1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Network for Page Segmentation of Historical Handwritten Documents into Text Zones
No full textRecent research activity for page segmentation and pixel-labeling problems focuses strongly on deep Neural Network architectures. In this paper, we present a Convolutional Encoder-Decoder based method for the segmentation of historical handwritten images into distinct text zones. This is achieved by labeling each pixel of the image to one of the predefined classes (main body, comments, decorations, periphery, background). Traditional methods make use of prior knowledge of documents and rely on data-oriented features and experimental rules. We propose a method using Convolutional Encoder-Decoder pairs and we show that deep architectures fit properly to our problem. Experiments on different public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method that outperforms previous techniques in many cases
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Ανάλυση Δομής και Εντοπισμός Περιοχών Κειμένου σε Ιστορικά Χειρόγραφα
No full textΤα ιστορικά έγγραφα αποτελούν σημαντική πηγή πληροφορίας, τόσο για την απόκτηση εμπεριστατωμένης γνώσης της ιστορίας, όσο και για την γνώση της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς. Η είσοδος της τεχνολογίας στην καθημερινότητα δημιουργεί την ανάγκη προσαρμογής της έρευνας ιστορικών βιβλίων και χειρογράφων σε ένα νέο περιβάλλον. Για το λόγο αυτό, αναπτύσσονται συνεχώς νέες εφαρμογές οπτικής επεξεργασίας, που διευκολύνουν την πρόσβαση και αναγνώριση του περιεχομένου τέτοιων ιστορικών κειμένων, ώστε να γίνει δυνατή η μετατροπή τους σε ηλεκτρονική μορφή. Μεγάλος αριθμός συλλογών αποτελούνται από χειρόγραφα, που η επεξεργασία τους είναι πολυπλοκότερη σε σύγκριση με την επεξεργασία τυπωμένων εγγράφων (machine-printed documents), κυρίως λόγω της ακαθόριστης δομής και της χαμηλής ποιότητας τους. Η εργασία αυτή στοχεύει στην ανάπτυξη μεθόδου, που επικεντρώνεται στο στάδιο ανάλυσης δομής της σελίδας ιστορικών χειρογράφων και εντοπισμού περιοχών κειμένου, που υπάρχουν σε αυτά. Το αποτέλεσμα της ανάλυσης αυτής αποτελεί την είσοδο σε ένα σύστημα αναγνώρισης γραφής, επομένως είναι προφανής η ιδιαίτερη σημασία του. Για την εξαγωγή της δομής των εικόνων ιστορικών χειρογράφων, αναπτύχθηκε μία τεχνική που συνδυάζει την πιθανή ύπαρξη διαχωριστικών ευθειών (separator lines) και άλλων διαχωριστικών που προκύπτουν από την ανάλυση του υποβάθρου. Η τεχνική αυτή επιτρέπει τη δημιουργία ενός πλέγματος, που χωρίζει την εικόνα σε διακριτές ζώνες και προσεγγίζει στο μέγιστο δυνατό βαθμό τη γεωμετρική δομή της εικόνας. Εφαρμόζεται και σε ιστορικά χειρόγραφα που αποτελούνται από δύο σελίδες, σε αντίθεση με την πλειοψηφία των τεχνικών επεξεργασίας, που θεωρούν ότι επεξεργάζονται μία σελίδα. Στο στάδιο του εντοπισμού περιοχών κειμένου με βάση το πλέγμα αυτό, εξάγονται τα διάφορα στοιχεία πληροφορίας, όπως γράμματα, αριθμοί και λέξεις, χωρίς να απαιτείται πρώτα η διάκρισή τους με χρήση τεχνικών κατάτμησης εγγράφου. Ακολούθως, τα στοιχεία αυτά ενώνονται, χρησιμοποιώντας κριτήρια απόστασης, για να σχηματίσουν περιοχές κειμένου. Η αποτίμηση της μεθόδου βασίζεται σε υπάρχουσα τεχνική, όπου συγκρίνονται οι εντοπισμένες περιοχές κειμένου, με τις περιοχές απόλυτης αλήθειας (ground-truth regions), οι οποίες έχουν δημιουργηθεί χειροκίνητα. Η βάση δεδομένων, αποτελείται από 600 εικόνες ιστορικών χειρογράφων. Παράλληλα, γίνεται σύγκριση με άλλη τεχνική εξαγωγής περιοχών κειμένου, εφαρμοσμένη στην ίδια συλλογή και ελέγχεται η χρησιμότητα της διόρθωσης της κλίσης του εγγράφου ως στάδιο προ-επεξεργασίας. Τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα είναι ενθαρρυντικά και επιβεβαιώνουν την αποτελεσματικότητα της μεθόδου που αναπτύχθηκε για μεγάλο αριθμό και διαφορετικά είδη ιστορικών χειρογράφων.Historical documents are an important source of information, not only for the thorough knowledge of history, but also for the knowledge of cultural inheritance itself. Technological evolution creates the need for adapting the research of such documents into a new environment. Therefore, new techniques are used, in order to facilitate the optical processing for accessing, recognizing and digitalizing their content. Many collections consist of historical handwritten documents. The analysis of these collections is a difficult task, compared to machine-printed documents, because of their complexity and their low quality. This thesis aims to the development of a new method, which focuses on the layout analysis of historical handwritten documents and the detection of text areas contained. Experimental results of the proposed method are of great importance, because they are used as inputs, by an optical character recognition system. In order to extract the layout of historical handwritten document images, a combined technique is used, considering the existence of separator lines and the image’s background. The results of this technique lead to the creation of a grid, which corresponds to the different zones of the image and approximates the geometric layout of the document. It applies to single or double page handwritten documents, unlike to most layout analysis techniques, which process single page documents. Based on the document’s grid, the detection of text regions consists in extracting the text components with no need for their classification into letter, word or number classes. Thus, page segmentation techniques are not mandatory. Text regions are composed by connecting these components, using distance criteria. The evaluation of the method is based on an existing technique, where resulting regions are matched with manually created ground-truth regions. The image corpus consists of 600 historical handwritten document images. Also, a similar state of the art technique is evaluated, based on the same corpus and comparative results are extracted. Finally, the proposed method is combined with a page skew correction technique. Experimental results are encouraging and confirm the efficiency over a large variety of historical handwritten documents
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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