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<Notes>The Development of Commercial Agriculture in the Philippines: A Case Study of a Horticulture in a Central Luzon Village
No full textこの論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました
Basic Issues and Methodology for the Environmental Policy in Agriculture : An Evaluation of External Economies Provided by Agriculture and Rural Communities
No full textCompared with other industries, agriculture and forestry play an important role to preserve natural resources and provide desirable rural amenities for the people who either live in the region or visit the place. Such multiple roles are seldom marketed or traded, most of which are so-called external economies that are not compensated by anyone through market mechanism. For this reason, it is indispensable for future research and policy implementation to make an economic evaluation and quantify the magnitude of those externalities provided by agriculture and rural communities. This paper tries to examine the nature and basic issues of environmental policies in agriculture. The following three points are analyzed, employing theories and analytical framework used in environmental economics. First, the concept and characteristics of national (and regional) resources are discussed. Secondly, economic and policy analyses are made on multiple functions played by agricultureand rural communities. Finally, by reviewing literature on the economic evaluation of public functions of agriculture and forestry, various alternative methods to evaluate such externalities are compared and critically examined
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Capital Formation of the Farm Household and Resource Allocation in Agricultural-Rural Sectors: An Analysis of Sustainability of Japanese Agriculture
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OFF-FARM EMPLOYMENT AND FARM ADJUSTMENTS: IMPLICATIONS OF PART-TIME FARMING FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Get PDFStatistical evidence shows that farm families in most of the developed countries
are increasingly dependent on income from off-farm sources. In the United
States, for example, over 50 percent of all farm operators worked off the farm
in 1969, which is almost twice the percentage of forty years ago. The
percentage of income from off-farm sources, as a result, increased from 29
percent in 1935 to 54 percent in 1976 (U.S. Department of Agriculture).
The taking up of off-farm employment by one or more members of a farm
family is probably one way to counteract the cost-price squeeze and to adjust
to the rapidly changing economy and technology of a modern society. Little
attention has been paid, however, to the nature and mechanism of adjustments
through off-farm employment, especially at the micro level. Furthermore, very
few economists have attempted to make intercountry comparisons of part-time
farming from this viewpoint, due mainly to the lack of comparable data in most
developed countries (Gasson).
Taking the farm family as the unit of account, the main objective of this paper
is to present and discuss the direction of on-farm and off-farm adjustments,
labour allocation decisions, and the life cycle pattern of employment and income
of the part-time farm family
Balancing Agricultural Growth and Environment under Globalisation: Focusing on Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Asia
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