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Investigating the Temporal Sensory Characteristics, Liking and Consumer Sensory Perception of Sugar Reduced Yoghurts
No full textThe present research explores the effect of natural sweetener and fruit puree addition in yoghurts on the temporal sensory characteristics, liking, and consumer perception. The first study focused on assessing the impact of natural sweetener addition in yoghurts in terms of sensory profile, liking, satiety, and post-consumption attributes. Yoghurt samples were prepared using sucrose, xylitol, stevia, and monk fruit that had same sweetness levels. The temporal sensory profile of yoghurts was evaluated using multiple-intake Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS). Additionally, measures of dynamic liking, satiety (hunger, thirst, fullness) and post-consumption attributes (perceived healthiness, satisfaction, purchase intent) were also investigated. Results showed that the temporal xylitol-sweetened yoghurt closely resembled sucrose-sweetened yoghurt, without any onset of negative sensory characteristics throughout consumption. In contrast, the yoghurt sweetened with stevia exhibited increased astringency dominance, while the monk fruit-sweetened yoghurt showed increased bitterness and astringency dominance over successive intakes. Panellists liked xylitol-sweetened yoghurt the most, followed by stevia and monk fruit. Sweet attribute positively influenced liking in monk fruit-sweetened yoghurt, while mouthcoating, sweet and sour attributes had negative effects on liking in sucrose, xylitol, and stevia-sweetened yoghurts, respectively. In terms of perceived healthiness, satisfaction, and purchase intent, sucrose-sweetened yoghurt received the highest scores, followed by xylitol-sweetened yoghurt. In addition, the consumption of yoghurts sweetened with xylitol, stevia, or monk fruit significantly reduced feelings of hunger compared to sucrose-sweetened yoghurt.
The second study investigated the impact of incorporating puree and natural sweeteners (sucrose, xylitol, and stevia) on the temporal sensory profile of yoghurts. The multiple-intake temporal check-all-that-apply (TCATA) approach was used to assess the sensory characteristics, with the goal of minimising the negative sensory characteristics associated with natural sugar substitutes. The TCATA results were analysed using Aligned Rank Transformation (ART)-ANOVA for the first time to identify significant differences in sensory attributes. The findings revealed that as fruit puree concentration increased, especially at lower sucrose levels, attributes like sweetness and fruitiness decreased. Yoghurts formulated with varying concentrations of fruit puree and xylitol displayed more consistent sensory profiles compared to those with sucrose. Increasing the concentration of fruit puree in yoghurts sweetened with low concentration of stevia increased fruity and decreased mouthcoating attributes. Across successive intakes, sweet, sour, creamy, and fruity significantly decreased in yoghurts sweetened with sucrose, xylitol, and stevia. Correspondence analysis showed that sucrose-sweetened yoghurts were associated with fruity, creamy, and mouthcoating attributes, xylitol-sweetened yoghurts with sweet, sour, and astringent attributes, and stevia-sweetened yoghurts with liquorice and bitterness. Yoghurts with lower sucrose or xylitol concentrations and fruit puree had the highest levels of liking. However, the liking for stevia-sweetened yoghurts did not significantly differ, regardless of sweetener and puree concentrations.
In the third study, the effect of different concentrations of fruit puree and sweetener (sucrose, xylitol or stevia) in yoghurt was investigated using Response surface methodology (RSM). Multiple-intake TCATA was used to examine the temporal sensory characteristics of the yoghurts. The results provided a comprehensive understanding on how different combinations of puree and sweetener influenced the dynamic sensory profiles of yoghurts. The results indicated that in sucrose and xylitol-sweetened yoghurts, sweetness increased with increasing concentrations of puree (15 to 20%), sucrose (6.75 to 9%) and xylitol (7.5 to 8.75%). However, in stevia sweetened yoghurts, sweetness decreased with increasing puree (10 to 19%) and sweetener (0.15 to 0.18%) concentrations. Increasing concentration of fruit puree in yoghurts sweetened with sucrose (18.5 to 20%), xylitol (15 to 20%) and stevia (10 to 15%) decreased the bitterness of yoghurts sweetened with sucrose (4.5 to 5.5%), xylitol (8.75 to 10%), and stevia (0.15 to 0.20%). Creaminess increased in xylitol and stevia-sweetened yoghurts with increasing puree concentration (15 to 20%), irrespective of the amount of sweetener added. In stevia-sweetened yoghurts (0.15 to 0.20%), astringency decreased and fruitiness increased with increasing puree concentration (15 to 20%). Partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) was further applied to investigate the correlation of sensory attributes with liking. Sweet, creamy, or fruity attributes showed a positive correlation with liking in sucrose, xylitol and stevia sweetened yoghurts. These attributes were further used in the optimisation of yoghurts formulated with fruit puree and sweetener.
The final study investigated the socio-cultural factors that influenced sugar consumption patterns in three diverse countries: New Zealand, France, and Singapore using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework. In addition, consumer perception and acceptance constructs (sugar consciousness, product label and claims, substitution of sugar with sweeteners, and perceived flavour) were used to further understand participants’ consumption and purchase behaviour towards sugar-sweetened, sugar-reduced, artificially sweetened and naturally sweetened yoghurts. Data for the study was collected using three web surveys conducted in New Zealand, France, and Singapore. The data obtained was analysed using Partial Least Squares – Confirmatory Factor Analysis (PLS-CFA) to develop a unique conceptual framework specific to each country. These models were further validated and measured using Partial least Squares-Path Modelling (PLS-PM) to understand the correlation between the TPB, and consumer perception and acceptance constructs within each country. PLS-PM results showed that perceived behavioural control had a significantly positive effect on behavioural intentions among participants from New Zealand and Singapore. Moreover, the substitution of sugar with sweeteners had a significantly positive effect on the behavioural intentions among participants from France and Singapore. Furthermore, sugar-consciousness was positively correlated with behavioural intentions across all three countries, suggesting that individuals who are more aware of their sugar intake are more motivated to reduce sugar consumption. Notably, the presence of labels and claims showed a trade-off with perceived flavour, among the participants from New Zealand and France. This indicates that the presence of nutritional claims may create the expectation of more negative hedonic attributes. Therefore, researchers skillfully navigate this delicate balance to successfully design and market products that not only meet nutritional demands but also satisfy consumer acceptance of food. Partial Least Squares-Multigroup Analysis (PLS-MGA) was further applied to examine the differences in consumption and purchase behaviour across the different countries. In terms of subjective norms, most participants from Singapore indicated that eating less than recommended portion size of sugar-sweetened yoghurt was strongly approved by people whose opinions they value. In contrast, participants from New Zealand and France had a more neutral stance towards this. A higher percentage of participants from Singapore found it easier to limit their intake of sugar-sweetened yoghurt, even if it was more expensive than yoghurt sweetened with sweeteners, compared to participants from France. Both Singapore and New Zealand participants agreed that they pay special attention to types of sweeteners when making food selection.
In conclusion, the findings of this research emphasised the importance of considering both sweetener and puree concentrations when developing products with alternative sweeteners. Overall, the findings from the study offered valuable insights into the complex interplay of fruit puree, sweeteners, and sensory attributes of yoghurts. The socio-cultural factors influencing sugar consumption patterns provides insights into the correlations between various factors and consumer behavioural intentions in different countries. The findings revealed the importance of considering both nutritional and sensory properties when designing and marketing sugar reduced products, as well as recognising the differences in consumer preferences and norms across different countries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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