447 research outputs found
Industrial Platforms in manufacturing operating in Germany : How are these platforms framed?
No full textAuthor Mirjam AlberMasterarbeit Universität Linz 202
Phraseological Units in "Nathan und seine Kinder" by Mirjam Pressler
No full textDiplomsko delo obravnava nemške frazeme, ki sem jih našla v mladinskem romanu Nathan und seine Kinder pisateljice Mirjam Pressler. Glavni cilj moje diplomske naloge je najti razlike in podobnosti v razmerju nemškega in slovenskega jezika.
Delo je razdeljeno na dva dela. V teoretičnem delu so podrobneje predstavljene osnove frazeologije, lastnosti frazemov in njihova uporaba v mladinski literaturi. Prav tako je nekaj besed namenjenih pisateljici Mirjam Pressler in njenemu delu. Empirični del obravnava frazeme najdene v romanu, jih primerja s slovenskimi ustreznicami ter na podlagi primerjave določi stopnjo ekvivalence.The following thesis will deal with idioms, found in the young adult novel Nathan und seine Kinder by author Mirjam Pressler. The main goal of the thesis is to establish the differences and similarities present when comparing idioms found in the German language, with those found in Slovenian.
The thesis is divided into two parts. The first is theoretical and features a presentation of the basics of phraseology, the characteristics of idioms and their use in young adult literature. A chapter is devoted to the authorMirjam Pressler and her work. The empirical part of the thesis deals with idioms found in the literary work itself, compares them with corresponding words in Slovenian and determines their level of equivalence based on said comparison
How mushrooms feed on compost: conversion of carbohydrates and linin in industrial wheat straw based compost enabling the growth of Agaricus bisporus
No full textAbstract In this thesis, the fate of carbohydrates and lignin was studied in industrial wheat straw based compost during composting and growth of Agaricus bisporus. The aim was to understand the availability and degradability of carbohydrates in order to help improve their utilization in the compost. The wheat straw based compost was characterized as being composed mainly of cellulose and lowly substituted xylan. During the first phase of composting, ester-bound substituents were removed from the xylan backbone and during the second phase of composting 50% of carbohydrates present in the original material where metabolized in a uniform manner. Lignin structure, however, remained unaltered during these composting stages. Over the period of A. bisporus mycelium growth, 20% of the original xylan became water soluble while xylan structures remained rather similar and the remaining water insoluble xylan was partially degraded. In addition, 40% of lignin was metabolized during mycelium growth with an increase in the ratio of syringyl to guaiacyl lignin units from 0.5 to 0.7 in mycelium grown compost compared to the basic compost mixture. During the fruiting body formation minor changes in lignin structure occurred, while accumulation of xylan substituents was observed for arabinosyl residues and glucuronic acid substituents. Finally, putative genes encoding carbohydrate degrading enzymes were identified in A. bisporus’ genome. Genes involved in the pentose and hexose catabolic pathway were found to be upregulated in A. bisporus mycelium. A. bisporus was found to produce both xylan and cellulose degrading enzymes and maximum activity was observed during the formation of the 1st flush of mushrooms. But, as observed from the remaining xylan structures analyzed, A. bisporus lacks the enzymatic activity to degrade xylan substituted with two arabinosyl- residues and glucuronic acid substituted xylan. Edita Jurak How Mushrooms feed on compost: Conversion of carbohydrates and linin in industrial wheat straw based compost enabling the growth of Agaricus bisporus </p
Unraveling the diversity within CAZy families related to hemicellulose degradation
No full textAgro-food industrial side streams known as lignocellulosic wastes have received much attention in the last years. These side streams are rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and can be converted into an array of value-added bioproducts with huge market potentials. Effective bioconversion requires overcoming the recalcitrance of the cell walls of lignocellulosic residues. Hemicellulose is tightly linked to cellulose through hydrogen bonding and to lignin via ester bonds, and its degradation can significantly alter the strength and microstructure of cell walls, thereby improving the overall degradation of agro-food residues. The hydrolysis of hemicellulose requires a variety of fungal enzymes. To date, a considerable number of enzymes have been included into different families in the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAZy) database. However, most of them lack biochemical characterization data, hindering the understanding of diversity within families and the selection of optimal candidates from families for applications. In this thesis, I selectively characterized unknown CAZymes from different CAZy families involved in hemicellulose degradation through fungal genome mining and phylogenetic analysis. Our results discovered novel activities in CAZy families, e.g., feruloyl esterase / acetyl xylan esterase in CE1, xylobiohydrolase in GH30, and endoxyloglucanase in GH44. In addition, I discovered that the expansion of endoxylanases (GH10 and GH11) and α-L-arabinofuranosidase (GH51, GH54, and GH62) in Penicillium subrubescens is followed by functional diversification
Water holding capacity and enzymatic modification of pressed potato fibres
No full text Cell wall polysaccharides (CWPs) contribute to the water holding capacity (WHC) of fibre rich feeds, such as pressed potato fibres (PPF). However, the role of CWPs on the WHC of PPF was unidentified so far. PPF was characterized to be abundant in arabinogalactan (AG) linked rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), homogalacturonan (HG) and cellulose, next to which xyloglucan (XG) contributed the most of the hemicellulosic CWPs. The CWP network in potatoes was loosened upon starch extraction of potatoes and solubilized HG-RG-I-AG. Analyses of the WHCs upon enzyme treatments indicated that the WHC of PPF was mainly caused by a network of insoluble, non-cellulosic CWPs such as pectic CWPs (HG-RG-I-AG) and XG. Findings in this thesis showed that AGs were better degraded than xyloglucans (XGs). Since XGs were found to be equally important in contributing to the WHC as AGs, the substantial removal of AGs, as well as XGs, should be advantageous to lower the WHC. Other than lowering the WHC, the use of a pectinase-rich preparation improved the recovery of starch from potatoes by the degradation of mainly pectic CWPs, in particular pectic AG side chains and HG. The degradation of arabinan was observed to be inhibited by components in potato juice (PJ).</p
Alkaline pretreatments of lignin-rich by-products and their implications for enzymatic degradation
No full textThe increasing interest in plant biomass based biofuels and chemicals arouses mainly from the increased awareness of a possible finiteness of fuels. The current main challenge to produce such biofuels and biochemicals is economic efficiency, but also knowledge concerning type and effectiveness of both thermally assisted chemical and enzymatic treatments, needed to generate fermentable sugars, is lacking. The subject of this thesis is to gain understanding of the effect of both sulphuric acid and NaOH catalysed pretreatments of sugar cane bagasse and oil palm empty fruit bunches on subsequent enzymatic saccharification, with a focus on the NaOH catalysed pretreatments. The fate of the main polymers present, lignin, cellulose and xylan, was studied and also single-activity xylan degrading enzymes, all from Rasamsonia emersonii, were studied for their mode-of-action.</p
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
Tradução comentada do romance juvenil Wenn das Glück kommt, muss man ein Stuhl hinstellen, de Mirjam Pressler
No full textEste trabalho projeto tem como propósito principal apresentar uma proposta de tradução para a língua portuguesa dos seis primeiros capítulos do romance juvenil da autora Mirjam Pressler Wenn das Glück kommt, muss man ihm einen Stuhl hinstellen.
Esta autora alemã foi selecionada porque tem uma vasta obra literária premiada na vertente de literatura infanto-juvenil. Seria interessante traduzir Mirjam Pressler para português, dando assim a conhecer aos jovens portugueses a obra literária desta autora que traz muitos ensinamentos de carácter social e histórico no contexto do Holocausto e pós guerra.
Esta obra foi escolhida em particular por possuir um carácter muito autobiográfico e por ser um livro apaixonante em que a personagem central, Halinka, apesar de viver uma infância e adolescência dificéis consegue construir a sua identidade a partir de pedaços quebrados e encontrar um modo de vida.
Este romance juvenil em particular foi escolhido porque os jovens devem ser incentivados para a leitura, permitindo assim o seu desenvolvimento linguístico e cognitivo, mas também o seu desenvolvimento pessoal e social.
Ao longo deste trabalho projeto serão identificadas algumas dificuldades tradutivas do alemão para o português.This projet report pretends to present a proposed translation into Portuguese of the first six chapters of the youth novel by Mirjam Pressler Wenn das Glück kommt, muss man ein Stuhl hinstellen.
This german author was selected because she has a vast literary work awarded in the area of children´s literature. It would be interesting to translate Mirjam Pressler into Portuguese, thus by making her literary work known to the young portuguese people the literary work of this author that brings many social and historical teachings in the context of Holocaust and post war.
This work was chosen in particular because it has a very autobiographical character and is a passionate book in which the central character, Halinka, despite living a difficult childhood and adolescence manages to build her identity from broken pieces and find a way of life.
This particular youth novel was chosen because young people should be encouraged to read, thus enabling their linguistic and cognitive development, but also their personal and social development.
Troughout this project some translation difficulties will be identificated from German to Portuguese
Competition through Technical Progress
No full textThe relationship between technical progress and price competition is a controversial issue in economics. This paper highlights the fact that investment in technical progress is an authentic type of competition which benefits the consumers rather than the industry. This type of competition exists when the potential for technical progress, which can be incorporated by firms through investment, is high enough. Competition is, in fact, made up of two components: A static one which is known as price or quantity competition and a dynamic one, the Technical Progress competition which also contribute to reduce prices and increase quantities for consumers. Consequently, the economic factors that increase a firm's margin do not have to be viewed as the consumers' enemy, but rather as an ally, under specific conditions, because they allow higher investments in new technology by which firms increase their capacities and attract higher demand from consumers. This paper also underlines that, for a mature market, the maximum Consumer Surplus as well as Social Welfare are attained by a constant level of combined competition which is only dependent on the size of the market and the number of firms. The level of combined competition can be defined as the product of the static and the dynamic level of competition. As a consequence, the higher the potential of technical progress is, the lower the level of static competition must be in order to reach the maximum level of Consumer Surplus and Social Welfare. --Investment,Competition,Technical Progress,Dynamic Competition
Fate of rapeseed meal polysaccharides during digestion in pigs and poultry : effect of processing and enzyme addition
No full text In this thesis, the fate of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from rapeseed meal (RSM) during fermentation in vitro and in vivo was studied. The aim was to understand and improve the fermentation of NSP from RSM in poultry and pigs, by processing and enzyme addition. First, the NSP-structures in RSM were characterized as being branched arabinan, arabinogalactan type II, homogalacturonan, glucurono-xylan, XXGG- and XXXG-type xyloglucan, and cellulose. Second, RSM was processed using shear, heat, and acid prior to in vitro incubation, in the presence or absence of pectolytic enzymes. Acid-treatment combined with pectolytic enzymes was the best option to improve NSP-solubilization in vitro. Unprocessed and acid-extruded RSM with or without addition of enzymes were fed to broilers. In broilers, 22% of the NSP in unprocessed RSM could be fermented, which only significantly improved to 38% by addition of commercial pectolytic enzymes. In broilers’ excreta, XXXG-type xyloglucan, (glucurono-)xylan, arabinan, and cellulose remained unfermented. Unprocessed and acid-extruded RSM was also fed to growing pigs and NSP-fermentation was followed along the digestive tract. In pigs, at the terminal ileum 22% of the NSP was cumulatively fermented and total tract around 70% was fermented. Acid-extrusion improved total tract NSP-fermentability in pigs numerically by 4% points. Water-soluble carbohydrates were nearly completely fermented. In the feces some rhamnogalacturonan, (branched) arabinan, linear xylan, XXXG-type xyloglucan, galactomannan, and cellulose remained. Surprisingly, during alkaline extraction of the broilers’ excreta and pigs’ feces, around 40% (w/w) of the insoluble carbohydrates was released as glucosyl- and/or uronyl-rich carbohydrates, probably originally present via ester-linkages or hydrogen-bonding within the cellulose-lignin network. These linkages are expected to hinder complete NSP-fermentation.</p
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