1,721,009 research outputs found
Feminist and queer repoliticizations of the brain
No full textL’histoire des relations entre biologie et politique féministe est tendue et contradictoire. Cela paraît d’autant plus flagrant aujourd’hui à l’âge d’or des neurosciences qui ramènent les arguments de supériorité masculine, le caractère inéluctable des différences de genre et la prédominance de l’hétérosexualité à une affaire de cerveau. Dans cet article, nous analysons les points d’intersection propres aux sciences du cerveau et du féminisme. Ces deux champs de recherche entretiennent selon nous des rapports conflictuels mais parfois aussi productifs, y compris dans leurs rapports à l’activisme politique. Ces rapports peuvent être caractérisés en référence à trois directions de recherche principales : des « déstabilisations », des « reconstructions » et des « recontextualisations ». En guise de conclusion, nous terminons par quelques réflexions sur les conditions sociologiques de l’engagement dans une économie politique des neurosciences.[1]
[1]Traduit de l’anglais par Marc Gagnepain. Pour une brève présentation de l’article et du dossier thématique dans lequel il s’inscrit, nous renvoyons le/la lecteur/trice à l’article introductif de Bovet, Kraus, Panese, Pidoux et Stücklin, « Les neurosciences à l’épreuve de la clinique et des sciences sociales. Regards croisés ».The historical relationship between biology and feminist politics is one of tensions and contradictions. Today, this is especially flagrant in the present golden age of neuroscience, when the older arguments of superiority of masculinity over femininity, the inevitability of sexual difference, and the dominance of heterosexuality, are formulated in terms of the brain. In this paper, we examine the specific entanglements of brain sciences and feminism and detect three main directions of this endeavour. “Destabilizations”, “reconstructions”, and “recontextualizations” are the conflictive but also sometimes productive ways these two very different fields of research and political activism interact with each other, we argue. We conclude this article by thinking about sociological configurations of involvements in the political economy of neuroscience
Hat das Gehirn ein Geschlecht? Kritische Untersuchung von neurowissenschaftlichen Studien
No full textZum (An)Erkennen von Gleichheit und Differenz in Geschlechterforschung und Neurowissenschaft - ein kritischer Vergleich
No full textLanguage and gender: How quantitative methods from experimental psychology and neuropsychology can contribute to gender research
No full textWer die auf Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften basierende Literatur aus dem Kanon der Geschlechtertheorie betrachtet, erhält den Eindruck, dass die Psychologie innerhalb dieses Forschungsbereichs keine tragende Rolle spielt. Ein möglicher Grund für die fehlende Integration psychologischer Forschung scheint ihr Zugriff auf quantitative empirische Methoden zu sein, ein Ansatz, der für die naturwissenschaftlich orientierte psychologische Forschung zentral ist. In diesem Artikel wollen wir eine Lanze brechen für eine geschlechter theoretisch informierte quantitative Experimentalpsychologie. Anhand unseres Forschungsgebietes Psychologie der Sprache illustrieren wir, an welchen Punkten die neueren behavioralen und neurowissenschaftlichen Methoden einen Beitrag leisten können und wie sie Erkenntnisse aus der qualitativen Genderforschung komplementieren. Der erste Teil befasst sich mit aktuellen Studien, die unter anderem mit Reaktionszeitmessungen und evozierten Potenzialen zeigen, wie stark Genderstereotypien in der Semantik verankert sind. Der zweite Teil thematisiert neuere Befunde aus der Neurobildgebung, die Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Lateralisierung von Sprachverarbeitung infrage stellen. Abschließend skizzieren wir neuere Forschungsansätze und plädieren für eine transdiziplinäre Kombination von qualitativen und quantitativen Methoden.On closer examination of the canon of gend er theories that are based on the social sciences and humanities, the impression arises that psychology does not play a central role in this field of research. One possible reason for the lack of psychological research may be their use of quantitative and empirical methods – an indispensable approach in scientifically oriented psychological research, however. In this article, we advocate quantitative experimental psychology enriched by gender theory. Based on our field of research, the psychology of language, we illustrate which aspects of gender research can be complemented through behavioural and neuroscientific methods. The first section presents recent studies which, based on measurements of reaction time and ERPs, describe how strongly gender stereotypes are rooted in semantics. The second section introduces recent results from neuro-imaging studies and calls a sexbased lateralization of lang uage processing into question. Finally, we sketch the latest research approaches and recommend a transdisciplinary combination of qualitative and quantitative methods
Ambivalent sexism, the acceptance of inclusive language, and the interpretation of the generic masculine in Mexico and Spain
No full textWhy Males ≠ Corvettes, Females ≠ Volvos, and Scientific Criticism ≠ Ideology: A Response to “Equal ≠ The Same: Sex Differences in the Human Brain” by Larry Cahill in Cerebrum
No full textA recent Cerebrum article by Larry Cahill about sex differences in the human brain has prompted a group of women academicians to respond and for the author to reply to their response. We encourage you to evaluate both points of view, as well as the original article, and form your own opinion
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Review of: Inka Greusing: „Wir haben ja jetzt auch ein paar Damen bei uns“ – Symbolische Grenzziehungen und Heteronormativität in den Ingenieurwissenschaften. Opladen u.a.: Budrich UniPress 2018.
No full textTrotz Bemühungen auf Ebene der Gleichstellung sind Frauen nach wie vor im MINT-Bereich an deutschen Hochschulen unterrepräsentiert. Was mögen die Gründe dafür sein? Mit den Methoden der Sozialwissenschaften untersuchen Wissenschaftler*innen die Ursachen für diese Geschlechter-Disbalance. So auch Inka Greusing in ihrer Dissertationsschrift, in der sie auf verschiedene immanente Strukturen in unseren Köpfen, in unserem Verhalten und in den Studiengängen hinweist. Dadurch wird klar, dass Maßnahmen zur Veränderung der Situation nach wie vor notwendig sind. Die Analyse von Inka Greusing stellt einen sorgfältig ausgearbeiteten Beitrag für das Forschungsfeld Gender Studies in den MINT-Fächern dar.Despite efforts at the level of gender equality, women are still underrepresented in STEM at German universities. What may be the reasons? Using methods from the social sciences, scientists are investigating the causes of this gender imbalance. This is also the case of Inka Greusing in her dissertation, in which she points to various immanent structures in our minds, in our behavior and in our study programs. It is made apparent that measures to change the situation are still necessary. The analysis by Inka Greusing represents a carefully elaborated contribution to the field of Gender Studies in STEM subjects
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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