1,721,033 research outputs found
A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Tapajós River basin, Pará State, Brazil
No full textLima, Albertina P., Simões, Pedro Ivo, Kaefer, Igor Luis (2014): A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Tapajós River basin, Pará State, Brazil. Zootaxa 3889 (3): 355-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3889.3.
FIGURE 9 in A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil
No full textFIGURE 9. Oscillogram (upper graph) and sonogram (lower graph) of advertisement calls of a male Allobates tapajos (INPA- H 34423) illustrating the terminology applied along call description and characterization (see text).Published as part of Lima, Albertina P., Simões, Pedro Ivo & Kaefer, Igor Luis, 2015, A new species of Allobates (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Pará State, Brazil, pp. 501-525 in Zootaxa 3980 (4) on page 516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3980.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/23599
The advertisement call of Physalaemus ephippifer (Anura: Leiuperidae) from Brazilian Amazonia
No full textFIGURE 1. Oscillogram and spectrogram of (A) a sequence of five calls and of (B) a representative call of Physalaemus ephippifer from Brazil. The vertical dashed line represents the beginning of the pulsed portion of the call.Published as part of Kaefer, Igor L., Erdtmann, Luciana K. & Lima, Albertina P., 2011, The advertisement call of Physalaemus ephippifer (Anura: Leiuperidae) from Brazilian Amazonia, pp. 57-58 in Zootaxa 2929 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2929.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/528451
FIGURE 2 in An integrative appraisal of the diagnosis and distribution of Allobates sumtuosus (Morales, 2002) (Anura, Aromobatidae)
No full textFIGURE 2. Waveforms (upper graphs) and spectrograms (lower graphs) of the advertisement calls of Allobates sumtuosus recorded at the species type locality in Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas, State of Pará, Brazil. Male A. sumtuosus emit two forms of advertisement calls: (A) Calls emitted as regular trills of notes, between long silent intervals. (B) Irregular calls, with no evident pattern of note arrangement, emitted continuously between short, highly variable silent intervals.Published as part of Simões, Pedro Ivo, Kaefer, Igor Luis, Farias, Izeni Pires & Lima, Albertina Pimentel, 2013, An integrative appraisal of the diagnosis and distribution of Allobates sumtuosus (Morales, 2002) (Anura, Aromobatidae), pp. 401-421 in Zootaxa 3746 (3) on page 408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/527160
FIGURE 10 in A new species of Amazophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) with two distinct advertisement calls
No full textFIGURE 10. Advertisement call of A. minuta (A–D). Oscilograms depict five calls type 1 (A) and a call type 2 constituted by four notes (B). Detailed view of the call type 1 (C) and a note of the call type 2 (D). Advertisement calls recorded at the type locality, in Taracuá (São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas state, Brazil). Air temperature between 26 and 27 °C. Plate by MF.Published as part of Kaefer, Igor Luis, Rojas, Rommel R., Ferrão, Miquéias, Farias, Izeni Pires & Lima, Albertina Pimentel, 2019, A new species of Amazophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) with two distinct advertisement calls, pp. 316-334 in Zootaxa 4577 (2) on page 329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/262971
FIGURE 6. Evolutionary relationships between Allobates sumtuosus and 15 in An integrative appraisal of the diagnosis and distribution of Allobates sumtuosus (Morales, 2002) (Anura, Aromobatidae)
No full textFIGURE 6. Evolutionary relationships between Allobates sumtuosus and 15 Allobates species distributed in Brazil and in the Guiana Shield region inferred from a maximum likelihood analysis on sequences of 16S rDNA. Samples belonging to typical and putative A. sumtuosus are highlighted in gray. Clade labels indicate support values from 5000 bootstrap replicates (only values above 70 are shown). Except when noted within parenthesis, sequences proceeded from samples collected at the referred type locality of each species. Due to differences in the length of sequences obtained from GenBank, positions with less than 95% site coverage (> 5% of sequences missing data for that position) were eliminated. A total of 346 positions were used in the final dataset.Published as part of Simões, Pedro Ivo, Kaefer, Igor Luis, Farias, Izeni Pires & Lima, Albertina Pimentel, 2013, An integrative appraisal of the diagnosis and distribution of Allobates sumtuosus (Morales, 2002) (Anura, Aromobatidae), pp. 401-421 in Zootaxa 3746 (3) on page 413, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/527160
A Matter of Scale: Historical and Environmental Factors Structure Diurnal Anuran Assemblages from the Upper Madeira River, Amazonia
No full textBiogeographical history and current ecological interactions have usually been addressed separately to explain patterns of biodiversity. In this study, we evaluated the integrated effects of biogeographical and environmental factors in structuring the diurnal amphibian anuran assemblages of the upper Madeira River, southwestern Amazonia. We used a sampling design involving 98 standardized units, distributed across seven locations covering both banks of the river’s course in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. An active search for frogs was performed in three campaigns between February 2010 and February 2011, with the objectives of: 1 ) evaluate the effect of the Madeira River as a biogeographic barrier at the species assemblage level, and 2 ) test the influence of seven environmental variables (vegetation structure, vegetation cover, soil nutrients, soil structure, slope, altitude and distance from the river bank) on the spatial structure of the frog assemblages, separately by river bank. Thirteen species of diurnal frogs were recorded, six of which were restricted to one of the river margins. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated a significant effect of the river as a barrier. Multiple regression analyzes suggested that the environmental variables structuring frog assemblages differ on either side of the river. We found that both historical elements (on a regional scale) and environmental actors (at a local scale) shaped the occurrence and distribution of frog species in the study area.História biogeográfica e interações ecológicas atuais normalmente são consideradas separadamente para explicar padrões em biodiversidade. Nesse estudo, avaliamos de forma integrada os efeitos de fatores biogeográficos e ambientais na estruturação de assembleias de anfíbios anuros diurnos do alto Rio Madeira, sudoeste da Amazônia. Utilizamos um desenho amostral envolvendo 98 unidades padronizadas, distribuídas ao longo de sete localidades cobrindo ambas as margens do curso do rio no estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Procura ativa por anuros foi realizada em três excursões entre fevereiro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2011, com os objetivos de: 1 ) avaliar o efeito do Rio Madeira como barreira biogeográfica ao nível de assembleia de espécies, e 2 ) testar a influência de sete variáveis ambientais (estrutura da vegetação, cobertura de vegetação, nutrientes do solo, estrutura do solo, inclinação, altitude e distância da margem do rio) na estrutura espacial das assembleias de anfíbios, separadamente por margem do rio. Treze espécies de anuros diurnos foram registradas, seis das quais foram restritas a uma das margens do rio. Análises de variância multivariada indicaram efeito significativo do rio como barreira. Análises de regressão múltipla sugeriram que as variáveis ambientais que estruturam as assembleias de anuros diferem em cada lado do rio. Encontramos que tanto elementos históricos (em escala regional) como fatores ambientais (em escala local) moldaram a ocorrência e distribuição de espécies de anuros na área de estudo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Custo individual, ontogenia e visita de femeas como moduladores da exibição de corte de machos em Corapipo gutturalis (Aves: Pipridae)
Get PDFThe theory of sexual selection predicts adaptive evolution of secondary sexual characters that favor mating through male-male competition and female preference. As such, studying how these interactions shape sexual traits allows understanding their evolution through sexual selection. In order to be selected, traits must vary phenotypically among competing individuals, before getting stereotyped as a secondary sexual trait in a species. In fact, the variability of a secondary sexual trait may reflect, among other factors, variation in preference among individuals of the choosy sex, usually females. Courtship displays are elaborate behaviors commonly present in polygamous clades. Here we addressed the within population variation in courtship display behavior among male White-throated Manakins, Corapipo gutturalis, from Central Amazonia, where the species is commonly found displaying in fallen mossy logs in the understory of typical “terra-firme” upland forest. Then, we tested whether observed variation could be explained by variation in abiotic (environmental light) or biotic factors, either intrinsic male conditions (body mass and age) or the extrinsic social context of male displays (total number of males and female visits). Our results show extensive variation in courtship displays among males, both in total presence and display rates at logs as well as among the multiple elements from the behavioral repertoire described for the species. Among the factors that affected total exhibition rates and some of the behavioral elements were age, body mass and the frequency of female visitation to or nearby the display logs. These results support the idea of costly courtships displayed by males, particularly to males in definitive, “adult-like” plumages that incorporate more complex display elements not yet presented by males in pre-definitive, “juvenile-like” plumages. This ontogeny of male behavior suggests that practicing males may learn from more experienced males. Because female visits modulate male display rates that are costly, our results are compatible with the hotshot model proposed to explain lekking around more active males, which are selected by females.Segundo a teoria da Seleção Sexual, a evolução adaptativa de caracteres que favorecem a obtenção de parceiros reprodutivos é moldada por interações entre os indivíduos do mesmo sexo (seleção intra-sexual) ou de sexos opostos (seleção inter-sexual), definindo o sucesso de acasalamento entre parceiros potenciais. Assim, entender quais são, e como estas interações atuam na modulação destes caracteres permite-nos compreender a evolução destas características através de seleção sexual. Para que uma característica seja escolhida, ela precisa ser variável entre os indivíduos, para então ser estereotipada como caractere sexual secundário em uma espécie. De fato, o grau de variação em um caractere sexual secundário pode refletir, dentre outros aspectos, a variação de preferência exercida pelo sexo que escolhe parceiros, usualmente as fêmeas. Cortes nupciais são comportamentos elaborados comumente presentes em clados poligâmicos. Neste estudo avaliei se existe variação entre indivíduos nas frequências de exibição de corte de machos do tangará-de-garganta-branca, Corapipo gutturalis, em uma população da Amazônia Central, onde a espécie é comumente encontrada se exibindo em troncos caídos e cobertos por musgo no sub-bosque de florestas de terra-firme. A seguir, testei se as diferenças encontradas poderiam ser explicadas por fatores abióticos como a condição de iluminação no ambiente durante a exibição (ensolarado ou nublado) ou por fatores bióticos como a condição intrínseca dos machos (massa corpórea e idade) ou o contexto social extrínseco aos mesmos (total de machos e fêmeas presentes). Meus resultados indicam que existe uma diferenciação em frequência total de presença e exibição de machos nos palcos onde se exibem para as fêmeas, bem como diferenciação na frequência com que cada macho realiza os diferentes elementos que compõem os repertórios de corte da espécie. Dentre os fatores que influenciaram a frequência de exibição total e de alguns elementos separadamente estão a massa corporal do macho, sua idade e a frequência de fêmeas presentes nas proximidades dos palcos durante as observações. Uma vez que a visita de fêmeas modula as taxas de exibição dos machos, que são custosas, nossos resultados são compatíveis com o modelo de “hotshot” proposto para explicar a agregação de machos ao redor de machos mais ativos, os quais são selecionados pelas fêmeas
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