9 research outputs found
Knowledge cluster formation as a science policy: lessons learned
No full textRegional science policy aims at the creation of productive knowledge clusters, which are central places within an epistemic landscape of knowledge production and dissemination, K-clusters are said to have the organisational capability to drive innovations and create new industries. The following paper will look at Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam and their path towards a Knowledge-based economy. All governments have used cluster formation as one of their development strategies. Some evidence on the current state of knowledge cluster formation is provided. If the formation of a knowledge cluster has been the government policy, what has been the result? Is there an epistemic landscape of knowledge clusters? Has the main knowledge cluster really materialised? Data collected from websites, directories, government publications and expert interviews have enabled us to construct the epistemic landscape of Peninsular Malaysia and the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Several knowledge clusters of a high density of knowledge producing institutions and their knowledge workers have been identified and described. An analysis of the knowledge output, measured in terms of scientific publications, patents and trademarks show that knowledge clusters have, indeed, been productive as predicted by cluster theory, though the internal working of clusters require further explanation.Science policy; knowledge and development; knowledge-based economy; knowledge clusters; knowledge corridors; Malaysia; Vietnam
The ideological and the dialogical
No full textHaye A, Carvacho H, Larraín A. The ideological and the dialogical. Journal für Psychologie. 2011;19(1).In this paper we follow researchers on ideology in that one way of dealing with this problem is by conceiving language as a common ground between the social and the psychological, and then we focus on Bakhtin's theory of discourse to show how language practices can be regarded as the locus of ideology. We will approach the Bakhtinian concepts of discourse and utterance, showing the ideological nature of language practices in three steps. First, because language practices consist of position-taking movements in a social field. Second, because these acts of discourse are evaluations, that is, value-laden positioning effort. And finally because any utterance involves a social background that roots the evaluative positioning movement in a history of language practices common among speaking subjects. Then we explore this third aspect in terms of the common social life that is discursively assumed in communication and thinking activity
From page to screen : placing hypertext fiction in an historical and contemporary context of print and electronic literary experiments
No full textOnly recently has our perception of the computer, now a familiar and ubiquitous element of
everyday life, changed from seeing it as a mere tool to regarding it as a medium for creative
expression. Computer technologies such as multimedia and hypertext applications have
sparked an active critical debate not only about the future of the book format, ("the late age
of print" {Bolter} is only one term used to describe the shift away from traditional print
media to new forms of electronic communication) but also about the future of literature.
Hypertext Fiction is the most prominent of proposed electronic literary forms and strong
claims have been made about it: it will radically alter concepts of text, author and reader,
enable forms of non-linear writing closer to the associative working of the mind, and make
possible reader interaction with the text on a level impossible in printed text.
So far the debate that has attempted to put hypertext fiction into a historical perspective
has linked it to two developments. Firstly the developments in computer technology that
made hypertext not only possible but also widely accessible and secondly a tradition of
postmodern theory, where characteristics attributed to hypertext echo concepts of
fragmentation, multiplicity and instability that theorists like Barthes and Derrida have
formulated previously and that have led to the notion of hypertext as an "authentic, yet
functional postmodern form" {Roberts}
A third element that is not generally subject to critical evaluation is the practice of
(post)modern writing in which a number of authors consciously break with the linearity of
print conventions in favour for a more fragmented narrative and presentation as well as
actively inviting the reader's participation in what Barthes calls "writerly" text. There are two
reasons why these "proto-hypertexts" have been widely ignored or dismissed: Hypertext is
still widely define as exclusive to the electronic realm and is furthermore generally
perceived in oppositional pairs in contrast to print, i.e. non-linear vs. linear and interactive
vs. passive, which conceptually does not leave room for a study of an "evolution" out of
existing forms of writing practice.
By examining hypertext fiction in a context of print experiments (Cortazar, Borges, B.S.
Johnson, Andreas Okopenko, Raymond Queneau, Miroslav Pavic, Italo Calvino) and also in
a context of other forms of digital literary experimentation (collaborative projects and
computer-generated writing), this thesis aims to, on a diachronic level, reincorporate
hypertext fiction into an evolutionary (though radical) literary tradition and examines the
manner in which concepts which originated in this tradition have been taken over often
very literally and without much redefinition. On the a-historical, synchronic level, this study
explores some of the possible formats for literature in the new electronic textual media:
hypertext fiction, collaborative writing projects, computer-generated writing and the
different challenges these present to our understanding ofliterature.
After an introduction in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 and 3 discuss two of the keywords of
hypertext theory, its "grand narratives' (non-linearity and interactivity) and the
appropriation of the terminology to hypertext theory and to hypertext fiction. Chapter 4
and 5 will look at alternative, though related, approaches to electronic fiction: Chapter 4 will
examine aspects of collaborative writing in both a print and a digital environment while
computer-generated writing stands at the centre of Chapter 5
Technology education in secondary schools
No full textThe author outlines his background and refers to current relevant attitudes. He considers changes which have influenced the curriculum for manufacturing in resilient materials in schools. The word technology is currently in common use. Having examined a range of sources for common themes, the author synthesises a definition and examines some implications. He uses the example of the development of the electronic computer to illustrate the difference between science and technology before arguing that 'new technology', in schools, properly belongs within the framework of 'Craft Design & Technology' (CDT). Using references from industry, education and elsewhere, he describes the process of designing and upholds its predominance as a skill to be fostered. Arising from its cyclic nature are implications for the assessment of performance. As labour saving devices, windmills and robots are widely separated by time but both require control and the author seeks to explore this link. The components of control are also identifiable in the work of pupils over many years. He contrasts industrial robots with those of their prophets. The need far a review of the education service was established in 1976. The consequent chain of political initiatives in Britain is described highlighting the nature of politics. He considers a case history when those who 'do' become championed by those who would have it done’. Durham Local Education Authority's progress in CDT in-service training is described and the world of 'lower school' technology is explored by considering both pupil and updated teacher. The author describes industrial reality and intimates a curriculum possibility - the design, by lower school pupils, of automatic systems. He sees the computer in the CDT curriculum both as design tool and as part of solutions to human needs
Differential patterns in comparative education discourse
No full textThis dissertation study argues that 'policy advice formation', as a discourse development, is a differentiated hybrid resultant from merger between comparative education and policy studies disciplines. Through discourse analysis based on John Creswell's format, this study identifies revisions, restatements and shifts in emphasis of theories, methodological models and challenge topics of comparative education and policy studies. Findings which display the development of policy advice formation' discourse. In conclusion, this study found differential patterns seemingly formed because of collaborative affects of standardization in education science knowledge expressed within discourse
Decision making factors in Chinese foreign policy concerning Korea (1950) and Vietnam (1965-66): the role and significance of two former vassal states
No full textThis work examins three areas of contributory factors that shaped the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) response towards two international crises in regions which traditionally fell within the Chinese sphere of influence : the Korean War (1950) and the American War in Vietnam (1965-66). It analyzes and isolate2 the domestic and international political aspects which shaped the foreign policy towards the two conflicts including the conflict between Mao Tse-tung and others in the CCP over China's socialist construction; it also considers the specific relations with the two former vassal states. Once decision-making factors are identified, the formulation of the foreign policy output in both cases is described. A broader historical perspective is provided through a discussion of imperial Chinese attitudes towards Korea and Vietnam and through an insight into the effects of western and Japanese encroachments in the two areas. The study uses the two periods to gauge the success achieved by a newly independent China's efforts towards gaining international status, creating spheres of influence and avoiding domination by the Americans or the Soviets over the first decade and a half of the People's Republic's existence. The significance of the two former vassals is placed in this context. The study concludes that although decision-making with regard to the Vietnam conflict was freer from foreign influence than in the case of the Korean War, the improvement in Chinese international standing and effectiveness in international politics was nominal, although a better use of deterrents and diplomatic communications can be observed
Transcending jurisprudence : a critique of the architectonics of international law
No full textei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Women who wreak havoc: a new perspective on early modern drama, 1603-1642
No full textThis doctoral thesis looks anew at the representation of women in the non-Shakespearean plays of early Stuart England (1603-1642). The chapters progress chronologically, locating common themes of the period, which I analyse independently in each chapter, and consider in the conclusion comprehensively. The introduction serves to present these recurring themes and alert the reader to their importance and relevance to the period as a whole. Chapter 1 considers adultery and torture, as well as the ramifications of a woman's speaking and writing in George Chapman' s The Tragedy of Bussy D 'Ambois (1604). Chapter 2 investigates the nature of villainy, and also the moral ambiguity in the representation of suicide in Thomas Heywood's The Rape ofLucrece (1607-08). Chapter 3 is a reading of Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher's The Maid's Tragedy (1611): the analysis takes exception to the common perceptions of villainy, and considers narcissism and melancholy in women. Chapter 4 examines early modem humoral theory in Nathan Field, Philip Massinger and John Fletcher's play, The Queen of Corinth (1616-17). The chapter also explores the period's views of the Self. In Chapter 5, on The Sea Voyage, by John Fletcher and Philip Massinger (1622), colonial discovery, its metaphorical associations with . appropriating women, and its links with utopian ideals in early modem England are explored. Chapter 6 surveys the women in John Ford's 'Tis Pity She's a Whore (1629-22). It presents a critical examination of natural law and morality, and investigates melancholy in women. Issues relating to women and knowledge, and the nature of women's revenge are also considered. Chapter 7, on The Lost Lady, by William Berkeley (1637), deals with race, the fetishising of the anatomical parts of a woman, and the representation of friendships between women. The final chapter,' on James Shirley's The Cardinal (1641), undertakes an examination of the similarities between colonial exploration and the appropriation of women's bodies. Additionally, views on both virginity and widowhood are explored. This chapter also demonstrates how the successful execution of revenge is denied to women, and how melancholy was often exhibited as madness when it was diagnosed in women. The conclusion contends that the playwrights, far from reinforcing gender stereotypes, create women with whom we can sympathise even though they ignore the period's imposed expectations and overthrow cultural assumptions about their natures. It further suggests that the reason for their having been ignored is a fault of modem scholarship, which has either exalted Shakespeare to the detriment of these other worthy plays, or turned to these plays with an essentialist analysis that excludes the multifaceted nature of women from their work
