1,720,958 research outputs found
Exercise training in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients: the importance of resistance training
No full textChronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the dominant form of HF, with an increasing prevalence and until recently very limited management options (e.g. diuretics, gliflozins, and incretin therapies). 1 Exercise intolerance (EI) presents one of the most common symptoms of HFpEF and is associated with a decreased quality of life (QoL) and increased risk of HF-related hospitalization and mortality. 1 The pathophysiology of EI is however complex and consists of pulmonary, skeletal muscle, vascular, and cardiac abnormalities that can substantially impact cardiac output, oxygen transport, and utilization to the exercising muscles, thereby leading to a substantial reduction in peak oxygen consumption (peak VO 2) and muscle strength. 1 This multiorgan dysfunction cannot be remediated by cardiovascular pharmacotherapy or cardiac implantable electronic devices only; therefore , optimal lifestyle management strategies are needed as well to improve the EI-related symptoms and outcomes. 1 Exercise training (ET), as part of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), may alleviate the symptoms of HFpEF and has been associated with superior improvements in (sub)maximal aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and QoL and decreases the risk of all-cause and HF hospitalization in HF patients. 2 Current evidence on ET in CR was established on mostly patients with HF with reduced EF (HFrEF), 2 while the evidence in HFpEF patients is growing. Recently completed studies have demonstrated superior effects of moderate-intensity continuous or high-intensity interval aerobic training (AT) alone or combined with resistance training (RT) on peak VO 2 over standard care alone. 3,4 While these studies have provided important information for improving exercise-based CR in HFpEF, there may be (emerging) ET approaches that should be adopted for this patient group. For example, recent evidence suggests that moderate-to-high load RT [MHL-RT; 55-80% of one repetition maximum (1-RM)] is safe and can provide greater benefits on peak VO 2 and maximal muscle strength, compared with AT alone in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. 5 Therefore, it remains interesting to assess whether the implementation of MHL-RT may provide additional benefits on exercise performance in HFpEF patients. In this issue of the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Palau et al. 6 sought to determine the effects of novel ET approaches on improving symptoms of EI in HFpEF patients, all with chronotropic incompetence (chronotropic index <0.62 or <0.80 for patients previous on or without β-blocker therapy, respectively). The novelty of this paper is that the authors for the first time targeted the chronotropic incompetence with supervised ET intervention. In the study, the authors rando-mized 80 HFpEF patients to exercise counselling alone (counselling on regular unsupervised aerobic and resistance exercise), high-intensity AT alone (twice weekly, intervals of 1 min of high-intensity aerobic exercise separated by 2 min of active recovery), combination of inspiratory muscle training (20 repetitions at 40-60% of maximal inspiratory pressure performed twice daily), AT and low-load RT (LL-RT) (3 sets of 20 repetitions at 30-50% of 1-RM performed twice weekly), or MHL-RT (3 sets of 12 repetitions at 55-75% of 1-RM performed twice weekly). The study assessed changes in peak VO 2 (mL/kg/min and %), QoL, chronotropic response, and safety of and adherence to exercise intervention. After 12 weeks of intervention, all three supervised ET groups improved peak VO 2 max, health-related QoL, and chronotropic response to a greater extent when compared with exercise counselling alone. The combination of home-based inspiratory muscle training with supervised AT and MHL-RT was superior to AT alone on the improvement in peak VO 2 , while all supervised ET interventions induced similar improvements in QoL and chronotropic response, with 38% of the patients in the ET groups restoring their chronotropic response. In addition, all ET interventions were safe, well tolerated (all patients completed more than 83% of prescribed ET sessions) with no adverse cardiovascular events. This study elegantly presents several novel insights into the benefits of concurrent ET methods (e.g. combination of AT and RT) to tackle the highly prevalent EI symptoms of HFpEF patients. First, the study clearly shows that supervised ET should be offered for HFpEF patients instead of exercise counselling alone that showed no clinical benefits. Second, this study demonstrates the importance of combining A
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Advancing Aerobic Exercise Training Intensity Prescription in Health and Disease Beyond Standard Recommendations: A Call to Action
No full textGuidelines for aerobic exercise training (AET) often recommend training intensities on the basis of a percentage of peak effort (e.g. %peak heart rate [%HRpeak ], %peak oxygen uptake [%VO2peak ]). However, such an approach could be associated with a higher inter-individual variability in acutely induced physiological responses (e.g. blood lactate, HR, VO2) when compared with threshold-based prescription (i.e. ventilatory threshold [VT] or lactate threshold [LT]). Therefore, we performed a literature review to compare the acute physiological impact of AET prescription based on fraction of the peak effort versus threshold-based exercise prescription (VTs and LTs), and how these prescription options may influence the efficacy of exercise intervention in healthy subjects and patients with cardiovascular risk or disease. Data from cross-sectional studies (15 studies; 5312 participants) indeed reveal a greater inter-individual variance in acute physiological responses to a single exercise (e.g. HR, VO2 , blood lactate) when exercising at the same %HR peak or % VO2peak compared with exercising at (a fraction of) VT or LT. Data from randomised exercise intervention studies (3 studies; 135 participants) and a meta-analysis (1544 individuals from 42 studies) show that aerobic exercise prescription based on the percentage of peak effort leads to smaller improvements in VO2peak and metabolic health when compared with aerobic exercise prescription based on the VTs or LT. These collective findings suggest that threshold-based AET intensity prescription elicit more homogeneous acute physiological responses, and greater VO2peak improvements. Hence, it is time to move past standard recommendations and implement a threshold-based approach when prescribing the AET intensity.No funding or research grants were used in the preparation of this manuscript
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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