1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Monitoring of microplastics in environmental samples and study of their interaction with organic pollutants
No full textThe release of polymeric residues into the natural environment leads to their fragmentation into smaller pieces due to the action of natural forces to which they are exposed. Polymeric residues that fall within the size range of 0.001–5 mm are referred to as microplastics. Microplastics have the ability to enter the water cycle. As a result, they disperse into aquatic ecosystems and interact with co-existing pollutants in these environments. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was: (i) to monitor the abundance of microplastics in three different environmental substrates: sand sediments, seawater, and effluent streams from wastewater treatment plants, and (ii) to study the interaction of microplastics with common organic pollutants under environmental conditions. Regarding the results obtained from the first part of the thesis, it was revealed that: (i) in most cases, fibers were the dominant shape of the identified microplastics, (ii) the polymers polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), and polyamide were detected in each substrate examined, (iii) industrial and fishing activities have a greater impact on the release of microplastics into the environment compared to other human activities, and (iv) the transport of microplastics within the studied substrates was confirmed, which results from the physicochemical characteristics of the identified microplastics. In the second part of the thesis, three common polymers (polypropylene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(lactic acid)) and seven common pharmaceutical compounds (metronidazole, trimethoprim, isoniazid, indomethacin, valsartan, diclofenac, ketoprofen) were selected to conduct experiments on the interaction between microplastics and organic pollutants occurring in the environment. This part included adsorption and photodegradation experiments of the target compounds in mixture form using the aforementioned polymers, which were examined individually. Observing the results obtained from the adsorption experiments, it was found that the main adsorption mechanisms between microplastics and the compounds were electrostatic forces and hydrophobic interactions. Consequently, compounds such as diclofenac, valsartan, and indomethacin were more strongly adsorbed onto the surface of microplastics due to their high polarity. Furthermore, aged microplastics demonstrated higher adsorption capacity compared to virgin ones for the compounds studied. Additionally, microplastics showed lower adsorption capacity in real environmental matrices compared to their capacity in distilled water. Finally, from the results obtained in the study of selected microplastics acting as photosensitizers, it was found that: (i) increasing the concentration of microplastics increases the photolytic degradation of pollutants, (ii) microplastics with a higher degree of aging showed greater photocatalytic activity compared to pristine ones, (iii) poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) microplastics exhibited greater pollutant photodegradation capacity due to having more reactive oxygen groups on their polymer chains, and (iv) the photolytic action of microplastics had a stronger effect on pharmaceutical compounds that are not capable of photodegradation on their own. In summary, the results of this thesis highlighted the significant presence of microplastics in the aquatic environment and their potential to act either as carriers or as potential photosensitizers for organic pollutants that coexist with them in aquatic ecosystems.Η απελευθέρωση πολυμερικών υπολειμμάτων στο φυσικό περιβάλλον, οδηγεί στον κατακερματισμό τους σε κομμάτια μικρότερου μεγέθους λόγω της επίδρασης των φυσικών δυνάμεων στις οποίες εκτίθενται. Τα πολυμερικά υπολείμματα που εντάσσονται στην τάξη μεγέθους μεταξύ 0.001 – 5 mm, ονομάζονται μικροπλαστικά. Τα μικροπλαστικά έχουν την δυνατότητα να εισέλθουν στον κύκλο του νερού. Αποτέλεσμα αυτού είναι η διασπορά τους στα υδάτινα οικοσυστήματα και η αλληλοεπίδραση τους με συνυπάρχοντες ρύπους σε αυτά. Συνεπώς, στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής ήταν: (ⅰ) η παρακολούθηση της αφθονίας των μικροπλαστικών σε τρία διαφορετικά περιβαλλοντικά υποστρώματα: τα ιζήματα άμμου, το θαλασσινό νερό και τα ρεύματα εκροής βιολογικού καθαρισμού και (ⅱ) η μελέτη της αλληλεπίδρασης των μικροπλαστικών με κοινούς οργανικούς ρύπους υπό περιβαλλοντικές συνθήκες. Σχετικά με τα αποτελέσματα που εξήχθησαν από το πρώτο σκέλος της διατριβής αποκαλύφθηκε ότι: (ⅰ) στις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις οι ίνες ήταν το κυρίαρχο σχήμα των ταυτοποιημένων μικροπλαστικών, (ⅱ) τα πολυμερή πολυπροπυλένιο, πολυαιθυλένιο, πολυ(τερεφθαλικός αιθυλενεστέρας) και πολυαμίδιο ανιχνεύθηκαν σε κάθε εξεταζόμενο υπόστρωμα (ⅲ) οι βιομηχανικές και οι αλιευτικές δραστηριότητες έχουν μεγαλύτερο αντίκτυπο στην απελευθέρωση των μικροπλαστικών στο περιβάλλον σε σχέση με άλλες ανθρωπογενείς δραστηριότητες ενώ (ⅳ) αποδείχθηκε η μεταφορά μικροπλαστικών εντός των εξεταζόμενων υποστρωμάτων η οποία προκύπτει από τα φυσικοχημικά χαρακτηριστικά των ταυτοποιημένων μικροπλαστικών. Στο δεύτερο σκέλος της διατριβής επιλέχθηκαν τρία κοινά πολυμερή (πολυπροπυλένιο, πολυ(τερεφθαλικός αιθυλενεστέρας), πολύ(γαλακτικό οξύ)) και επτά κοινές φαρμακευτικές ενώσεις (μετρονιδαζόλη, τριμεθοπρίμη, ισονιαζίδη, ινδομεθακίνη, βαλσαρτάνη, δικλοφαινάκη, κετοπροφαίνη) για τη διεξαγωγή των πειραμάτων αλληλεπίδρασης των μικροπλαστικών με οργανικούς ρύπους που συντελούνται στο περιβάλλον. Το σκέλος αυτό περιλάμβανε πειράματα προσρόφησης και φωτοαποικοδόμησης των ενώσεων-στόχων σε μορφή μείγματος από τα προαναφερόμενα πολυμερή που εξετάστηκαν ξεχωριστά. Παρατηρώντας τα αποτελέσματα που εξήχθησαν από τα πειράματα προσρόφησης προέκυψε ότι οι κύριοι μηχανισμοί προσρόφησης που έλαβαν χώρα μεταξύ των μικροπλαστικών και των ενώσεων ήταν οι ηλεκτροστατικές δυνάμεις και οι υδρόφοβες αντιδράσεις. Συνεπώς, ενώσεις όπως η δικλοφαινάκη, η βαλσαρτάνη, και η ινδομεθακίνη προσροφήθηκαν περισσότερο στην επιφάνεια των μικροπλαστικών λόγω της έντονης πολικότητά τους. Ακόμη, τα γηρασμένα μικροπλαστικά έδειξαν αυξημένη ικανότητα προσρόφησης εν συγκρίσει με τα μη γηρασμένα για τις εξεταζόμενες ενώσεις. Επιπλέον, τα μικροπλαστικά επέδειξαν χαμηλότερη προσροφητική ικανότητα σε πραγματικά υποστρώματα σε σχέση με την προσροφητική τους ικανότητα στο απεσταγμένο νερό. Τέλος, από τα αποτελέσματα που εξήχθησαν από την μελέτη των επιλεγμένων μικροπλαστικών να δρουν ως φωτοευαισθητοποιητές προέκυψε ότι: (ⅰ) η αύξηση της συγκέντρωσης των μικροπλαστικών, αυξάνει την φωτολυτική διάσπαση των ρύπων, (ⅱ) τα μεγαλύτερου βαθμού γήρανσης μικροπλαστικά επέδειξαν αυξημένη φωτοκαταλυτική ικανότητα εν συγκρίσει με τα μη γηρασμένα, (ⅳ) τα μικροπλαστικά πολύ(γαλακτικού οξέος) και πολυ(τερεφθαλικού αιθυλενεστέρα), επέδειξαν μεγαλύτερη ικανότητα φωτοαποικοδόμησης των ρύπων λόγων των περισσότερων δραστικών ομάδων οξυγόνου που διέθεταν στην πολυμερική τους αλυσίδα και (ⅴ) η επίδραση της φωτολυτικής δράσης των MPs ήταν εντονότερη στις φαρμακευτικές ενώσεις που δεν φωτοαποικοδομούνται από μόνες τους. Συνοψίζοντας, τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας διατριβής υπογράμμισαν την έντονη παρουσία των μικροπλαστικών στο υδάτινο περιβάλλον, και την δυνατότητά τους να δρουν είτε ως μεταφορείς είτε ως πιθανοί φωτοευαισθητοποιητές για οργανικούς ρύπους που συνυπάρχουν με αυτά στα υδάτινα οικοσυστήματα
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
