160,977 research outputs found
Sociální učení ghanských pěstitelů kakaa: Vybírání optimálního množství vstupů
No full textTato práce zkoumá, jakými způsoby se farmáři pěstující kakao v Ghaně učí o možnostech využití nových technologií. Těmito technologiemi jsou zde myšleny technické vstupy, zejména hnojiva a hybridní semena. Dosavadní výzkum se zabýval převážně způsoby, kterými se farmáři učí o výnosech spjatých s využitím těchto inovativních vstupů. Nicméně, není zcela jasné, zda se farmáři učí spíše o těchto výnosech, nebo o tom, jaké množství těchto vstupů je optimální použít. Tato práce se proto zabývá způsobem, jakým se farmáři rozhodují a učí o tom jaké je jejich optimální množství těchto vstupů. Pěstování kakaa vyžaduje využití značného množství lidské síly. Tato práce proto zkoumá způsoby učení se o nejen technických, ale i o lidských vstupech. Podobný výzkum z farem v Indii naznačuje, že vysoké rozdíly ve výnosech mezi farmáři způsobují, že se farmáři spoléhají spíše na vlastní úsudek, než na pozorování chování sousedních farmářů z jejich vesnice, tj. takzvané sociální učení. Mezi farmáři kakaa v Ghaně existují tyto velké rozdíly ve výnosech, což naznačuje, že se tito farmáři pravděpodobně řídí spíše vlastním úsudkem, než vypozorovaným chováním ostatních farmářů ze své vesnice. Využití ekonometrického modelu, který odhaduje převládající formu učení se o optimálním množství vstupů, ukazuje, že farmáři kakaa v Ghaně se...In this thesis I inspect learning about adoption of technologies among cocoa farmers in Ghana, which are represented by non-labor inputs, particularly by fertilizer and hybrid seeds. Earlier research focused mainly on learning about returns associated with adoption of such innovative inputs. However, it is not clear whether the adopters learn about these returns or rather about what are the optimal amounts of these inputs. Therefore the focus of this thesis is to examine how do the farmers choose and learn about optimal amounts of inputs. Cocoa farming is very labor intensive, and thus this thesis concentrates on learning about both non-labor and labor inputs, which are closely connected. Similar research carried out in India suggests that heterogeneous returns among farmers might cause that the farmers rely rather on their own considerations than on observation of behavior of their village neighbors, i.e. social learning. The heterogeneous returns are also present among the Ghanaian cocoa farmers, which suggest that these farmers should similarly prefer individual learning over the social one. Using a model developed for estimation of the prevailing type of learning about the optimal amount of inputs, I show that the farmers do tend to prefer individual learning in case of the non-labor inputs but rather...Institute of Economic StudiesInstitut ekonomických studiíFaculty of Social SciencesFakulta sociálních vě
The contribution of organised leisure-time activities in shaping positive community health practices among 13-and 15-year-old adolescents: Results from the health behaviours in school-aged children study in italy
No full textBackground and Objective: Participation in organised out-of-school leisure-time activities (OLTAs) has been shown to have a positive impact on community health practices and to lessen inequities in social and environmental opportunities among youths. According to the social capital theory, OLTAs foster bridging ties that allow individuals to forge new, wider-ranging social connections, increasing social integration and opportunities for identity-related exploration. This study aimed to describe participation in different types of OLTAs and its association with perceived life satisfaction, physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and drunkenness in a representative sample of youths. Methods: A representative sample of 11-, 13-and 15-year-old students (n = 47,799) was recruited throughout all Italian regions within the Italian 2013/2014 Health Behaviours in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Data were collected according to the HBSC study protocol. Participants were compared on outcomes according to OLTA participation type (i.e., non-sport, sport-only, and mixed vs. no-OLTA). In accordance with the study sampling procedures, hierarchical logistic regression models were used. Results: Participation in OLTAs was significantly associated with high life satisfaction in all ages (sport-only: odds ratio (OR) = 1.67, 1.48 and 1.55 for 11-13-and 15-year-olds; mixed: OR = 1.95, 1.60 and 1.45, respectively). Youths participating in OLTAs were more likely to meet physical activity recommendations and report lower rates of tobacco use and drunkenness. Conclusions: Participation in OLTAs showed a favourable impact on health behaviours. Thus, community organisations and clubs, whether supported by public investments, could contribute to the enhancement of beneficial health practices, by engaging and serving the community as a whole and further reducing inequities in both social and environmental opportunities
Severe and moderate seasonal influenza epidemics among Italian healthcare workers: A comparison of the excess of absenteeism
No full textBackground: This study aims to quantify the excess of sickness absenteeism among healthcare workers (HCWs), to estimate the impact of a severe versus moderate influenza season and to determine whether the vaccination rates are associated with reduced sickness absence. Methods: We investigated the excess absenteeism that occurred in a large Italian hospital, 5300 HCWs, during the severe influenza season of 2017/2018 and compared it with three moderate flu seasons (2010/2013). Data on influenza vaccinations and absenteeism were obtained from the hospital's databases. The data were split into two periods: the epidemic, from 42 to 17 weeks, and non-epidemic, defined as 18 to 41 weeks, which was used as the baseline. We stratified the absenteeism among HCWs in multiple variables. Results: Our study showed an increased absenteeism among HCWs during the epidemic period of severe season in comparison with non-epidemic periods, the absolute increase correlated with a relative increase of 70% (from 4.05 to 6.68 days/person). Vaccinated HCWs had less excess of absenteeism in comparison with non-vaccinated HCWs (1.74 vs 2.71 days/person). The comparison with the moderate seasons showed a stronger impact on HCW sick absenteeism in the severe season (+0.747days/person, P =.03), especially among nurses and HCWs in contact with patients (+1.53 P <.01; +1.19 P <.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, a severe influenza epidemic has greater impacts on the absenteeism among HCWs than a moderate one. Although at a low rate, a positive effect of vaccination on absenteeism is present, it may support healthcare facilities to recommend vaccinations for their workers
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Larry O. Spencer, Conference Author Presentation
No full textGen. Larry O. Spencer, USAF (Ret.), author of Dark Horse: A Journey from the Horseshoe to the Pentago
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1902-1907
No full textIn this second volume of Author Under Sail Jay Williams investigates the life of Jack London as a professional writer at the turn of the 1900s, as his publications spanned The Call of the Wild to The Iron Heel and The Road. While documenting key life events, especially his rising fame, this biography explores London's necessity to illustrate the inner workings of his own vast imagination through his socialist essays and fiction.Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Howl, O Heav'nly Muse! -- 2. Jesus in the Theater of Socialism -- 3. Jack London's Place in American Literature -- 4. Theater of War, Theater at Home -- 5. Revolution, Evolution, and the Scene of Writing -- 6. The Jack London Show Goes on the Road -- 7. Red Atavisms and Revolution -- 8. Earthquake Apocalypse and Building the City, Boat, and House Beautiful -- 9. The Future of Socialism and the Death of the Individual -- 10. The Road Never Ends -- Notes -- Bibliography -- IndexIn this second volume of Author Under Sail Jay Williams investigates the life of Jack London as a professional writer at the turn of the 1900s, as his publications spanned The Call of the Wild to The Iron Heel and The Road. While documenting key life events, especially his rising fame, this biography explores London's necessity to illustrate the inner workings of his own vast imagination through his socialist essays and fiction.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
اسلم کولسری کی غزل:بیان و بدیع کے تناظر میں: ASLAM KOLSARY’S GHAZAL IN THE LIGHT OF BIAN-O-BADIE
No full textAslam kolsari is new significant and potentially well-known personality for contributing to modern Urdu ghazal. Being a mindful and multidimensional literary figure he has specific fame in poetry. A distinguish diction in poetry is individuality specifically connected with his name. His ghazal contains all attributes of Research and criticism. Communication of an ordinary concept in his poetry is reflection of Aslam kolasri. In this article the author has explored how poetic characteristics distinguished Aslam kolsari
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