1,720,963 research outputs found
Land regularization through participatory approach in Tanzania : the case of Ubungo Darajani -- Dar es Salaam
No full textCommunity Land Regularization in Ubungo Darajani stemmed from common problems in the community. These include poor vehicular accessibility, increasing land conflict and fear of eviction by the government due to insecure tenure. The commonly felt problems obliged the community to come together and collectively work to address land development and management (regularization) problems. Community togetherness is seen as an instrument for engendering social capital as well as strategy for resource mobilization. They were attracted to belong to the common course at the same time they wanted to associate with community achievements. This is power of collective and social network theory. Their effective mobilization, coordination among the actors and effective linkage with other institutions such as University College of Lands and Architectural Studies (UCLAS), the Kinondoni Municipal Authority, Utility Agencies and the Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements Development were the basis for the achievement recorded in this area. In addition, the trust, networking capacity building, common norms and rules negotiation were important factors leading to success of the project. Community participation guarantees that a felt need is involved, sense of ownership, an intrinsic value and a catalyst for further development efforts.
The study concludes that unless the land Regularisation activities on going in informal settlements are closely monitored and regulated as the settlement grow, it will be costly socially and economically to retrofit. (Author abstract)Kessy, J. D. (2005). Land regularisation through participatory approach in Tanzania : the case of Ubungo Darajani -- Dar es Salaam. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)School of Community Economic Developmen
Community participation in urban infrastructure provision Servicing informal settlements in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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The Urban Land Nexus– Challenges and Opportunities of Regularising Informal Settlements: The Case Studies of Dar es Salaam and Mwanza in Tanzania
Full text linkInformal settlements in Tanzania accommodate more than 70% of the urban population. Owing to this, the Tanzanian government has undertaken several initiatives to address the growing size and number of informal settlements. One such initiative is regularisation which addresses security of tenure for residents of these settlements. Most of the people living in informal settlements lack legal land ownership and as a result properties in such settlements have relatively less value and lack security of tenure. Providing security of tenure is believed to encourage investment into informal households and facilitate the provision of urban services. This study aims to evaluate the process of regularisation in three Tanzanian settlements; Magengenu in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania’s largest city), Ibungilo and Isamilo in Mwanza city (the nation’s second largest city). Using qualitative data the paper explores the challenges and opportunities that emerged from regularisation. Findings indicate that the regularisation process has facilitated the issuance of title deeds, increased land value and security of tenure. However, a number of challenges were highlighted during regularisation. These include an over-emphasis on the protection of private rights while undermining public interests, a lack of harmonised cost for regularisation, and prolonged delays in completing the regularisation process. These require policy actions, particularly reviewing the national informal settlements regularisation guidelines, as a way to address the weaknesses emerging from regularisation projects in the studied settlements. We conclude that land regularisation remains an important tool to enhance livable cities and protect long-term public and private interests in land development. In order to achieve this, supportive policy actions are required to support the protection of public interests in land regularisation and harmonise the costs of regularisation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Sense of Ownership in Municipal Water Provision and Management: The Case of Tabata Community Water Supply in Dar es Salaam
No full textThe last decade of the twentieth century witnessed the emergence of the use of community participation in various development activities as a means to achieve sustainability of projects and programmes initiated. Community mobilisation and participation was employed to create trust, self-help spirit and, more importantly, the sense of ownership of projects and programmes. Sensitisation of the people that the services belong to them and that they are duty bound to participate and contribute in the construction process and maintain them after construction was greatly done. Community-based water supply initiative in Tabata is one of the community efforts in which community participation was widely employed. This paper explores the developed sense of ownership and its implication to project sustainability. It further identifies the actors involved, their contribution and significance in the projects development and management. The paper also draws implications related to community projects using water supply as the unit of analysis. It also gives recommendations for enhancement of building a sustained sense of ownership in community projects to make them more sustainable. The purpose is to inform the policy makers, researchers, local communities’ leaders on the factors to be considered in planning for community projects. Study findings reveal that existence of the collective interest and the subsequent collective actions coupled with the use of participatory methodology are important for building a substantial sense of ownership to community members. However, existence of limiting factors such as lack of incentives, discontinuation of the service to the people, and lack of regular community activities which involve people resulted into declining sense of ownership and hence project development was inhibited. The sustainability of the project has been negatively affected, whereby only 22 percent of the water points were properly functioning, 17 percent damaged and 61 percent had not been functioning for more than one year. To redress the situation, it is recommended that communities should be involved in community activities on regular basis and participatory community works should be reviewed on regular basis for improvement to develop a feeling of being valued. This could be done by giving responsibilities to the people in community activities on continuous basis, and developing multiple sources of funds to finance operation and maintenance.Â
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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