1,720,962 research outputs found
Needs Matter: A Detailed Typology of Fundamental Needs for Human-Centered Design
No full textThe relevance of human needs is generally recognized in human-centered design research and practice. However, a challenge of working with needs is that the word “need” can be interpreted in various ways, which can hinder effective communication and collaboration. Need typologies, in such cases, can serve as a shared language by providing an overview of distinct human needs. Building on a design-focused typology of thirteen fundamental needs, this paper introduces a detailed version in which two complementary but distinct facets explain each need. We envision this fine-grained vocabulary of basic human needs can support initiatives in human-centered design research and practice, particularly facilitating and enriching conversations among people from different backgrounds. Furthermore, we propose three directions for future research on this topic.Design AestheticsHuman-Centered Desig
Economic Analytical Methods for Work-related MSD Cost Prediction
Full text linkAbstractToday's changing work environment focuses on work organization and new forms of cooperation (outsourcing, decentralization of resources, introduction of new technologies, etc.) [1,2]. Organizations sustainable development is linked to the business success in the long-term run. It can be achieved with the help of organization‘s social and technical development, healthy work environment and competitive workers. Musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD), including lower back pain, arm and neck muscle or tendon sprains and joint diseases have a significant impact on employees’ workability not only at the individual level but also at national perspective [3,4]. MSD affects efficiency, productivity and overall quality in every organization and labor market [5]. The aim of research is to discover most appropriate economic analytical methods for work-related MSD cost prediction in Latvian enterprises. This research focuses on the analysis of literature of various economic analytical methods for work-related MSD cost prediction at the organisations. Experts in ergonomics field suggests dividing ergonomic intervention costs to avoid MSD into four main categories [6]: Staff, equipment and material, reduced production and sales volume, overhead costs. World literature analysis shows that by increasing ergonomics preventive and assessment costs, considerably decreases costs of human and technology errors in the processes. Hence, it is possibility to gain additional profit that could be diverted for further preventive actions in order to continuously minimize MSD [6–8]. The combination and modification of economic analysis methods of economic loss mathematical calculations [9,10] and Washington State Ergonomics Cost Benefit Calculator is suitable for work-related MSD cost prediction and ergonomics solution cost and benefit analysis in European enterprises
Contemporary Ergonomics and Business 2011: Proceedings of the 1st International Scientific-Practical Conference of the Latvian Ergonomics Society (7 th October, 2011, Riga, Latvia)
No full textAll published papers are peer-reviewed
Effect of intra-organisational competition on organisational performance indicators
Full text linkThe objective of the research is to investigate intra-organisational competition (IOC) emerging from the interactions of internal social
comparison (ISC) and intra-organisational evolution (IOE) effecting organisational performance (OP). Communication between subordinates,
comparing contribution, ability to perform and business management strategies resulting in IOC. The attention is on recognised social dimensions
and equal emphasis is on business management practices. The literature attempts’ to recognise ISC and IOE and its effect on OP balances the
conceptual paper. For the purpose Google Scholar, Emerald Insight, EBSCO Host and Science Direct database has been used. Literature relies on
human tendency to compare and coordinate work activities. It identifies the response towards comparison and pressure created within work
environment affecting employees ability to operate and function efficiently. The concentration is on business process and employee’s irrational
behaviour affecting individual performance. The study assesses consequences of IOC on employees followed by its outcome on organisation’s
performance. The application is on variables (ISC, IOE & OP) and critical factors that affects work environment due to intra-organisational strategy
of competitive behaviour implemented by employers’ in encouraging “Intra-organizational competition”
Measuring Muscle Fatigue in Relation to the Workload of Health Care Workers
No full textAbstractNumber of work related musculoskeletal disorders due to ergonomics risks among workers in Europe, including Latvia, is growing. Employees in health care professions admit physical load and discomfort in various body parts after the shift. According to Eurostat statistical data 60% of total work related diseases are attributed to musculoskeletal disorders in Latvia. The aim of this study was to determine the muscle fatigue caused by physical load for surgeons, anaesthetists and geneticists in one of the largest Hospitals in Latvia. The research involved 9 surgeons, 9 anaesthetists and 7 geneticists with chronic pain (for four months or more) in the neck, shoulders, arms, hands and legs. All of them agreed to take part in myotonometric measurements. The main results included NMQ-E inquiry data analysis and proved that all participants most frequently complain of feeling discomfort after work, particularly, fatigue or muscle pain in the neck, shoulders, arms, hands and legs. Myotonometric measurement results show that geneticists’ muscle tone at the end of the working week has increased in the shoulder region muscles and slightly in wrist/hands muscles (m. extensor digitorum; m. flexor carpi radialis). Muscle tone of the surgeons increased in wrist, hand and shoulder region, as well as in legs at the end of the working week: m. flexor carpi radialis; m. tibialis anterior; m. gastrocnemius (caput mediale), but anaesthetists’ muscle tone increased in shoulder region and in legs. Hence research participants (surgeons, anaesthetists, geneticists) are subjected to long and intensive work in compulsory work positions, which has impact on fatigue of various muscle groups
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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