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FIGURE 1. Impatiens keralensis A in Two new epiphytic species of Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) from the southern Western Ghats, India
No full textFIGURE 1. Impatiens keralensis A) Habit. B) Abaxial view of leaf. C) Flower. D) Lateral view of flower. E) Papillose close-up view on wing petals. F) Bract. G) Dorsal petal. H) Lateral sepal. I) Wing petals. J) Lower sepal and spur. K) Androecium. L) Fruit. (Photographs by T. S. Saravanan)Published as part of Saravanan, Thokuluva Santharam & Kaliamoorthy, Seventhilingam, 2022, Two new epiphytic species of Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) from the southern Western Ghats, India, pp. 107-114 in Phytotaxa 552 (1) on page 109, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.552.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/667313
Impatiens kurichiarmalayana Saravanan & Kaliamoorthy 2022, sp. nov.
No full textImpatiens kurichiarmalayana Saravanan & Kaliamoorthy, sp. nov. (Figure 2) Impatiens kurichiarmalayana is similar to I. mankulamensis K. M. P. Kumar, R. Jagad. & Nagaraj (2017: 281) and I. panduranganii K. M. P. Kumar, R. Jagad. & G. Prasad (2017: 285) in having common characters viz., rosulate leaves, umbellate cyme inflorescence, unequally bilobed wing petals and shorter basal lobes. But differs from I. mankulamensis by having ovate-lanceolate leaves (vs elliptic, lanceolate-oblanceolate in I. mankulamensis), lateral sepals white with dark purple tinges at the apex (vs white with brown tinges at tip in I. mankulamensis), dorsal petal white (vs pale purple in I. mankulamensis), presence of dorsal auricle (vs absence in I. mankulamensis) and absence of spur (vs present in I. mankulamensis); Impatiens kurichiarmalayana also differs from I. panduranganii by having white flowers with dark purple spot at the base of the wing petals (vs white with light purple dots in I. panduranganii), dorsal petal keeled at apex (vs not keeled in I. panduranganii), distal lobe spreading and broadly obovate (vs not spreading and shoe shaped in I. panduranganii), lower sepal white with yellow mark at middle and dark brown streaks horizontally (vs white with yellow tinges in I. panduranganii) (Table 2). Type:— INDIA. Kerala: Wayanad District, Kurichiarmala Reserve Forest, 11º36’2”N, 75º57’57”E, 1200–1320 m, 11 December 2019, Saravanan & Kaliamoorthy 136030 (holotype & isotype MH!). Epiphytic tuberous herbs. Stem simple, erect, to 19.5 cm tall, succulent, yellowish green in lower portion, distally reddish purple, leaves bearing portion greenish, glabrous. Tubers ca 0.9 × 0.5 cm, oblong, pale brownish white. Leaves crowned at top; lamina 0.9–2.6 × 0.4–1.2 cm, elliptic-ovate to lanceolate, obtuse or apiculate to retuse at apex, attenuate at base, apiculate-crenate at margins, light green and hairy only on nerves adaxially, purplish green and glabrous abaxially; lateral nerves 3–4 pairs; petioles 1.1–2.5 cm long, purplish, glabrous. Inflorescence a subumbellate racemes; peduncle 7.5–9.7 cm long, 3–4-flowered, dark purplish red, glabrous. Flowers 1.7–1.9 cm across, white with dark purple spots at base of distal and basal lobes, glabrous; pedicels ca 0.9 cm long, purplish green, glabrous; bracts ca 0.4 × 0.1 cm, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate and mucronate at apex, concave, pale greenish with purple lines, glabrous; lateral sepals ca 0.5 × 0.2 cm, elliptic-oblong, acuminate and mucronate at apex, slightly concave, mid nerve pale purplish with dark purple apex; dorsal petal ca 0.6 × 0.3 cm, broadly ovate-orbicular, obtuse, concave, margins wavy, dorsally keeled; keel mucronate at apex; mucro ca 0.1 cm long; wing petals unequally 2-lobed, 1.5–1.7 × 0.5–0.7 cm; claw 0.3–0.4 cm long, glabrous; basal lobe much smaller than distal lobe, ca 0.5 × 0.2 cm, triangular-ovate in outline, acute-acuminate at apex; distal lobe ca 1.2 × 0.5 cm, broadly obovate, obtuse to truncate at apex, notched towards inner side much below the apex; dorsal auricle ca 0.1 cm long, triangular, obtuse at apex, yellowish; lower sepal saccate, ca 0.6 × 0.4 cm, ca 0.2–0.3 cm deep, ovate, obtuse and mucronate at apex, white with yellowish mark at middle, and dark purple streaks horizontally; spur absent; stamens ca 0.4 × 0.2 cm, slightly curved; filaments 5, ca 0.3 × 0.1 cm, creamy white; anthers ca 0.1 × 0.1 cm; ovary ca 0.2 × 0.1 cm, glabrous. Capsules 0.7–1.0 × 0.2–0.3 cm, ellipsoid-clavate, greenish, glabrous; seeds minute, 0.1 cm long, sub-globose, pale yellow, with short white hairs scattered all over the surface. Phenology:—Flowering & fruiting: June–September. Ecology:—Growing on moss covered wet tree trunks in evergreen forests, in association with Bulbophyllum fischeri Seidenf. (1974: 202), Eria albiflora Rolfe (1893: 170) and Oberonia brunoniana Wight (1851: 1622), at an elevation of 1319 m. Conservation Status:— Impatiens kurichiarmalayana is only known from the type locality with about 10–15 mature individuals. The population is well conserved within the boundaries of protected forest areas. However, considering the lesser number of individuals in a single population size distributed in an area of hardly 0.3 km, the species described here is assessed as Critically Endangered (CE) by applying the criterion d (IUCN 2019). Etymology:—The specific epithet is named after the type locality, Kurichiarmala evergreen forests, Wayanad district, Kerala, India. Notes:— Impatiens kurichiarmalayana shows also similarities with I. travancorica Bedd. (1874: 29), in having a rosulate leaves, sub-umbellate raceme inflorescence, white flowers with dark purple patches near the base of the wing petals, sub-globose seeds with short hairs all over, but differs by its habit (Epiphytic tuberous herbs in I. kurichiarmalayana vs annual herbs in I. travancorica), size and shape of the lateral sepals (elliptic-oblong in I. kurichiarmalayana vs obliquely ovate in I. travancorica), dorsal petal (broadly ovate-orbicular in I. kurichiarmalayana vs cucullate in I. travancorica), dorsal auricle (present in I. kurichiarmalayana vs absent in I. travancorica) and spur (absent in I. kurichiarmalayana vs present in I. travancorica).Published as part of Saravanan, Thokuluva Santharam & Kaliamoorthy, Seventhilingam, 2022, Two new epiphytic species of Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) from the southern Western Ghats, India, pp. 107-114 in Phytotaxa 552 (1) on pages 110-111, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.552.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/667313
Impatiens keralensis Saravanan & Kaliamoorthy 2022, sp. nov.
No full textImpatiens keralensis Saravanan & Kaliamoorthy, sp. nov. (Figure 1) Impatiens keralensis is closely allied to I. modesta Wight (1837: 13) and I. mohana Ratheesh, Sujana & Anil Kumar (2012: 282) in having common characters of a scapigerous tuberous habit, radical leaves, ovate-cordate lamina, unequally trilobed wing petals, and a blunt spur. But differs from I. modesta by having multicellular trichomes on adaxial leaf surfaces (vs unicellular hairs on adaxial leaf surfaces in I. modesta), short petioles (vs long petioles in I. modesta), short scapes (vs long scapes in I. modesta) and 3–6-flowered inflorescence (vs many flowered inflorescence in I. modesta), white flowers (vs pinkish/whitish in I. modesta), pedicels longer than flowers, lateral united petals white with yellowish purple papillose at the base of mid-lobe (vs yellowish with a tuft of purple hairs in I. modesta), and basal lobes emarginate at apex (vs obtuse in I. modesta); Impatiens keralensis also differ from I. mohana by having multicellular trichomes on adaxial on leaf surface (vs multicellular trichomes on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces in I. mohana), spinose at margins (vs absence of spinose in I. mohana), glabrous petiole (vs trichomatous in I. mohana), and white flowers (vs deep pinkish in I. mohana) (Table 1). Type:— INDIA. Kerala: Wayanad District, Kurichiarmala Reserve Forest, 11º36’1”N, 75º57’59”E, 1100–1320 m, 11 December 2019, Saravanan & Kaliamoorthy 136020 (holotype MH!). Scapigerous, tuberous acaulescent, epiphytic herbs, 5–10 cm tall. Tubers sub-globose, 0.8 × 0.7 cm, brownish white. Stem-less. Leaves radical, 2-3 per tuber, 1.5–4.2 × 1.0– 3.5 cm, broadly ovate to cordate in outline, deeply cordate to auriculate-cordate at base, crenate-serrate and spinose at margins, obtuse at apex, adaxially covered with multicellular white trichomes, greenish; abaxially glabrous, pale purplish green, with 3-4 pairs of lateral nerves; petioles 1.9–3.3 cm long, pale reddish with purple streaks, glabrous. Inflorescence racemose; peduncle longer than the leaves, ca 6.5 cm long, 3–6-flowered, glabrous, terete, pale reddish with purple streaks; Flowers 0.6–0.8 cm across, white; bracts 0.3 × 0.1 cm, slightly falcate, obtuse at apex, glabrous, green with purple streaks, thick and fleshy; pedicel longer than the flowers, ca 1.3 cm long, filiform, pale reddish with purple streaks, glabrous; lateral sepals 0.2 × 0.1 cm, obliquely oblong, obtuse at apex, glabrous; dorsal petal ca 0.2 × 0.2 cm, concave, orbicular to reniform, obtuse at apex, forming a hood above the androecium, dorsally humped at base, glabrous; wing petals free, unequally 3-lobed, 1.4–1.5 × 0.6–0.8 cm, white with a tuft of deep yellowish purple papillose at the base of mid-lobe; basal lobe ca 0.7 × 0.2 cm, oblong, broadest at the middle, slightly up-curved, emarginate at apex; mid-lobe ca 0.5 × 0.2 cm, oblong, obtuse to truncate at apex; distal lobe ca 0.7 × 0.2 cm, oblong, obtuse to truncate at apex; dorsal auricle absent; lower sepal ca 0.3 × 0.2 cm, ovate, obtuse at apex, concave, white, 0.1 cm deep, glabrous; spur ca 0.3 × 0.1 cm, straight, white, glabrous; stamens ca 0.2 cm long, curved; filaments ca 5, 1.3 mm long, narrow and free at base, fused and broad at apex, light pink to white; anthers 5, ca 1.0 × 0.4 mm, white, cohering above the pistil; pistil ca 1.2 × 0.3 mm; ovary broadly obclavate to ellipsoid, glabrous. Capsules 0.5–0.8 cm long, broadly ellipsoid, greenish, glabrous; seeds minute, comose with tuft of hairs at both ends. Phenology:—Flowering & fruiting: August–November. Ecology:—Growing on moss covered wet tree trunks in evergreen forests, along with Impatiens veerapazhasii Ratheesh, Sujanapal & Meera (2011: 154), Oberonia bicornis Lindl. (1830: 16) and Oberonia swaminathanii Ratheesh, Manudev & Sujanapal (2010: 713), at an elevation of 1310 m. Conservation Status:— Impatiens keralensis is only known from the type locality with about 10–12 mature individuals. The population is well conserved within the boundaries of protected forest areas. However, considering the lesser number of individuals in a single population size distributed in an area of hardly 0.3 km, the species described here is assessed as Critically Endangered (CE) by applying the criterion d (IUCN 2019). Etymology:—The species is named after the Kerala state, India, where the type locality is present. Notes:— Impatiens keralensis is also allied to I. dendricola C. E. C. Fisch. (1935:157), in having a tuberous scapigerous epiphytic habit, radical leaves, flowers in racemose scapes, white flowers and presence of spur, but differs in the size and shape of the bract (slightly falcate in Impatiens keralensis vs ovate in I. dendricola), lateral sepals (obliquely oblong in Impatiens keralensis vs asymmetrically ovate in I. dendricola), dorsal petal (obtuse at apex in Impatiens keralensis vs retuse at apex in I. dendricola), wing petals (papillose at the base of mid-lobe in Impatiens keralensis vs hairs at the base in I. dendricola), spur (straight in Impatiens keralensis vs clavate in I. dendricola), and dorsal auricle (absent in Impatiens keralensis vs present in I. dendricola).Published as part of Saravanan, Thokuluva Santharam & Kaliamoorthy, Seventhilingam, 2022, Two new epiphytic species of Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) from the southern Western Ghats, India, pp. 107-114 in Phytotaxa 552 (1) on pages 107-110, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.552.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/667313
Osbeckia yercaudensis Saravanan & Kaliamoorthy 2023, sp. nov.
No full textOsbeckia yercaudensis Saravanan & Kaliamoorthy, sp. nov. (Figure 1) Osbeckia yercaudensis is morphologically close to Osbeckia mehrana Giri & Nayar and Osbeckia wightiana Bentham ex Wight & Arnott in being perennial woody shrubs with ovate lamina and bracts, pentamerous flowers, campanulate hypanthium and capsule, obovate, pink to purple petals. However, Osbeckia yercaudensis differs from O. mehrana in its height (up to 60 cm tall vs 3 m tall), size of the leaves (0.9–2.4 × 0.6–1.6 cm vs 1.5–4.6 × 0.8–3.0 cm), inflorescence (2–3-flowered terminal cymes vs 5–7-flowered terminal or axillary panicles), sepals (oblong to slightly falcate, irregularly emarginate apex vs triangular, acute apex), style (2.1 cm long vs 1.2–1.7 cm long) and seeds (cochleate or U shaped, minutely toothed vs curved, muricate). It also shows similarities with O. wightiana, but differs by its height (up to 60 cm tall vs up to 3 m tall), size of the leaves (0.9–2.4 × 0.6–1.6 cm vs 3.1–7.1 × 2.1–3.5 cm), inflorescence (2–3-flowered terminal cymes vs 3–7-flowered terminal cymes), sepals (oblong to slightly falcate, apex with long white hairs vs subulate, apex with stellate emergences), style (2.1 cm long vs 1.1–1.5 cm long), and seeds (cochleate or U shaped vs curved) (Table 1). Type:— INDIA. Tamil Nadu: Salem District, Yercaud, Shevaroy Hills, MALCO mines, 11º49’17”N, 78º13’29”E, 1350–1540 m, 20 December 2021, Saravanan & Kaliamoorthy 136010 (holotype MH!; isotypes MH!). Erect, perennial shrubs, up to 60 cm tall. Stems woody, branched, sub-quadrangular, densely covered with patent, long, ascending brown hairs in younger branches, greenish; mature branches glabrous due to hairs falling off, brownish. Leaves simple, opposite, petiolate, greenish when young, brownish at maturity; lamina ovate, acute at apex, obtuse at base, 0.9–2.4 × 0.6–1.6 cm, margins ciliate, 5-nerved (prominent beneath), both surfaces densely covered with ascending to patent, thin, long hairs (0.3 cm long); petioles 0.6 cm long, densely covered with long ascending hairs. Inflorescence 2–3-flowered terminal cymes, subtended by a pair of leaves. Flowers pentamerous, pedicellate; bracts broadly ovate, acute at apex, obtuse at base, 0.8 × 0.9 cm, margins ciliate, dorsally covered with long ascending hairs; pedicels 0.7 cm long, densely covered with ascending to patent, thin, long hairs. Hypanthium 1.2 cm length × 1.5 cm diameter, campanulate, densely covered with stellate, stalked emergences; intersepalar emergences 0.3 cm long, stalked, stalk terete with many patent long hairs, head disc-like with stellate long patent hairs, persistent in fruits. Sepals oblong to slightly falcate, apex irregularly emarginate with a tuft of long hairs, base truncate, 0.7 × 0.3 cm, margins ciliate, prominently 1-nerved with many patent hairs confined to nerves on dorsal surface. Petals obovate, 2.8 × 2.5 cm, pink to purple, margins ciliate, caducous. Stamens 10, equal; filaments 1.1 cm long, pale yellow, glabrous; anthers 0.9 cm long, narrowly ovate to oblong, twisted, pore oblique on ventral side at the apex, yellow; connective prolonged into a small, indistinctly lobed collar. Ovary 5-locular, adnate to hypanthium for about half of the length, 0.9 cm long, densely covered with long white hairs; style 2.1 cm long, glabrous, slightly curved; stigma green, capitate, papillose. Capsules 1.1 × 1.0 cm, campanulate; seeds 0.1 cm long, numerous, cochleate or U shaped, margins minutely toothed, pale straw-coloured when young, blackish at maturity. Phenology:—Flowering & fruiting: September–February. Ecology:—Occurs at borders of semi evergreen forests and in rock crevices, in association with Alstonia venenata Brown (1810: 64), Bauhinia purpurea Linnaeus (1753: 375), Crotalaria longipes Wight &Arnott (1834a: 183), Psydrax dicoccos Gaertner (1788: 125), Solanum myriacanthum Dunal (1813: 218) etc., between 1350–1540 m elevation. Conservation Status:— Osbeckia yercaudensis is only known from the type locality with about 15–20 individuals in an area of about 1 km 2. However, the present habitat is prone to forest fires and faces threats from grazing, mining and other anthropogenic factors. Due to its rarity and threats to the habitat, the species falls under the category Critically Endangered (CR B1 ab (i, ii, v); 2ab (i, ii, iv); D) in accordance with the IUCN guidelines (IUCN 2019). Etymology:—The species is named after the type locality, Yercaud, Salem District in Tamil Nadu, India.Published as part of Saravanan, Thokuluva Santharam & Kaliamoorthy, Seventhilingam, 2023, Osbeckia yercaudensis (Melastomataceae) a new species from the Eastern Ghats, India, pp. 292-296 in Phytotaxa 583 (3) on pages 292-295, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.583.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/762155
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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