1,721,013 research outputs found
Die „Riesenhirschfundstelle" von Endingen: geowissenschaftliche und archäologische Untersuchungen an einem spätglazialen Fundplatz in Vorpommern
No full textVorgestellt werden Neuuntersuchungen
an einem 1899 beim Sandabbau entdeckten spätglazialen Fundplatz im Kr. Nordvorpommern. Die z. T. Bearbeitungsspuren aufweisenden Knochenartefakte stammen zum gröfsten Teil vom Elch, je einmal sind Riesenhirsch und Pferd vertreten. Lithische Artefakte sind
nicht überliefert. Der in das frühe Alleröd datierende
Elchjägerplatz Endingen VI repräsentiert den ältesten
absolut datierten Nachweis einer menschlichen Besiedlung in Nordostdeutschland. Die Fundschicht selbst ist
offenbar vollständig zerstört worden. Unmittelbar benachbarte Profile weisen eine Abfolge basaler Geschiebemergel, fluvialer Sand des Pleniglazials, spätglaziale
Silikatmudde und fluvialer Sand der Jüngeren Dryas
auf. Ein Pollendiagramm aus der Silikatmudde zeigt
eine Palynostratigraphie vom „Bölling" (neu: „Hippophae-Phase") bis zum mittleren Alleröd. Die Sedimentbildung und die Vegetationsentwicklung am Fundplatz
werden erläutert sowie spätglaziale Nachweise des Riesenhirsches im nördlichen Mitteleuropa diskutiert.This text introduces recent investigations of
a Lateglacial archaeological site in the district Nordvorpommern (NE Germany), which was discovered in
1899 in a sandpit. The bones, which partly show traces
of human use, originate mainly from elk; single finds
belong to giant deer and horse. Stone artefacts have not
been found. This elk-hunter-camp Endingen VI, which
is dated in the early Alleröd, represents the oldest
known absolutely dated human settlement in NE Germany. The findlayer itself probably has been completely destroyed. Neighbouring profiles show a succession
of basal till, Pleniglacial fluvial sands, Lateglacial muds
and fluvial sands of the Younger Dryas. A Pollendiagram from the muds shows a palynostratigraphy
ranging from the "Bölling" (new: "Hippophae-phase")
up to the middle Alleröd. Sedimentation and vegetational development of the site are discussed, as well as
Lateglacial evidence of giant deer in northern CentralEurope
How old is pastoralism in Tibet? An ecological approach to the making of a Tibetan landscape
No full textThe Tibetan highlands host one of the world's largest pastoral ecosystems, but the evolutionary impact of the Tibetan nomadic livestock economy on the environment has not yet been investigated. Despite this grazing impact, the vegetation of the Tibetan highlands is widely believed to be natural. Our ecological approach to reconstructing the making of a pastoral environment uses the present composition of the plant cover as a baseline. Today's prevailing plant functional types are grazing weeds highly adapted to grazing. The first pollen record of grazing weeds can thus be assumed to mark the onset of pastoralism, supposedly with goats and sheep introduced from the Middle East and the endemic large bovid of the yak, domesticated in the Tibetan highlands. This study represents the first attempt to determine the age of pastoralism with the help of palynomorphs using the indicator-species approach. This is independently corroborated 1) by the synchronous occurrence of pollen clumps indicating disturbance effects from trampling and 2) the precipitous decline of forest pollen on the eastern declivity of the highland during the mid-Holocene climatic optimum. As all pollen core sites currently have a climatic potential of forest as demonstrated by fruiting and progenitive forest relicts, it is suggested that early livestock holders continued to burn these forests to obtain pastures. The charcoal record supports this conclusion. It is hypothesized that the making of a pastoral environment in the Tibetan highlands started around 8.8 ka cal BP during the mid-Holocene climatic optimum. As the pattern of arboreal pollen decline at these sites contrasts with delta(13)C, delta(18)O TOC content, C/N ratio. and ostracod assemblages that are independent of rangeland management decisions of early pastoralists, we may conclude that pastoralists took advantage of the mid-Holocene climatic optimum to convert forests into high-yield pastures. Using pollen clumps as a proxy for herbivore load suggests a tenfold higher amount of livestock than of wildlife before the introduction of pastoralism. In contrast to pastoralism in and environments of the Old World's desert belt, pastoralists in the eastern Tibetan highlands created their own environment transforming forests and tall grassland into the present golf course-like pastures. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.VW Foundatio
Palaeoecological and experimental evidence of former forests and woodlands in the treeless desert pastures of Southern Tibet (Lhasa, AR Xizang, China)
No full textPalaeoecological and palaeopedological investigations around Lhasa (3650 m, 29 degrees 40'N/91 degrees 04'E, A.R. Xizang, China) provide evidence of human induced environmental changes which have occurred over the past 4600 years. The present desert pastures of Southern Tibet most probably replaced forests of Juniperus convallium, J. tibetica and Cupressus gigantea along with Prunus mira and Buddleja crispa in the understorey. Paleosol investigations and determined charcoal indicate a likeliness of forest destruction followed by increased erosion and sedimentation of colluvial soils. For the first time cereal pollen types could be clearly distinguished in southern Tibet. Juniperus pollen has been proved to have only a short dispersal range. The presence of cereal pollen and other human indicator pollen proves that it is more likely that human activity rather than climatic changes caused the forest decline during the younger Holocene. Successful non-irrigated reforestation trial experiments since 1997 on southern slopes around Lhasa with indigenous Cupressaceae have demonstrated that desertification of southern Tibet is a reversible process. As Lhasa receives 443 mm annual precipitation and has summer temperatures of above 10 degrees C it follows that the natural vegetation should be a forest, as opposed to the desert status quo that presides at present. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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