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    The Religious Roots of Linguistic Nationalism

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    This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, nationalism is analysed as a kind of gnostic religion (in the sense given to this term by E. Voegelin). In the mind of their adherents, nations are ultimate realities in which the objective (fatalistic) and the subjective (voluntaristic) side of the historical process coincide. In the second part, it is argued that language, by its dialectical character, appears as the very incarnation of the nationalist ideal. The ensuing paradoxes of nationalist language policy are listed and briefly analysed: the equation of the language of culture with the language of everyday life; the equation of norm with use; the equation of object language with metalanguage; the equation of modernity with authenticity; and the equation of the national with the universal

    Das Paradox des Großinquisitors

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    Dostoyevsky's "Grand Inquisitor" is both a masterpiece of political philosophy and the confession of a tormented soul. Each level comes along with its own fundamental paradox. As a political philosopher, the Grand Inquisitor defends by way of rational reasoning the need for a religious basis of society. On a personal level, he sincerely confesses views that by their very nature make sincere communication impossible. The second paradox belongs to a family of paradoxes in which an act of communication undermines the conditions of its own possibility. It is also present in the final words of Ivan to his brother Aleksej as they prepare to leave the tavern

    Von εἴπερ zu понкже. Zur Wiedergabe polyphoner Rede im Kirchenslavischen des 14. Jahrhunderts

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    In the second half of the 14th century, several anti-Latin treatises of the Byzantine theologians Gregory Palamas and Barlaam the Calabrian were translated from Greek into Church Slavonic. To understand these highly sophisticated, polemical texts properly, the reader must assess not only the propositional content but also the argumentative force of each separate statement. The translators had great difficulties preserving the subtle interplay of different argumentative positions found in the original treatises. This is illustrated by the interpretation of a particular passage (a patristic quotation adduced in support of the Orthodox view) and the analysis of the translation equivalents of εἴπερ ‘if really': depending on the content of the conditional clause (conceded or merely assumed), the translator renders εἴπερ by понкже ‘because' or λψθ ‘if'. The translation thus silences the voice, present in the Greek original, of somebody willing to suspend his disaccord with a theological statement in order to examine its logical consequence

    Smerdjakov’s Suicide Note

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    Smerdjakov’s Suicide Not
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