177,107 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cooling Crystallization in an Oscillatory Flow Baffled Crystallizer (OFBC): Influence of Fluid Dynamics on Crystal Product
No full textThe Oscillatory Flow Baffled Crystallizer (OFBC) design has been proven to offer improved temperature control and near plug plow residence time distributions, while at the same time providing large residence times. These OFBC properties hold the promise of resulting in a narrow crystal size distribution, reduced residence time requirements and improved process control. However to obtain such results the operation of the OFBC along with the crystallization process should be optimized. One of the most important operational aspects to optimize is the local turbulence that results in setting the dispersion in the crystallizer to a minimum, without compromising on the mass and heat transfer processes. In this study the residence time distribution of a tracer resulting from various possible operating configurations (amplitude and frequency) in the OFBC is analyzed, for water flows with a net flow Reynolds number of 140 (flowrate 100 ml/min) using dye tracing with an in situ transmission dip probe (absorption spectrophotometry). The best combinations of frequency and amplitude at which narrowest distribution (least dispersion) of the tracer concentration profile is achieved are found to be 1 Hz and 1 mm, 2 Hz and 3.5 mm and 4 Hz and 1 mm. The experimental results show that the ratio of the oscillatory Reynolds number and the net flow Reynolds number should be between 0.7 and 5. This is a broader range than the reported 2 to 4 range in literature. The measured residence time distributions for the best oscillatory setting have been successfully fitted to a tanks-in-series model with a 3 % maximum error of the coefficient of determination. It can therefore be concluded that the number of tanks in series is an accurate characteristic parameter of the fluid dynamics. The assumption of ideal plug flow, which is shown to not resemble the real RTD well, can therefore be avoided when developing the model for crystallization in an OFBC. The results of a parameter sensitivity study, based on the developed model, shows that the final seed CSD is weakly related to secondary nucleation for the used kinetic parameters. This can be explained as the small mass of the nucleated crystals does not have a large effect on the supersaturation. Furthermore, the final seed CSD has a dependence on all varied parameters but mostly to the initial seed loading. This is logical as double the initial seed loading will consume double or more amount of solute and therefore slow down the growth rate significantly. Secondary nucleation is very sensitive to the supersaturation profile (with the used kinetics) and so to the imposed temperature profile and the seed loading. The degree of plug flow has very little effect on secondary nucleation because the supersaturation profile is hardly influenced upon variation. A temperature profile optimization showed that in order to minimize secondary nucleation using a five zone temperature control, both a constant zone temperature and a linear zone temperature approach could lower the secondary nucleation by a factor of 2 compared to a single linear zone temperature approach. This underlines the importance of optimization in the OFBC.Intensified Reaction and Seperation SystemProcess & EnergyMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Nucleation Control: Microwave, Ultrasound and Laser as Tools to Control the Number of Nuclei in Crystallization Processes
No full textThe principal objective of the research focuses on the intensification of the batch and continuous crystallization processes through enhanced nucleation control, proper plug flow conditions in continuous tubular crystallizers and development of advanced image analysis based PAT tool for process monitoring. Nucleation control is addressed through manipulation of the number of crystals in the crystallizer; by either controlling the rate of nuclei formation or through dissolution of the excess nuclei to limit the nucleation overshoot or through continuous seeding in case of flow crystallizer to suppress nucleation in the tubes. The following topics are addressed: 1. The efficiency of the Direct Nucleation Control(DNC) strategy using microwave heating.2. Induction of high nucleation rates at low supersaturation by the application of laser or ultrasound energy. 3. Combination of the ultrasound assisted internal seed generation in the continuous tubular crystallizer, under plug flow conditions. 4. Characterization of nucleation and the crystal properties through development of in-situ imaging based PAT technology. <br/
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
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