1,720,964 research outputs found
Shrinking water bodies as hotspots of sand and dust storms: The role of land degradation and sustainable soil and water management
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Group discussion sessions: Joint workshop on regional cooperation in Central Asia
No full textGroup discussion sessions presented during the Joint workshop on regional cooperation in Central Asia – Leveraging synergies for integrative land-biodiversity-climate action and development of the Peace Forest Initiative for land restoration, prevention of sand and dust storms, and shared natural resources in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 12-15 March 2024
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Land degradation drivers of anthropogenic sand and dust storms
No full textSand and Dust Storms (SDS) are often considered as a natural phenomenon typical of the remote desert regions. It is becoming clear, however, that human activities also contribute to the increasing global impacts of SDS. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification has recently recognized the global relevance of the anthropogenic SDS sources. These are directly and/or indirectly linked to human activities that make the soils more susceptible to wind erosion, such as unsustainable agricultural practices, overgrazing, deforestation, and misuse of water resources: in other words, the drivers of land degradation. Human activities that contribute to climate change can also be considered as indirect drivers of SDS, as they affect SDS factors like drought patterns and wind regimes. Although the contribution of anthropogenic source areas to total global dust emissions is relatively limited as amount of dust emitted (19–25%), these sources are widespread in almost all environments including drylands, sub-humid and humid areas, and high latitudes.
This article reviews the scientific evidence on the contribution of anthropogenic activities to SDS generation in a variety of SDS hotspots. The contexts considered in this study are associated with different levels of aridity (arid to humid) and with a wide range of land use systems and management practices, human drivers, and land health conditions. On one extreme, like in the Thar Desert of India, SDS are a manifestation of chronic and extensive historical land degradation in arid climatic conditions. On another extreme SDS are occasional events caused by a combination of exceptional weather conditions (e.g., drought spells, windstorms) and of factors increasing soil erodibility locally (e.g., bare fallow or soil disturbance after harvest) and in specific times of the year, as often observed in humid central Europe. Drivers linked to technological activities such as mining, industry, and military operations were also reviewed. Anthropogenic source areas are often of smaller size compared to the natural ones and marked by more scattered distribution patterns. SDS originated from these sources are in some cases occasional and relatively small but can have severe or cumulative impacts on local communities, local residential and transportation structures, and on downwind urban areas.
The majority of SDS studies have mostly addressed large scale events and rarely addressed the distinction between natural and anthropogenic sources. The relationships between the observed impacts of the SDS events and the respective drivers have been poorly studied, as well as the interactions among the SDS drivers, also due to the lack of high resolution and field data on land use and land degradation conditions in the dust source areas. More in-depth research would be needed to understand to what extent the increasing frequency and severity of anthropogenic SDS can be considered as indicators of increasing desertification and reduced land resilience to climate change
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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