1,720,971 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Einfluss der “Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5” vermittelten Signalübertragung auf die Homöostase des Fettgewebes
No full textFettleibigkeit und damit assoziierte Stoffwechselerkrankungen wie Insulinresistenz, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen sind innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte zu einer erheblichen Gesundheitsbelastung geworden. Das weiße Fettgewebe repräsentiert einen entscheidenden Regulator der Energiehomöostase, da es als Puffer für Energieungleichgewichte fungiert und eine wichtige endokrine Funktion besitzt, welche auf verschiedene Prozesse im Köper wirkt. Funktionsstörungen im Fettgewebe, zum Beispiel im Lipidstoffwechsel, haben dadurch einen negativen Einfluss auf die metabolische Gesundheit und tragen zu den metabolischen Komplikationen bei, die mit Fettleibigkeit assoziiert sind. Daher ist es wichtig, unser Verständnis über molekulare Mechanismen zu verbessern, die die Funktionalität des weißen Fettgewebes modulieren und den systemischen Stoffwechsel beeinflussen können. Das Wachstumshormon (GH) ist dafür bekannt, einen starken Einfluss auf das weiße Fettgewebe zu haben: Es reguliert die Fettmobilisierung (Lipolyse) und zirkulierende GH-Konzentrationen korrelieren negativ mit der Fettgewebsmasse. Allerdings ist wenig über die spezifischen Funktionen des Hauptmediators des Wachstumshormons "Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5“ (STAT5) in Adipozyten bekannt. Um die Rolle von STAT5 in der Funktion des Fettgewebes zu untersuchen, haben wir ein Mausmodell generiert, bei dem Stat5 speziell in reifen Fetttzellen genetisch inaktiviert wurde (Stat5Adipoq). Das Fehlen von STAT5 in Adipozyten resultierte in einem erhöhten Fettgewebsanteil, der mit einer drastischen Verminderung der basalen Lipolyse einherging. Außerdem war die Mobilisierung von Fetten während einer verlängerten Nahrungskarrenz stark reduziert in Stat5Adipoq Mäusen. Interessanterweise war die systemische Insulinsensitivität von Mäusen, denen STAT5 im Fett fehlte, erhöht, während die Glukoneogenese vermindert war. Zusätzlich waren Stat5Adipoq Mäuse vor der altersinduzierten Insulinresistenz geschützt. Mechanistisch konnten wir zeigen, dass die reduzierte Lipolyse nicht mit einer Störung der β-adrenergen Induktion des lipolytischen Programms einherging, sondern mit einer Reduktion der Expression von ATGL (adipose triglyceride lipase, codiert von Pnpla2), dem geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Enzym des Fettabbaus, und von seinem Koaktivator CGI-58 (Comparative gene identification 58). Hier konnten wir zeigen, dass eine funktionelle STAT5 Bindungsstelle in der Promotorregion von Pnpla2 existiert, an die STAT5 im weißen Fettgewebe bindet, was auf eine transkriptionelle Regulierung von Pnpla2 durch STAT5 hindeutet. Zusammengefasst haben unsere Ergebnisse das derzeitige Verständnis der Physiologie des weißen Fettgewebes erweitert, indem STAT5 als neuer Regulator des Lipidmetabolismus identifiziert wurde. Außerdem hat unsere Studie gezeigt, dass die Inhibierung von STAT5 in Fettzellen den Glukosestoffwechsel verbessert. Daher könnte die Störung der STAT5 vermittelten Signalweiterleitung im Fettgewebe einen Weg darstellen, um metabolische Erkrankungen in der Zukunft zu behandeln.Obesity and associated metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, type two diabetes mellitus and cardio vascular diseases have become a major health burden within the last decades. White adipose tissue (WAT) is a key regulator of whole body energy homeostasis as it serves as buffer for energy imbalances and harbours an important endocrine function that affects various processes in the body. Consequently, dysfunctions in WAT, for example in lipid metabolism, can have a negative effect on metabolic health and contribute to the metabolic complications linked to obesity. Therefore, it is essential to improve our understanding of molecular mechanisms that modulate WAT functionality and their influence on systemic metabolism. Growth hormone (GH) has a well-known impact on WAT: it promotes lipid mobilisation (lipolysis) and circulating GH levels negatively correlate with adipose tissue mass. However, little is known regarding specific functions of its major signalling mediator signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in adipocytes. To explore the role of STAT5 in adipose tissue function, we generated a mouse model with an adipocyte-specific deletion of Stat5 (Stat5Adipoq). Adipose STAT5 deficiency resulted in increased adiposity, which coincided with a drastic decrease in basal lipolysis. In addition, lipid mobilisation was blunted in Stat5Adipoq mice upon prolonged fasting. Interestingly, systemic insulin sensitivity was increased in Stat5Adipoq mice, while their gluconeogenic capacity was decreased. In addition, Stat5Adipoq mice were protected against ageing induced insulin resistance. Mechanistically, we could show that reduced lipolysis of Stat5Adipoq mice was not linked to an impairment of the β-adrenergic induction of the lipolytic program, but with reduced expression levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL, encoded by Pnpla2), which represents the rate-limiting lipase of fat breakdown, and its co-activator comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58). In this regard, we could show that a functional STAT5 response element exists in the Pnpla2 promoter region, to which STAT5 binds in WAT indicating transcriptional regulation of Pnpla2 by STAT5. Together, our data extended the current understanding of WAT physiology by identifying STAT5 as novel regulator of WAT lipid handling. In addition, our study indicates that inhibition of STAT5 in adipocytes improves glucose metabolism. Thus, interfering with the STAT5 mediated signal transduction in adipocytes might represent a potential way to improve outcomes in metabolic disorders.submitted by Doris KalteneckerZusammenfassung in deutscher SpracheDissertation Medizinische Universität Wien 201
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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