198,140 research outputs found
Adsorption of cadmium (II) by using clays modified with ultrasound
No full textWOS: 000473124300004The aim of this study is to investigate the Cd(II) adsorption from aqueous solutions with raw and ultrasound clay samples. In the batch experiments, effect of the some parameters such as contact time, pH levels, temperature, stirring rate on the adsorption were investigated. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the clay samples increased from 28.5 m(2)/g to 52.7 m(2)/g result of ultrasound modification. Adsorption systems were best described with pseudo second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. It was determined that the maximum adsorption capacity of the ultrasound modified clay samples is higher compared to raw clay samples. It was determined that the optimum pH value is 6, and the optimum stirring speed is 250 rpm for the adsorption. Adsorption for modified and raw clay samples increased significantly with increasing system temperature which revealed the endothermic nature of the adsorption
M?tur?d? Theologian Ab? Ish?q al-Z?hid al-Saff?r?s Vindication of the Kal?m
No full textEb? ?sh?k es-Saff?r, M?t?r?d??nin (?. 333/944) kel?m anlay???n? benimseyen Bat? Karahanl?lar d?nemi ?limlerinden birisidir. Telh?s??l-edille ve Ris?le fi?l-kel?m adl? kitaplar?n?n i?eri?i, kulland??? y?ntem ile Osmanl? ve Arap ?limlerce eserlerine yap?lan at?flar, onun ?nemli bir M?t?r?d? kel?mc?s? oldu?unu g?sterir. Bu ?al??mada, onun kel?m m?d?faas? konu edilmektedir. Saff?r, Tel????e kel?m ilminin adland?r?lmas?, ?nemi ve dinen me?r?lu?u konusunda uzun bir giri? yazarak bu ilmin ??renilmesi gerekti?ini savunmu?tur. Sistematik kel?m m?dafaas? incelendi?inde, Saff?r??n Hanefi M?t?r?d?ler i?inde Kel?m ilminin savunulmas?na m?stakil ve hacimli bir b?l?m ay?ran ilk m?tekellim oldu?u anla??l?r. Sistemati?ini kendisi belirtmese de onun kel?m m?d?faas?n?n izah, ispat ve reddiye olmak ?zere ?? temele dayand??? anla??l?r. Saff?r??n bu ilmi ?srarla m?dafaa etmesi, V. (XI.) ve VI. (XII.) y?zy?llarda M?ver??nnehir?de kel?m kar??tl???n?n bulundu?unu g?sterir. Bu d?neminde Ash?b??l-hadis ve ?hv?n-? Safa, kel?ma kar?? cephe alan kesimlerdir. Bununla birlikte o, as?l olarak Hanef? f?k?h??lar?n?n kel?m kar??tl???n? a?maya ?al??maktad?r. M?d?faas?n?, kar??s?ndaki g??l? bir muhalafete kar?? ortaya koydu?u i?in savunusu tutarl? ve ilm? derinli?e sahiptir.Ab? Ish?q al-?aff?r was one of scholars of the Western Qarakh?nids? period who followed the Kal?m thought of al-M?tur?d? (d. 333/944). His theological works Talkh?s al-adilla and Ris?la f? al-kal?m, his method in kal?m, and frequent reference to his works by Ottoman and Arab scholars indicate that al-?aff?r is a respected and authorative M?tur?d? theologian. The article focuses on his defense of the kal?m. By adding a long introduction to Talkh?s about the naming, importance, and religious legitimacy of the science of kal?m, Saff?r asserted that the kal?m should be learned. When systematical vindication of the science of kal?m is examined, it is understood that al-?aff?r is the first theologian who reserved a private and voluminous part for defensing the kal?m among ?anaf?-M?tur?d?s. Even though he does not state its systematic, it can be understood that vindication of kal?m in al-?aff?r divides into three parts as of explanation, demonstration and refutation. Al-?aff?r?s defending the science of kal?m shows that there were opposite thoughts against kal?m in the 4th/10th and 5th/11th centuries throughout in Transoxania. In this period A???b al-?ad?th and Ikhw?n al-?af?? were the opposite fronts of kal?m. In addition, he was trying to go beyond the oppositions of ?anaf? jurists. His vindication is consistent and has scholarly depth because it is able to be against a strong opposition.\ud
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SUMMARY: Ab? Ish?q Ibrah?m b. Ism?il Z?hid al-?aff?r al-Bukh?r? is a scholar belonging to the ?anaf? theological tradition which was improved by the contribution of ?anaf? theologians who used thinking system of Ab? ?an?fa (d. 150/767) as base and adopted Ab? Man??r al-M?tur?d? (d. 333/944) and his thoughts in historical process. The contents of his theological works Talkh?s al-adilla li-qaw??id al-taw??d and Ris?la f? al-Kal?m, the method that he used, and references to his works made by Ottoman and Arab scholars indicate that he is an important M?tur?d? theologian. The article focuses on his defense of the science of Kal?m.\ud
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In Talkh?s al-adilla, there are two sections including the subject of naming, and importance and necessity of Kal?m discipline. Here, the necessity of learning Kal?m and its value are defended in detail.\ud
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Besides, rumors ?Ab? ?an?fa turned away from the science of Kal?m in his doomsdays? and that ?He prohibited to make occupation with Kal?m completely? are evaluated.\ud
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When systematical vindication of the science of Kal?m is examined, it is understood that al-?aff?r is the first theologian who reserved a private and voluminous part for defensing the Kal?m among ?anaf? M?tur?d?s. Even if Ab? Man??r al-M?tur?d?, Ab? al-Yusr al-Bazdaw? (d. 493/1100) and Ab? Mu??n al-Nasaf? (d. 508/1115) defend that the science of Kal?m is not wrong for religion; yet, the vindication of Kal?m does not take a place under a separate title and in a detailed manner in any of M?tur?d? theologians works.\ud
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The method that al-?aff?r used when he is defending the science of Kal?m, differs from strategy of Ab? ?an?fa. While Ab? ?an?fa has mentioned that there is a need for the science of Kal?m under these new circumstances, al-?aff?r has defended theologians who were charged with being Ahl al-Bida?, by trying to prove that the prophets especially the Prophet Ibr?h?m, even the Companions of the Prophet Mu?ammad (?a??ba) and the Successors of the Companions (T?bi??n) scholars use their minds and make arguments in religious matters. In this respect, he emphasizes that the Qur??n orders to think and discuss gently, not to be stay in silence: ?And dispute with them, using what is best? (16.125-126). Therefore, he states that this discipline which took a mission to explain and defend the creed of Islam (?aq?da), cannot be characterized as an innovation (bid?ah) or illicit.\ud
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His vindication method can be defined as a more developed type of method that Abu?l-?asan al-Ash?ar??s (d. 324/935) used in Ris?la f? isti?s?n al-khaw? f? ?ilm al-kal?m. Even though he does not state its systematic, it can be understood that vindication of Kal?m in al-?aff?r divides into three parts as of explanation, demonstration and refutation:\ud
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a) Explanation: Explaining the necessity and importance of the science of Kal?m by giving information about its definition, names, value and place among other principles.\ud
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b) Demonstration: Revealing the religious basics of the science of Kal?m from the Qur??n, the Sunna of the Prophet Mu?ammad, the Companions of the Prophet, and the Successors of the Companions thus specifying that it is legitimate for religion.\ud
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c) Refutation: Replying the claims having aim to weaken the value of Kal?m principle and its religious legality.\ud
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Al-?aff?r describes ?the science of Kal?m? as ?Knowing the Real with the evidences which help to reach the absolute information?. By allocating the concept of '?aqq', he repeats the definition of Kal?m as ?it is to know God with certain evidences? in a part of his work, and ?it is to know the principles of religion (u??l al-d?n) with certain evidences? in another part. He describes Kal?m as ?Knowing ?aqq / God / u??l al-d?n by depending on evidence?, and tries to prove that it is wrong to consider a science which performs the stated duty, as illicit and abominable and thus turn away from it. \ud
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Al-?aff?r thinks that it is right to call this principle as ?Kal?m? because of the certain evidences leading to the truth that this science has used. This thought was defended by other theologians as well.\ud
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For example, according to Sa?d al-D?n Mas??d al-Taftaz?n? (d. 792/1310) it seems like to say ?This is the word (kal?m), not the other knowings? by the way of the power of evidences used in Kal?m.Thus, it is appropriate to give name Kal?m for this science which based on certain evidences.\ud
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Al-?aff?r?s explanations revealed in scope of vindication of the Kal?m are adopted by some of following scholars. ?us?m al-D?n al-Sighn?q? (d. 714/1314) in his book called al-Tasd?d shar? al-Tamh?d f? qaw??id al-taw??d quotes Saff?r?s explanations as the same.\ud
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Al-?aff?r indicates that the method told in the Qur??n is to reply questions about religion, beliefs and rejection instead of remaining in silence. The duty taken on by Kal?m is this vindication activity performed by the prophets whose examples are described in the Qur??n and which is legal and demanded. His way of thinking and vindication of the Kal?m resembles that of Ab? Man??r al-M?tur?d?. Al-M?tur?d? says, ?Prophets and we were ordered to invite infidels to Islam. When this invitation happens, the respondents will ask for evidence and explanation, and discussion will be inevitable. Therefore, discussing and talking about subjects of Kal?m is not objectionable?.\ud
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Thoughts of al-M?tur?d? and al-?aff?r regarding the vindication of the Kal?m were repeated by N?r al-D?n al-??b?n? (d. 580/1184), and Fakhr al-D?n al-R?z? (d. 606/1210) later. According to al-??b?n?, the evidences put against deniers and especially the discussion made by the Prophet Ibr?h?m to defend his own belief, prove the legality of Kal?m discipline. Likewise, according to al-R?z?, the duty of Kal?m is just an activity performed already in the Qur??n and ordered to the prophets. At this point of view, since the prophets were leading to Kal?m, banning this activity is nonsense.\ud
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According to al-?aff?r, the reason for why Abu Hanifa avoids his son Hamm?d from these discussions is that Abu Hanifa does not like discussions based on obstinate. Otherwise, it cannot be that Ab? ?an?fa prohibits to learn Kal?m and make discussion about Kal?m. According to him, this behavior of Ab? ?an?fa results from that people discussing with him are ignorant about the subject of Kal?m, discussion turns to an obstinate, and coming to an end of discussion seems impossible. This comment of al-?aff?r is quoted in Mift?? al-sa??da wa-mi?b?? al-siy?da by ?I??m al-D?n A?med b. Mu??af? Tashk?pr?z?de (d. 968/1561) and in Mina? al-raw? al-azhar f? shar? al-Fiqh al-akbar by ?Al? b. Sul??n Mu?ammad al-Q?r? (d. 1014/1606) as same as his words.\ud
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Al-?aff?r?s defending the science of Kal?m shows that there were opposite thoughts against Kal?m in the 4th/10th and 5th/11th centuries throughout in Transoxania.In this period A???b al-?ad?th and Ikhw?n al-?af?? were the opposite fronts of Kal?m. In addition, he was trying to go beyond the oppositions of ?anaf? jurists (fuqah??). Because some of the ?anaf? jurists thought that Ab? ?an?fa forsook occupation with the science of Kal?m and even he prohibited his son to have interest in this discipline. But some of ?anaf? theologians such as al-M?tur?d?, al-Nasaf? and al-?aff?r protested this thought which describes Ab? ?an?fa as a banner for Kal?m.\ud
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His vindication is consistent and has scholarly depth because it is able to be against a strong opposition.\ud
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His book Talkh?s al-adilla li-qaw??id al-taw??d is a unique source in terms of containing vindication of the Kal?m in detail and also influencing the approaches of the next period scholars
Tamoksifen kullan m nda kal n endometriumun de erlendirilmesi
No full textAmaç: Tamoxifen kullan m na ba l kal nla m endometriumun de erlendirilmesinde histeroskopinin yerini belirlemek. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tamoxifen kullan m olan hastalar ilk basamakta trans-vajinal ultrason (TVUS) ile de erlendirildi. Endometrial kal nla ma (5 mm) saptanan hastalar histeroskopi ve dilatasyon-küretaja (D&C) yönlendirildi. Çal maya östrojen reseptör pozitif meme kanseri olup en az 1 y ld r 20 mg/gün Tanoxifen kullanan 103 hasta üzerinde yap ld . TVUSda endometrial kal nla ma (5 mm) saptanan hastalar histeroskopik biyopsi ve dilatasyon-küretaja yönlendirildi. Endometrial kal nl k saptanan hastalar n D&C ve histeroskopik biyopsi sonuçlar de erlendirildi. Bulgular: Tamoxifen kullanan 103 hastan n 59 tanesinde endometrial kal nla ma saptand . Bu hastalar n 35 tanesinde D&Cde materyal elde edilerek patolojik tan kondu. Materyal elde edilemeyen 24 hasta histeroskopik biyopsiye yönlendirildi. Bu hastalar n 11 (%45,8) tanesinde endometrial polip saptand . Sonuç: Tamoxifen kullan m nda endometrial kal nl k saptanan hastalarda D&C tek ba na yeterli görünmemektedir. Histeroskopik biyopsi bu hastalar n de erlendirilmesinde ilk s rada dü ünülmelidir. J Turk Soc Obstet Gynecol 2014;4:215-8Objective: Aim of this study was to evaluate role of hysteroscopy in thickened endometrium (>5 mm) associated with tamoxifen therapy. Materials and Methods: We performed dilatation and curettage (D&C) and hysteroscopic biopsy to patients for evaluation of thickened endometrium in tamoxifen therapy. One hundred and nine asymptomatic patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer treated with tamoxifen 20 mg daily. We performed hysteroscopic biopsy or D&C to patients who have thickened endometrium at transvaginal sonography. We correlate pathology report results of D&C and hysteroscopic biopsy. Results: Fifty-nine of 103 patients have thickened endometrium.Thirty-five of 59 patients diagnosed with D&C (19 inactive endometrium, 15 endometrial polyp, 1 endometrial hyperplasia). D&C couldnt get material 24 of these patients. Hysteroscopic biopsy diagnosed endometrial polyp 11 (45.8%) of these patients. Conclusion: We can state that D&C does not seem accurate enough for detection of intrauterin pathologies in thickened endometrium associated with tamoxifen therapy. We therefore believe it is reasonable to perform hysteroscopic biopsy in asymptomatic tamoxifen treated patients who have thickened endometrium. J Turk Soc Obstet Gynecol 2014;4:215-
Elegia Adriani Van Royen, Quum Botanices Professionem Poneret, Publice Dicta IX. Kal. Junii M D CCLIV
No full textELEGIA ADRIANI VAN ROYEN, QUUM BOTANICES PROFESSIONEM PONERET, PUBLICE DICTA IX. KAL. JUNII M D CCLIV
Elegia Adriani Van Royen, Quum Botanices Professionem Poneret, Publice Dicta IX. Kal. Junii M D CCLIV (1)
Titelblatt (1)
Widmung (3)
Elegia (5)
Adriano van Royen ... Carmine (23)
Fotodokumentation (25
De Fontibus Exercitationem, Benevolis Suffragiis Inclytae In Alma Tiliarum Facultatis Philosophicae, Prioris Pro Loco In Eadem Impetrando Disputationis Materiem, III. Kal. Noverbr. Aer. Christian. M DC LIIX.
No full textDE FONTIBUS EXERCITATIONEM, BENEVOLIS SUFFRAGIIS INCLYTAE IN ALMA TILIARUM FACULTATIS PHILOSOPHICAE, PRIORIS PRO LOCO IN EADEM IMPETRANDO DISPUTATIONIS MATERIEM, III. KAL. NOVERBR. AER. CHRISTIAN. M DC LIIX.
De Fontibus Exercitationem, Benevolis Suffragiis Inclytae In Alma Tiliarum Facultatis Philosophicae, Prioris Pro Loco In Eadem Impetrando Disputationis Materiem, III. Kal. Noverbr. Aer. Christian. M DC LIIX. ([1])
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Personally and love in St Maximus ''Ambiguia'' and in max Scheler ''the nature of sympathy''
No full textTheology, philosophy and science: is there a meeting point? Cam these forms of knowledge come together in the Post-industrial era, the age of the computer? Is a critical unification of knowledge feasible? Man poses these questions when he gains self-knowledge. He raises these or similar questions when he realises that he constitutes a carrier of many various forms of knowledge. Man has been trying to unify his knowledge about cosmos, Man, God and society since ancient times. JJy means of his mental and critical abilities, Man has been trying to solve general, particular and existential problems unifying the fonns of know 1 edge. This effort mi\fle by Man, the unification of the forms of knowledge, is the starting point of the present study. This study tries to unify two forms of knowledge: the Theological and the Philosophical form and content of knowledge. It constitutes a reference to the work of two personalities, St.Maximus the Confessor and Max Scheler, which attempts to answer the question of "what is Man?". In particular, this study attempts, by means of a critical unification of forms of knowledge, to support that Man, each and every person as well as all person, is Personality and Love. It aims at contributing to the preservation of Man as a particular, unique an unparalleled Personality who develops the authenticity of human nature by means of the agapetic expression of existing. More specifically, it is maintained that Man, the human person, reaches his true and onto logical fulfilment by relating to human persons, to the Personal God and to the cosmos on the basis of love
Optimalisasi Model Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara (Mah?rah Kal?m) Santri Kelas X Pesantren Izzur Ris?lah Desa Sipapaga Mandailing Natal
No full textPenelitian pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemahiran siswa dalam keterampilan berbicara (maharah kal?m) bahasa Arab bagi santri kelas x Pesantren Izzur Ris?lah Desa Sipapaga Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Model pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memandu dan memudahkan siswa dalam melatih keterampilan berbicara (maharah kal?m) pada tema tertentu dengan berbagai model latihan berbicara secara integratif, antara lain latihan asosiasi dan identifikasi, latihan pola kalimat, latihan percakapan berupa tanya jawab, menghafal model dialog, percakapan terpimpin, dan percakapan bebas, bercerita, diskusi, wawancara, dan menonton film berbahasa Arab serta menggunakan media gambar dengan menggunakan teknik reka cerita
AMČR - projekt M-201300102
No full textStav: 6Podnět: Novostavba nepodsklepeného RD.Označení projektu: 84/13, Jiří Kal
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
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