1,721,055 research outputs found
L’Union Fait la Force? Evidence for Wage Discrimination in Firms with High Diversity
Get PDFMeasuring the economic impact of coworkers from different countries of origin sparked intense scrutiny in labor economics, albeit with an uncomfortable methodological limitation. Most attempts have involved metrics that eliminate most of the socially and economically relevant heterogeneity among different countries of origin, salient dimension of diversity and critical determinant of labor market outcomes of migrants. The typical examples of such metrics are diversity indicators that divide the firm’s workforce into binary categories such as blacks and whites, foreigners and natives, and non-Europeans and Europeans. We propose an entirely novel approach that constructs a firm-level aggregate measure of diversity that explicitly takes into account differences in socio-economic conditions of migrants’ countries of origin. To do so, we use the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Index (HDI), a standard harmonized measure of cross-country variations in levels of socio-economic development that is available for virtually all the countries in the world. By resorting to rich matched employer-employee panel data for Belgium, we use this new aggregate measure of firm-level diversity to estimate firm-level wage equations, which control for a wide range of observable and time-invariant unobservable factors, including variations in labor productivity between firms and within firms over time. The results seem to suggest that the majority of firms do not discriminate against foreigners. However, our findings show that firms with high diversity might broadly discriminate against them. The wage discrimination in high-diversity firms could be alleviated through a stronger presence of collective bargaining and efforts to de-cluster foreigners from low-HDI countries in these firms
Decentralised organic resource treatments: Classification and comparison through extended Material Flow Analysis
No full textThe article presents a classification and comparison of Decentralised Organic Resource Treatments(DORTs), a term that refers to relatively small-scale biowaste treatments that have emerged as apromising alternative to centralised, industrial facilities. Despite growing interest from policy makersand waste professionals, accessible and coherent information on different decentralised treatments iscurrently not available. To overcome this gap in the literature, we propose an Extended Material FlowAnalysis (EMFA) based on a review of the literature and expert interviews. In addition to flows of inputsand outputs, the EMFA also accounts on the economic, normative, and technical aspects of each treatment.The final EMFA database includes seven broad types of DORTs (composting, anaerobic digestion,dehydration, lactic acid fermentation, mulching, vermicomposting and animal valorisation) that arefurther divided into 18 representative models. The most relevant and comparable variables are summarisedin form of synthetic flow diagrams.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Conditions and concepts for interdiciplinary urban metabolism research – the case of an inter-project collaboration on biowaste
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L'indicateur de bien-être économique : une application à la France
No full textThe Index of Economie Vféll-Being: an Application to the Case of France
Among the various initiatives that attempt to refine the measures of "well being" from a standpoint of economic development as being based on multiple criteria, Lars Osberg and Andrew Sharpe are part of a group of authors that propose a rigorous and inspiring framework. Unfortunately, their works have not until now been carefully applied to the case of France. The article aims to overcome this particular empirical gap by proposing an estimation of economic well being and its evolution over more than two decades (1980-2003), deduced from a novel database.Parmi les initiatives, multiples, qui cherchent à affiner les mesures de bien- être à partir d'une vision multicritère du bien-être économique, les travaux de Lars Osberg et d'Andrew Sharpe font partie des références qui proposent un cadre rigoureux et stimulant de mesure. Leurs travaux n'ont malheureusement pas jusqu'ici pas été appliqués avec soin au cas français. L'article vise à combler cette lacune empirique en proposant, à partir de bases de données originales, une estimation du bien-être économique et de son évolution sur plus de deux décennies (1980- 2003).Jany-Catrice Florence, Kampelmann Stephan. L'indicateur de bien-être économique : une application à la France. In: Revue française d'économie, volume 22, n°1, 2007. pp. 107-148
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
La socio-économie des règles salariales
No full textCette dissertation s'attache à l'étude des inégalités de salaire dans la société capitaliste contemporaine, phénomène qui conjugue des enjeux politiques conséquents avec une crispation des débats entre les différentes écoles de pensées. Il y est défendu la thèse selon laquelle les inégalités de salaire sont le résultat de règles socialement construites qui ne peuvent pas être exclusivement attribuées aux intérêts du capitalisme rationnel. La partie empirique se focalise sur les inégalités entre les catégories professionnelles et applique des méthodes économétriques à des microdonnées diachroniques d'Allemagne et de Belgique. Étonnement, trois études empiriques ne fournissent que peu d'éléments pour la validation des modèles conventionnels de la formation des salaires. Nous y montrons notamment que les règles salariales qui différencient les catégories professionnelles ne peuvent pas être expliquées d'après (i) leur correspondance avec les inégalités en termes de productivités marginales relatives, ou d'après (ii) l'impact asymétrique du changement technologique sur les professions. En revanche, la structure des rémunérations est significativement associées à la composition des différentes professions (taux de syndicalisation, ratio femmes/hommes ou niveau d'éducation) et aux variations dans la configuration nationale des institutions du marché du travail. Ainsi, cette étude ne met pas seulement en évidence la faiblesse de l'assise empirique des théories conventionnelles du salaire, mais il fait également ressortir des concepts socio-économiques et des résultats empiriques qui pourrait aider au recalibrage de l'analyse institutionnelle des rémunérations.The dissertation examines pay inequalities in contemporary capitalist societies, a phenomena that combines clear policy relevance and entrenched controversies between different schools of thought. It defends the thesis that pay inequalities are the result of socially constructed rules that cannot be ascribed exclusively to capitalist-rational interests. The empirical part of the dissertation focuses on inequalities between occupations and applies econometric methods to representative panel data from Germany and Belgium. Three empirical studies provide surprisingly thin evidence for conventional models of the determination of earnings. We notably show that the pay rules that differentiate occupational categories cannot be explained with (i) corresponding inequalities in relative marginal productivities or (ii) the asymmetric impact of technological change on different occupations. By contrast, the structure of occupational pay is significantly associated with the composition of occupations (e.g.\ changes in unionisation, gender ratios, or educational mix) and cross-country variations in the institutional configuration of labour markets. The dissertation therefore not only highlights the weak empirical footing of conventional wage theories but also socio-economic concepts and factual evidence that help to recalibrate the institutional analysis of earnings
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
On the circularisation of territorial metabolism
No full textThe circularizsation of urban metabolism has appeared as policy objective in cities around the world. But many policies are not “authentically” circular and based on wrong assumptions (Arnsperger and Bourg, 2016). This article prolongs extends this critical perspective and examines the implications of circularisationcircularization for throughput intensity, the spatial structure, and socio-technical agengytscies of metabolisticmetabolic exchanges. This approach underlines the salience of pPolitical eEconomy issues that have so far not been addressed in the literature on circular economy. More specifically, we document the existence of cleavages such as pro-growth vs. post-growth and technocratic vs. emancipatory that are inherent to alternative interpretations of circular economy. Taking into these issues into account these issues leads to a more accurate understanding of the social-ecological complexity of urban metabolism, but it comes at the cost of lower practical applicability. In order provide operative input to current policy discussions, the complex and mostly idiosyncratic nature of circular metabolism should be addressed in localised, case-specific studies that combine the (mostly quantitative) research on biophysical flows with the (predominantly qualitative) insights on socio-economic transitions.iiTSEinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
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