1,721,487 research outputs found
Charcoal, potash, children's clinic. Evidence-based therapy of frequent intoxications in children and adolescents
No full textIn an overview the three basic principles of clinical toxicology (three column model) are elucidated: the primary detoxification (i.e. gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal), the secondary detoxification (e.g. hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, delayed and multi-dose administration of activated charcoal), and the administration of specific antidotes. In four sections (i.e. cigarettes/illegal drugs, household chemicals, pharmaceuticals and plants) intoxications particularly important in children and adolescents are described. From the poison centre's point of view, the issues discussed are either frequent causes of poisonings or pose diagnostic or therapeutic challenges
Acute carbon monoxide intoxication. Well-known but dressed new
No full textPoison information centers have observed an increasing number of cases of acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. Determination of the incidence and mortality, discussion of effects and clinical signs and presentation of treatment recommendations. The official statistics as well as remarkable cases reported in the news are analyzed. Basic literature and expert opinions are discussed. In 2009 and 2010 fatalities due to CO increased by about 30% in Germany. New types of exposition, such as suicide by charcoal burning were numerous. The assessment of CO poisoning includes the level of consciousness and measurement of CO-hemoglobin (CO-Hb) saturation. A high partial pressure of oxygen is required for treatment. The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen remains unclear but may be assumed in cases of severe poisoning. Hyperbaric chambers are not continuously available (24/7) throughout Germany. A CO poisoning emergency yields new threats and challenges for emergency staff. To ensure the correct diagnosis and to determine the appropriate treatment, a blood sample should be taken immediately. Pulse CO oximeters facilitate the early triage of even larger numbers of patients. Sufficient oxygenation is essential. Severely poisoned patients should be admitted for hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Use of carbon monoxide detectors by emergency medical services. Comments and recommendations for operation and definition of threshold values
No full textDue to the increasing occurrence of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and increasing public awareness, many emergency services have acquired devices to warn emergency staff. The use of CO warning devices requires threshold values that protect emergency staff and also permit life-saving measures of short duration as well as an early initiation of therapy. Quantitative assessment of CO-associated hazards on the basis of an empiric exposure model and comparison with toxicological data, occupational health limit-values and emergency plans according to recommendations of international associations. Recommendations for the protection of patients as well as emergency medical staff and for setting of warning threshold values are presented. Warning devices with multiple warning limits provide the maximum possible room to maneuver in emergency situations with sufficient protection of emergency staff. The use of CO detectors in accordance with the described recommendations allows the detection of unrecognized CO poisoning and risk-adjusted warning against acute danger at the emergency location
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
