1,721,066 research outputs found
Effects of blending poly(lactic acid) and thermoplastic polyester polyurethanes on the mechanical and adhesive properties in two-component injection molding
Get PDFKlute, Marco, Piontek, Alexander, Heim, Hans-Peter and Kabasci, Stephan. "Effects of blending poly(lactic acid) and thermoplastic polyester polyurethanes on the mechanical and adhesive properties in two-component injection molding" International Polymer Processing, vol. 37, no. 5, 2022, pp. 568-580. https://doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2021-421
Werkstoff- und Verfahrensentwicklung zur Herstellung einer Biokunststoff-Sandwichplatte auf Basis nachwachsender Rohstoffe "Bio-Sandwich"
No full textBio-based plastics
No full textThis introductory chapter gives an overview of definitions, history and the market aspects of bio-based plastics. There is an unambiguous definition of 'bio-based plastics', i.e. plastics derived from biomass, but the commonly used term 'bioplastics' may cause confusion: the prefix 'bio-' is not only used to indicate the origin of the material ('bio-based') but also to express a 'bio'-functionality of the material, either biodegradability or biocompatibility. In the early stages of the historical development of plastics, a lot of thermosets, elastomers and some thermoplastics were first developed on the basis of renewable resources. An outstanding example of such an historical bio-based material is celluloid, a thermoplastic that was introduced in 1868 as a result of a contest for the development of a substitute material for ivory to produce billiard balls. Other historical bio-based materials include elastomers based on natural rubber and linoleum, a thermoset. After 1950, some decades of massive growth in production of fossil-based plastics followed and these materials have since dominated the plastics world. Starting in the 1990s and resulting from an awareness of the need to replace fossil-based materials, bio-based plastics came to a renaissance with production capacities surpassing 1 million tons in 2011. Several market studies foresee that the trend for a massive increase in bioplastics production will continue
Einspeisung von Biogas in das Erdgasnetz
No full textDer Tagungsband des 5. Fraunhofer UMSICHT-Workshops "Biogaseinspeisung", der im Mai 2011 in Berlin stattfand, enthält alle Vorträge und Diskussionen der Referenten und Teilnehmer über Chancen und Perspektiven für Biomethan. Im Fokus standen die EEG-Novellierung, neue Instrumente wie die Direktvermarktung von Biogasstrom, Fragen zum Biomethanhandel, Verfahren zur Biogasaufbereitung sowie innovative Verfahren zur Herstellung der Netzkonformität. Weitere Informationen zum Workshop, wie z. B. die dort gezeigten Präsentationsfolien, sowie aktuelle Studien zum Thema Biogaseinspeisung finden Sie auf der Internetseite www.biogaseinspeisung.de oder www.umsicht.fraunhofer.de . Der 6. Workshop "Biogaseinspeisung" wird am 15. / 16. Mai 2013 in Oberhausen stattfinden. FRAUNHOFER UMSICHT - WIR BIETEN TECHNOLOGIE, DIE SICH AUSZAHLT! Technische Neuerungen in den Bereichen Umwelt-, Werkstoff-, Prozess- und Energietechnik sind unser Know-how, die Förderung nachhaltigen Wirtschaftens, umweltschonender Technologien und innovativen Verhaltens unser Ziel. Unser Wunsch: Die Lebensqualität der Menschen zu verbessern und die Innovationsfähigkeit der Wirtschaft zu fördern
Entwicklung von Optimierungskonzepten an einer bestehenden Biogasanlage zur energetischen Effizienzsteigerung
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Temperature-dependent mulch film degradation behavior on compost and isolation of bioplastic degrading compost microorganisms
No full textThe petrochemical plastics have been mentioned as a major cause of the environmental pollution. To alter the fossil fuel-based plastics, bioplastics has been arising as an alternative, promising a sustainable recycle of natural resources. Focusing on the importance of bioplastic in agriculture, this study investigated the degradation behavior of biodegradable mulch film (BDM) on the compost at five different temperatures, ranging from psychrophilic to thermophilic. Separately, the biotic effect of the compost on the BDM degradation was examined by isolating BDM degrading compost microorganisms. A rapid decomposition emerged at 30 °C and 45 °C, supporting the hypothesis that the high temperature enhances BDM degradation. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) inspection could not deliver details of film morphology due to the biofilm and compost rest remaining on the BDM surface. The changes of material’s physical property also supported the positive relation between BDM degradation rate and temperature. A rapid loss of BDM tensile strength and flexibility was observed proportional to the incubation temperature. The chemical and thermodynamical property during the material degradation could not be adequately interpretated due to the interference of compost on BDM. A constant proliferation of biofilm was perceived over time in the form of compost and microbial accumulation on the BDM surface. The positive effect of mechanical stress on the biotic degradation was estimated. Through the enrichment culture and 16S/18S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) sequencing, 7 compost microorganisms were isolated and identified as potential BDM degraders. The ability to degrade BDM by the isolates was assessed based on the known hydrolases from other studies. A strong demand for the sample wash method development was discussed in the end of the study. A requirement to development of an adequate method to collect biofilm from the BDM is mentioned. The application of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and microbial community sequencing was suggested to examine the compost’s biotic effect to the BDM degradation. This study emphasizes the multidisciplinary investigation on bioplastics. A profound understanding of both bioplastic material and microbial bioplastic utilization could synergistically improve the development of novel bioplastic concerning its’ life cycle in the natural resource management
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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