1,721,052 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Temperature optima of enzyme-catalysed reactions in microemulsion systems
No full textTernary phase systems (water/surfactant/organic solvent) were utilised to increase and broaden the temperature optima of enzyme-catalysed reactions. Alcohol dehydrogenases from yeast and Thermoanaerobium brockii (EC 1.1.1.1 and EC 1.1.1.2), lactate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii (EC 1.1.1.28) and the particulate hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha (EC 1.18.99.1) were used as model enzymes in microemulsions, consisting of the surfactant Aerosol OT, and various alkane solvent and aqueous phases. All enzymes exhibited, besides an increase in specific activity, an upshift of the temperature optimum of the catalysed reaction. The temperature optimum could be further shifted by variation of the chain length of the solvent used and/or the addition of compatible solutes to the aqueous phase. Under optimised conditions, catalytic reactions of enzymes from mesophilic microorganisms had temperature optima in the range generally obtained with enzymes from thermophilic organisms
Biofilms and extracellular matrices on geomaterials
No full textMicrobial biofilms are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestric ecosystems as well as on man-made material. They are initial colonizers on all surfaces and take part in biogenic weathering on natural rocks as well as on building stone. The structure and function of the biofilm matrix, mainly extracellular polysaccharides (EP), is documented for biofilms on stone surfaces: the hydrated gel acts as glue between the organisms and the material surface. Besides EP, living cells, cell debris and mineral particles are embedded in the matrix. These particles appear to be deposited on the surfaces of cell walls and interfaces in the biofilm matrix. As an important function of the matrix, EP stabilizes the biological activity against periodic desiccation. It was demonstrated that in several polymers (alginate, dextran, levan and others) a typical extracellular enzyme, the alpha-amylase, develops enhanced resistance against desiccation stress. Consequences of EP production and biofilm development on surfaces are discussed
Thermofluid analysis of an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) generator
Full text linkCITATION: Wang, R., Dobson, R. T. & Kamper, M. J. 2001. Thermofluid analysis of an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) generator. R&D Journal, 17.ABSTRACT: In this article a lumped-parameter heat transfer model and an air flow model of a typical Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine is presented. The application of the proposed models to an AFPM generator is described in detail. The calculated results are compared with the measurements taken from a prototype AFPM machine. The advantages and disadvantages of the approach are then outlined and conclusions drawn. The developed thermofluid model is shown to perform thermal analyses with reasonable accuracy.Publisher's versio
Methods for in situ detection and characterization of extracellular polymers in biofilms by electron microscopy
No full textElectron microscopy of biofilms and the localization of extracellular polymers at high resolution require the adaptation of conventional electron microscopic preparation and imaging techniques. A method developed for in situ fixation and embedding of biofilms, imaging of unstained thick sections with electron spectroscopic imaging and the application of lectin or antibody-based marker systems allowed interpretation of extracellular polymer distribution at micrometer scale. By this way, it is possible to discriminate in situ between extracellular polymers produced by different organisms. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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