1,720,954 research outputs found
Assessment of the coverage and quality of HIV diagnosis, prevention and care activities within the TB programme in Livingstone District, Zambia
Get PDFMagister Public Health - MPHIn recognition of high dual burden of tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency virus(HIV) in Sub-Saharan Africa, the World Health Organization (WHO, 2004) provided guidance for implementing integrated HIV/TB services. This strategy has been implemented using different models ranging from partial to fully integrating, and evaluations of these models have been conducted to determine their effectiveness. The aim of this study was to describe and contrast the effectiveness of different models of implementation of HIV and TB integration at primary care level within the Tuberculosis (TB) programme in Livingstone District, Zambia The specific objectives of the study included; 1. To describe the models of integrated HIV and TB services that are currently implemented at four health facilities within the TB programme in Livingstone District at primary health care level. 2. To describe and contrast the coverage and quality of HIV diagnosis in the Tuberculosis(TB) programme achieved in the different facilities representing fully and partially integrated models of service delivery. 3. To describe and contrast the coverage and quality of HIV prevention activities in the Tuberculosis (TB) programme achieved in the different health facilities representing fully and partially integrated models of service delivery. 4. To describe and contrast the coverage and quality of HIV care activities received by coinfected clients in the Tuberculosis (TB) programme in the different facilities representing fully and partially integrated models of service delivery. 5. To describe the quality and outcomes of TB diagnosis and treatment in the different facilities representing fully and partially integrated models of service delivery. A research design using quantitative methodologies: a cross sectional survey and structured observations or review of patient records (quantitative) were used. The records of 814 TB clients notified in 2010 served as the study population while the sample of 464 (232 from partially and 232 from fully integrated) were randomly selected. Two data collection tools namely: patient record and HIV/TB register review; facility staff interviews (key informant interviews) were used and the results were analyzed using Epi info statistical package. In the study, all respondents gave informed consent and no personal information was collected from the retrospective record review. The HIV prevention interventions in this study were rated below 30% except for of HIV education (97%). Statistically significant differences (p-value<0.001) existed for condom provision at facility level. Poor performance reported for STI screening (below 2%) and PMTCT information (below 15%). The HIV testing rate was 94% among TB clients which was higher than the counseling coverage of 88%. Statistically significant differences (p value <0.001) at facility level existed for clients who received HIV test results. Sixty three percent (63%) of TB clients were also co- infected with HIV. ART assessment for TB clients was below 40% and statistically significant differences (p value=<0.001) between facilities were identified for this indicator. ART assessment of TB clients at the same facility they tested for HIV was above 50% for all facilities. The continuation of cotrimoxazole was poor at 38% and statistically significant differences (p value=<0.001) were identified for this indicator between facilities. Sputum testing was 85% while the cure rate was poor at 28% average for all facilities. Statistically significant differences (p-<0.001) were noticed at model level for clients cured. Although HIV prevention and care services were introduced in the TB program in Livingstone,they were not comprehensive enough to respond to the high HIV and TB co-infectivity. For HIV prevention, other than HCT and HIV education, the rest of the critical interventions such as condom provision, STI screening and treatment, and PMTCT intervention were neglected. The HIV care services such as ART assessment and CPT implementation were also poor. There is need to put in place systems to improve these services in the district to improve treatment outcomes. The differences that were noted in performance for the majority of the indicators were mainly at facility level as being a fully integrated facility did not guarantee effective integration or better performance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
