2,465 research outputs found
Abstract IA03: Anti-tumor T cells: You are what you eat
No full textAbstract
Activated T cells engage aerobic glycolysis and anabolic metabolism for growth, proliferation, and effector functions. In contrast, resting memory CD8 T cells depend less on high rates of glycolysis and more on fatty acid oxidation to persist, self-renew and respond to secondary infection. This talk will discuss the concept of metabolic checkpoints for immune cells in tumors, referring to the idea that the nutrients utilized by different types of T cells can affect both their energetic demands and their functionality. In particular, the metabolic state of exhausted T cells found in tumors is only recently starting to be studied. Our data in mouse models of cancer suggest that a glucose-poor, fatty acid-rich tumor microenvironment limits aerobic glycolysis, but promotes fatty acid uptake in tumor-infiltrating T cells, which suppresses tumoricidal effector functions and increases PD-1 expression. This talk will discuss recent analyses of the signaling pathways that respond to these nutrient alterations in T cells in tumors and how this may relate to new modalities of treatment in combination with checkpoint blockade.
Citation Format: Guoliang Cui, Ping-Chih Ho, Robert Amezquita, Susan M. Kaech. Anti-tumor T cells: You are what you eat. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA03.</jats:p
'Pilings of Thought Under Spoken': The Poetry of Susan Howe, 1974-1993.
No full textPhDThis thesis discusses the poetry published by contemporary American poet Susan
Howe over a period of almost two decades. The dissertation is chiefly concerned with
articulating the relationship between poetic form, history, and authority in this body
of' work. Howe's poetry dredges the past for the linguistic effects of patriarchy,
colonialism and war. My reading of the work is an exploration of the ways in which a
disjunctive poetics can address such historical trauma. The poems, rather than
attempting to reinstate voices lifted from what Howe has called "the dark side of
history", are a means of reflecting the resistance that the past offers to contemporary
investigation. It is the effacement, and not the recovery, of history's victims, that is
discernible in the contours of these highly opaque texts. Notions of authority are most
often addressed in the poetry through the figure of paternal absence, which has a
threefold function in the work, serving to represent social authority, an aporetic
conception of divinity and an autobiographical narrative. Alongside the antiauthoritarian
currents in the writing - critiques, for example, of the doctrine of
Manifest Destiny or of scapegoating versions of femininity - my thesis stresses Howe's
engagement with negative theology and with a strain of American Protestant
enthusiasm that has its roots in 17th century New England. The dissertation explores
the dissonance caused by the co-existence in the poetry of elements of political dissent
and religious mysticism. Finally, I consider Howe's engagement with literary history
and authors such as Shakespeare, Swift, Thoreau and Melville. The manner in which
Howe deploys the words of others in her work, I argue, allows for a mixture of textual
polyphony and a more conventional notion of authorial 'voice'
Immigration in science
No full textThe advance of science is dependent upon collaboration, which does not have a visa attached to it. Indeed, over 40% of all American-based Nobel Prize winners are immigrants, and data from the National Science Foundation show that 49% of postdocs and 29% of science and engineering faculty in the US are foreign-born. However, restrictive new immigration policies in the US have left many scientists deeply concerned about their future and many American-based laboratories worried about attracting the best talent. At JEM, we're celebrating immigration by sharing the experiences of immigrant and nonimmigrant scientists on our editorial board. Alexander Rudensky and Jean-Laurent Casanova give their firsthand perspective on immigrating to the US, while Jedd Wolchok, Carl Nathan, David Holtzman, Susan Kaech, Lewis Lanier, and David Tuveson reflect on how immigration has affected their laboratories
Red Cardinal, White Snow
No full textIn Red Cardinal, White Snow, Susan Ayres tells us in the first poem that childhood is not a meadow, and she will document the spirit shatter of mental illness and family trauma. But these stunning poems do so for the sake of talking back to ruin, showing us the beauty of love under pressure, how illumination coexists with heartache, and disorder strengthens kindness. These poems are a master class in the art of becoming human. ~Betsy Sholl
The poems in Red Cardinal, White Snow by Susan Ayres allow readers to touch “the broken membrane between sanity and terror.” That membrane has all the voltage and punch of a live wire, but the powerful, heart-heavy, and earthy, images ground us, keep us safe as we are reminded how shockingly fragile living and loving well can be. ~Tomás Q. Morín
In Red Cardinal, White Snow, the poet’s work has been to mold the mud of experience into a vase of words. And she has succeeded by calling on all the shaping devices of poetic form. From the brilliant title and perfectly chosen Octavio Paz epigraph, to the striking metaphors, and memorable diction (“susurrated stories”), Ayres’ poems transform howls of anguish into art. What an accomplishment. ~Bonnie Lyons, author of So Fa
R. Williams letter to Mrs. Susan M.Weirman, July 21, 1896
No full textResponse letter from R. Williams to Susan M. Wierman [sometimes spelled Weirman] following up on a visit from photographer M. Wooley, presumably to snap photographs of Susan and the Lundy home to accompany Williams' biographical essay on Lundy. Williams sends along Wooley's letters and requests additional information from Ms. Wierman about the life and times of some meeting houses significant in the life and times of her father, anti-slavery activist and abolitionist periodical publisher Benjamin Lundy. Benjamin Lundy (1789-1839) was a prominent Quaker abolitionist best known for his development of abolitionist periodicals. His Genius of Universal Emancipation was first published in 1821 from his home in Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, and enjoyed a wide circulation across the antebellum United States. In the 1820s, the young William Lloyd Garrison came to work for The Genius. Benjamin Lundy traveled widely seeking subscriptions to The Genius, giving talks about the anti-slavery movement, and observing and documenting the conditions of enslaved people across the Americas. He was also involved in the establishment of freed slave colonies in Mexico
Subjective Versus Objective: An Exploratory Analysis of Latino Primary Care Patients With Self-Perceived Depression Who Do Not Fulfill Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire Criteria for Depression
No full textObjective: Identification and treatment of depression may be difficult for primary care providers when there is a mismatch between the patient’s subjective experiences of illness and objective criteria. Cultural differences in presentation of symptoms among Latino immigrants may hinder access to care for treatment of depression. This article seeks to describe the self-perceptions and symptoms of Latino primary care patients who identify themselves as depressed but do not meet screening criteria for depression.
Method: A convenience sample of Latino immigrants (N = 177) in Corona, Queens, New York, was obtained from a primary care practice from August 2008 to December 2008. The sample was divided into 3 groups according to whether participants met Patient Health Questionnaire diagnostic criteria for depression and whether or not participants had a self-perceived mental health problem and self-identified their problem as “depression” from a checklist of cultural idioms of distress. Psychosocial, demographic, and treatment variables were compared between the 3 groups.
Results: Participants’ descriptions of symptoms had a predominantly somatic component. The most common complaints were ánimo bajo (low energy) and decaimiento (weakness). Participants with “subjective” depression had mean scores of somatic symptoms and depression severity that were significantly lower than the participants with “objective” depression and significantly higher than the group with no depression (P < .0001).
Conclusions: Latino immigrants who perceive that they need help with depression, but do not meet screening criteria for depression, still have significant distress and impairment. To avoid having these patients “fall through the cracks,” it is important to take into account culturally accepted expressions of distress and the meaning of illness for the individual.Peer reviewe
How to assess higher-order thinking skills: in your classroom
No full textEducators know it is important to get students to engage in higher-order thinking. But what does higher-order thinking actually look like? And how can K-12 classroom teachers asses it across the discipline? Author, consultant, and former classroom teacher Susan M. Brookhaart answers these questions and more in this straightforward, practical guide to assessment that can help teachers determine if children are actually displaying the kind of complex thinking the current content standards emphasize
Walk Like the Bird Flies
No full textThese poems transport us from Texas desert landscapes to New England mountains to Adriatic tavernas, festivals, and landmarks, and at the same time they offer vivid confrontations with the elements of the natural world—mud, fire, water, forests, the wind that possibly “[carries] messages from beyond”—treating both foreign cities and nature’s manifestations as phenomena to observe and honor through the eyes of an estranged but receptive traveler. Susan Ayres fuses images from inner and outer landscapes, raising questions that can’t be answered and perspectives that can’t be contained but nevertheless offer sparks of revelation in poem after poem.
–Leslie Ullman, (The You That All Along Has Housed You and Library of Small Happiness)
“Listen to me as one listens to the rain,” Susan Ayres begins this incredible journey, because only when she listens to the rain can her imagination wander and guide us through a history and geography that is at once personal and cosmic in its reach. Indeed, she ends with a long poem that itself carries us from “from silkworms to / Skies.” But what is even more exciting, and so skillfully done, is the kind counterpointing that moves us from a medieval bridge in Slovenia to the American west to a contemporary beach to Led Zeppelin, a combination that requires great skill and vision. And skill and vision are what we have here, giving us a new sense and appreciation of our world, for Ayres has given us poetry’s version of Galileo’s Starry Messenger.
–Richard Jackson, Author of The World as Framed: New and Select Poem
International year of older persons: Mentoring research project
No full textA report, by Judith MacCallum and Susan Beltman, Murdoch University, that identifies models of good practice of mentoring in school settings. The report looks at issues associated with the implementation of mentoring programs in school settings and key recommendations for consideration by Australian schools and education systems
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Canonical BAF complex activity licenses effector and memory CD8+ T cell fates
No full textCD8+ T cells provide host protection against pathogens by differentiating into distinct effector and memory cell subsets. Though many of the key transcription factors that govern effector and memory differentiation have been identified, our understanding of how differentiation is transcriptionally and epigenetically regulated is incomplete. In particular how chromatin is site-specifically remodeled during their differentiation is unclear. Given its critical role in regulating chromatin and enhancer accessibility through its nucleosome remodeling activities, we investigated the role of the canonical BAF (cBAF) chromatin remodeling complex in antiviral CD8+ T cells during infection. ARID1A, a subunit of cBAF, was recruited early after activation and established de novo open chromatin regions at enhancers. Arid1a deficiency impaired the opening of thousands of activation-induced enhancers, leading to loss of TF binding, dysregulated proliferation, gene expression, and failure to undergo terminal effector differentiation. While Arid1a was dispensable for circulating memory cell formation per se, functionality and recall capacity was strongly impaired in the absence of Arid1a. Furthermore, tissue-resident memory formation was strongly impaired in Arid1a-deficient cells. Inducible deletion of Arid1a several days after priming in vivo also led to strongly diminished terminal effector differentiation, indicating that terminal fate determining events require continuous cBAF activity in order for terminal effector cells to form. Arid1b, Pbrm1 (PBAF-specific), and Brd9 (ncBAF-specific) deletions had minimal impact on effector cell differentiation. Thus, ARID1A-containing cBAF governs the enhancer landscape of activated CD8+ T cells that orchestrates TF recruitment and activity and the acquisition of specific effector and memory differentiation states
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