dance music rooted in Sengalese mbalax frenetic and syncopated rhythm
Bat pollinators: a decade of monitoring reveals declining visitation rates for some species in Thailand
No full textAbstract Bats are important pollinators, but they are difficult to study since they are volant and nocturnal. Thus, long-term studies of nectarivorous bats are scarce, despite their potential to help assess trends in bat populations and their pollination services. We used capture rates of nectarivorous bats at chiropterophilous flowers in order to examine temporal trends in bat visitation in an area that is undergoing extensive land use change. We mist-netted at five bat-pollinated plant taxa (Durio zibethinus, Musa acuminata, Oroxylum indicum, Parkia speciosa, and Sonneratia spp.) in southern Thailand over six years between 2011 and 2021. We found that the most common bat species, Eonycteris spelaea, was the main visitor at all five plant taxa and had consistent visitation rates across all study years. In contrast, two other important pollinators, Macroglossus minimus and M. sobrinus, showed 80% declines in the number of individuals netted at mangrove apple (Sonneratia spp.) and banana (Musa acuminata) flowers, respectively. These findings suggest that E. spelaea (a large, cave-roosting species with a broad diet) is more tolerant of anthropogenic change than are Macroglossus bats (small, foliage-roosting species with specialized diets), which may in turn affect the reproductive success of plants pollinated by these species. Our study demonstrates how decade-long monitoring can reveal species-specific temporal patterns in pollinator visitation, emphasizing the need for tailored conservation plans. While the conservation status of most nectarivorous bats in the area is Least Concern, our results indicate that population studies in Southeast Asia are urgently needed for updated bat species conservation assessments
Bat pollinators: a decade of monitoring in southern Thailand (data)
No full textBat pollinators: a decade of monitoring reveals declining visitation rates for some species in ThailandAlyssa B. Stewart, Supawan Srilopan, Kanuengnit Wayo, Piriya Hassa, Michele R. Dudash, Sara BumrungsriZoological LettersBats are important pollinators, but they are difficult to study since they are volant and nocturnal. Thus, long-term studies of nectarivorous bats are scarce, despite their potential to help assess trends in bat populations and their pollination services. We used capture rates of nectarivorous bats at chiropterophilous flowers in order to examine temporal trends in bat visitation in an area that is undergoing extensive land use change. We mist-netted at five bat-pollinated plant taxa (Durio zibethinus, Musa acuminata, Oroxylum indicum, Parkia speciosa, and Sonneratia spp.) in southern Thailand over six years between 2011 and 2021. We found that the most common bat species, Eonycteris spelaea, was the main visitor at all five plant taxa and had consistent visitation rates across all study years. In contrast, two other important pollinators, Macroglossus minimus and M. sobrinus, experienced 80% declines in the number of individuals netted at mangrove apple (Sonneratia spp.) and banana (Musa acuminata) flowers, respectively. These findings indicate that E. spelaea (a large, cave-roosting species with a broad diet) is more tolerant of anthropogenic change than are Macroglossus bats (small, foliage-roosting species with specialized diets), which may affect the reproductive success of the plants they pollinate. Our study demonstrates how decade-long monitoring can reveal species-specific temporal patterns in pollinator visitation, emphasizing the need for tailored conservation plans. While the conservation status of most nectarivorous bats in the area is Least Concern, our results indicate that population studies in Southeast Asia are urgently needed for updated bat species conservation assessments.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV
