22 research outputs found
Determination of Refractive Error Using Direct Ophthalmoscopy in Children
No full textSruthi Vijendran,1,* Yogish S Kamath,1,* Yash Alok,2 Neetha IR Kuzhuppilly1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 2Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Neetha IR Kuzhuppilly, Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India, Tel +91 98861 61979, Fax +91-820-2571934, Email [email protected]: Refractive error is a major cause of visual impairment in children and its early detection can prevent ocular morbidity such as amblyopia and strabismus. Brückner test is a comprehensive test which can be easily administered in children using a direct ophthalmoscope. We aimed to determine refractive error in children by analysis of the red reflex using modified Brückner test.Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 683 undilated eyes of 683 children aged four to 10 years. They were evaluated with a direct ophthalmoscope from one meter in a dimly lit room. The characteristics of the red reflex and crescent obtained were compared with photoscreener refraction value and analyzed.Results: The presence of superior crescent was associated with hypermetropia (Chi square 37.11, p < 0.001, kappa = 0.15) and inferior crescent with myopia (Chi square 157.29, p < 0.001, kappa = 0.477). Superior crescent was 98.4% sensitive in detecting hypermetropia. Hypermetropia greater than +1.5D, was associated with larger superior crescent crossing horizontal midline of pupil (Chi square = 5.29, p = 0.021).Conclusion: The modified Brückner test is useful in detection and quantification of refractive error in children. It is easy, simple, quick and can be employed in the community as a screening test to detect potentially amblyogenic refractive errors.Keywords: visual impairment, pediatric refraction, hypermetropia, myopia, Brückner test, refractive erro
Perspectivas de los niños hacia las personas mayores - Una encuesta transversal
No full textBackground: With an aging global population, understanding the perceptions and attitudes of younger generations toward the elderly becomes increasingly vital for promoting intergenerational rapport and encouraging social cohesion.Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the attitudes of children towards the elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 384 children between the ages of 7-14 in selected schools of Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. The data was collected using a pre-validated rating scale. Results: The children's mean score on the attitude towards the elderly scale was 27.08±4.39, indicating that the 89.06% have a favorable attitude towards the elderly. Moreover, a significant association was found between the children's perspective towards the elderly and the demographic variables like age (P= 0.003), class (P <0.001), and type of family (P <0.001).Conclusion: Interventions and educational programs can be designed to cultivate positive attitudes about the elderly among children, which can eventually contribute to the creation of age-friendly communities.Antecedentes.Con el envejecimiento de la población mundial, comprender las percepciones y actitudes de las generaciones más jóvenes hacia las personas mayores resulta cada vez más vital para promover relaciones intergeneracionales y fomentar la cohesión social. Objetivo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar las actitudes de los niños hacia los ancianos. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis transversal entre 384 niños de 7 a 14 años de escuelas seleccionadas de Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. Los datos se recabaron utilizando una escala de valoración, validada previamente. Resultados. La puntuación media de los niños en la escala de actitud hacia los ancianos fue de 27.08±4.39, lo que indica que el 89.06% tiene una actitud favorable hacia los ancianos. Además, se encontró una asociación significativa entre la perspectiva de los niños hacia los ancianos y las variables demográficas como edad (P= 0.003), grado escolar (P <0.001) y tipo de familia (P <0.001). Conclusiones. Se pueden diseñar intervenciones y programas educativos para cultivar actitudes positivas sobre las personas mayores entre los niños, lo que a la larga puede contribuir a la creación de comunidades amigables, independientemente de las edades
A Study to Identify the Correlation between Psychological Problems & Coping Strategies Adopted by the Wives of the Alcoholics Attending the Selected De-addiction Centres in Mangalore
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Addressing the Epidemic of Senior Isolation: A Narrative Review
No full textLoneliness, a feeling of being alone or abandoned, is often associated with old age. The elderly can feel lonely for various reasons. It is not just the number of relationships, but also the quality of these social ties, that influence loneliness. Being close with companions and family members is essential for the elderly. Additional factors, such as being female, having a low socioeconomic status, or being institutionalized can raise loneliness among the elderly. Loneliness can have a noteworthy influence on the well-being of the elderly, leading to depression and even death. There are several existing interventions to tackle loneliness, but their significance is minimal. This article aims to raise awareness of the epidemic called senior isolation
Efficacy of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction [MBSR] on Academic Test Anxiety and Self-confidence among Indian Undergraduates
No full textIntroduction. The time of examination and evaluation is a stressful period where anxiety is at its highest levels. To some extent, a low level of stress can help motivate the students; however, more stress can be discouraging. It will make students exhausted, overwhelmed, and confused. High self-esteem promotes physical health and enhances coping with threat; on the other hand, low self-esteem is associated with mental health difficulties like anxiety, depression, and personality disorder. Hence, the present study focuses on assessing the academic test anxiety and self-confidence and finding out the efficacy of practicing mindfulness meditation to relieve test anxiety, thereby improving the self-confidence and self-esteem in their life. Objectives. Determine the pre-interventional academic test anxiety and self-confidence among undergraduates in experimental and control groups and determine the effectiveness of MBSR on academic test anxiety and self-confidence.
Eficacia de la meditación en el aumento de la autoconfianza, y de la reducción del estrés y la ansiedad asociados a los exámenes escolares en estudiantes de la India
No full textIntroduction. The time of examination and evaluation is a stressful period where anxiety is at its highest levels. To some extent, a low level of stress can help motivate the students; however, more stress can be discouraging. It will make students exhausted, overwhelmed, and confused. High self-esteem promotes physical health and enhances coping with threat; on the other hand, low self-esteem is associated with mental health difficulties like anxiety, depression, and personality disorder. Hence, the present study focuses on assessing the academic test anxiety and self-confidence and finding out the efficacy of practicing mindfulness meditation to relieve test anxiety, thereby improving the self-confidence and self-esteem in their life. Objectives. Determine the pre-interventional academic test anxiety and self-confidence among undergraduates in experimental and control groups and determine the effectiveness of MBSR on academic test anxiety and self-confidence.
Introducción . El momento de los exámenes y las evaluaciones es un período estresante en el que la ansiedad alcanza sus niveles más altos. Hasta cierto punto, un nivel bajo de estrés puede ayudar a motivar a las y los estudiantes. Sin embargo, un mayor nivel de estrés puede ser desalentador. Hará que se sientan exhaustos, abrumados y confundidos. Una autoestima alta promueve la salud física y mejora la capacidad de afrontar las amenazas; por otro lado, una autoestima baja se asocia con dificultades de salud mental, como ansiedad, depresión y trastornos de la personalidad. El presente estudio evalúa el impacto de la ansiedad y la confianza en uno mismo ante los exámenes académicos, valorando la eficacia de la práctica de la meditación consciente para aliviar la ansiedad, mejorar la confianza y la autoestima en uno mismo, ante los exámenes. Objetivo. Determinar la ansiedad ante los exámenes académicos y la confianza en uno mismo antes de la intervención entre los estudiantes universitarios en grupos experimentales y de control y determinar la eficacia de MBSR en la ansiedad ante los exámenes académicos y la confianza en uno mismo
Intergenerational communication and elderly well-being
No full textBackground: Mental fitness and well-being are essential elements of human life. They help humans overcome hardships and fulfill their desires successfully. This study looked at the effects of interaction with children on well-being among the elderly. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed, and the institutionalized elderly were selected using a purposive sampling method. They were then allocated equally into experimental and control groups. Children included in the study were selected based on a validated rating scale that measured their attitude towards the elderly. The WHO (five) well-being index was used to gather data. The elderly in the experimental group had an opportunity to interact with the children once a week for 12 weeks whereas the control group didn't have access to the children. Results: There was a significant difference (P <0.001) in the mean posttest scores of well-being among the elderly in the experimental group (81.76±11.56) when compared to the control group (37.02±14.13). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the interaction with children promotes well-being among the elderly. Interaction of children with the elderly residing in the elderly homes can be included as a part of the curriculum in schools and it may contribute to the holistic development of children's attitude
Predictores del síndrome premenstrual: resultados de un grupo focal de adolescentes tardías en un colegio privado de enfermería en Kerala, India. Un enfoque de método mixto
No full textPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterised by the cyclic occurrence of physical, psychological and behavioural symptoms during the menstrual cycle. It is evident from the literature that PMS is a common problem in all over the globe as majority (77.5%) of women believe it has a significant impact on their lives. This study aimed to determine the incidence, intensity and factors influencing PMS among adolescent girls. A mixed method approach was adopted with descriptive design for assessing the incidence and intensity (Quantitative) and FGD for determining the factors influencing PMS (Qualitative). The sample comprised of 100 students from a private college of Nursing under (xxxx) who fulfilled the selection criteria and selected by random sampling. By using Standardized Stainer and Wilkin’s PMS diagnostic criteria tool the incidence and intensity of PMS was assessed and 10 volunteer students with criteria >10 (moderate and severe) were for FGD. The results revealed that 86% of the participants were having PMS. Twenty-four percentage reported mild symptoms, where as 54% and 8 % had moderate and severe PMS respectively. Thematic analysis revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are influencing PMS. As conclusion, it is proved that PMS is found to be an important health issue influenced by lifestyle factors (The highest number of codes found in thematic analysis) among adolescent girls and surging day by day with intensity. Its an urgent need of motivating them continuously with an educational program regarding the factors of PMS and its after effects.Contexto: El SPM (SPM) se caracteriza por la aparición cíclica de síntomas físicos, psicológicos y de comportamiento antes del ciclo menstrual. De la literatura se desprende que es un problema común en todo el mundo, ya que 77.5% de las mujeres encuestadas afirmaron presentarlo y que tiene un impacto significativo en sus vidas. Objetivos: Este estudio se propuso determinar la incidencia, la intensidad y los factores predictivos del SPM entre un grupo de adolescentes hindués. Entorno y diseño: Un colegio privado de enfermería en Kerala, India. Método mixto, con diseño descriptivo. Métodos y material: La muestra consistió de 100 estudiantes que cumplieron los criterios de selección por muestreo aleatorio, para evaluar la incidencia y la intensidad de la presencia del SPM (cuantitativas). De ellas, se seleccionaron 10 estudiantes para una discusión en grupo focal (DFG) con el fin de determinar los predictores cualitativos del SPM. Incidencia e intensidad del SPM se evaluaron mediante la herramienta de criterios de diagnóstico, estandarizados por Stainer y Wilkin, se seleccionaron 10 estudiantes voluntarias con criterios >10 (moderado y grave) para la DFG. Análisis estadístico utilizado: temático y descriptivo. Resultados: 86% de las participantes experimentaban SPM; 24% declararon síntomas leves, 54% y 8% moderados y graves, respectivamente. El análisis reveló que tanto factores intrínsecos como extrínsecos influyen sobre la presencia y experiencia del SPM. Conclusiones: El SPM es un importante problema de salud en el que influyen factores relacionados con el estilo de vida de las adolescentes, va en aumento y urge motivar continuamente a las adolescentes mediante programas educativos
