1,720,979 research outputs found
The Magdalen life course: the lives of the inmates of the Clewer and Salisbury Houses of Mercy, 1830-1900
Get PDFThis thesis investigates the life course trajectories of women admitted to the Clewer (Berkshire) and Salisbury (Wiltshire) Houses of Mercy between 1848 and 1881. The Clewer and Salisbury Houses of Mercy were Magdalen asylums, residential institutions which sought to reform and rehabilitate “fallen” women through a two-year course of religious instruction and laundry- and needlework.
Centrally, the thesis reconstructs the life courses of the Magdalen inmates through an innovative methodology that links the admission and other institutional records to the censuses, welfare and criminal justice records, and vital documents. Using detailed institutional records, the linking method goes beyond using name, age, and birthplace, systematically enriching individual identifying information to make full use of the admission records. A further methodological contribution is that the resultant dataset and core quantitative backbone is complemented with detailed qualitative source material drawn from annual reports, committee minutes, and, most notably, inmate testimonies. Thus, the sum of knowledge from the different forms of evidence is far greater (and more robust) than are the individual parts.
Chapter 2 sets out the lives of women prior to their admission to the Clewer and Salisbury charities, broadly covering the ages from birth to their late teens. The women grew up in regional proximity to the Magdalen asylums, in areas where the rural economy had undergone significant convulsions, and employment prospects for women diminished. Inmates were both disproportionately eldest daughters and faced higher than average rates of parental mortality, with maternal mortality being particularly pronounced. This is most notable for those from rural settings. Inmates’ rates of institutionalisation began to deviate from population trends considerably in early adolescence, concomitant to entry to the labour market, which for the women who entered the Houses of Mercy meant domestic service. Domestic service exposed welfare vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities were principally related to the occupations’ precarity caused by tied housing and moral stringency of employers, which rendered courtship, sex, and service effectively incompatible.
Chapter 3 explores the admission process to the Clewer and Salisbury House of Mercy, their institutional development, and thus the effect on the experiences of the inmates. Charitable welfare users’ access to the Houses of Mercy was largely serendipitous with personal knowledge networks important, especially in the early years of the institutions. Channels through which women arrived at the gates of the institutions varied. The balance between religious instruction and labour carried out at the charities was contingent on their capacity to raise funds from their donors, and Clewer was particularly adept at this. As a consequence, the Clewer House of Mercy relied to a much smaller extent on inmate generated labour to raise funds than the Salisbury House of Mercy, where concerns about the disproportionate time allocation to laundry work surfaced. Available dietaries suggest clear nutritional benefits to entering the Houses of Mercy compared to Poor Law workhouses. Central to inmate retention was the offer of an institutionally-arranged domestic service placement after completion of the two-year penitential regime, but two-thirds of women left prior to completing the penitential course.
Chapter 4 sets out the lives of women following their departure from the Clewer and Salisbury Houses of Mercy. The charities sought to provide a structured framework within which women were to be reintegrated into society; what this should look like was still under discussion in the early 1850s. Plans for an emigration scheme to Australia were abandoned and instead women were to be reintegrated into society domestically in Britain. For between 10 to 20 per cent of inmates leaving the Houses of Mercy this meant transferring to another residential institution. Approximately, a further third departed for arranged domestic service positions, which typically were either based in wealthy private households or other charitable, medical, carceral, or statutory institutions. Rates of domestic service and institutionalisation moved in tandem; only when women left service did the risk of their institutionalisation decrease. However, around half of women simply left with around 20 per cent being enumerated with their parents one year after leaving the Houses of Mercy, indicative of high rates of community reintegration.
Existing literature on Magdalen asylums has been principally concerned with questions of institutional administration, sexuality, prostitution, and its regulation. This thesis approaches the topic from a welfare perspective, situating the charities and their inmates in a wider social, demographic, and economic context, thereby contributing to an emerging branch of historical social policy research. Overall, this thesis argues that Magdalen asylums responded to an existing welfare need that arose from gender-specific life-cycle welfare vulnerability. However, the welfare on offer, which essentially individualized welfare needs, failed to provide meaningful avenues for women to escape impoverishment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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