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Denizli il Merkezinde imara açık alanlardaki zeminlerin jeoteknik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
No full textvııı Denizli city center is located on Pliocene aged sediment and Quaternery aged alluvium fan and alluvium deposits that overlies Pliocene aged sediments with a discordance. Alluvium fan and alluvium sediments consist of different types of schist, quartz, quartzite and marble that have different grain size, Alluviums contain metamorphic rock fragments with pieces of traverten together. There are tension fissures at Yenişehir which are located on the South frontier of investigation area. Denizli city center is surrounded with active and possibly active faults and it is located on an earthquake hazard zone. In Denizli and vicinity, in the area between 28°-31° E, 36°-39° N coordinates, 256 earthquake records whose magnitudes are bigger than 4 (M>4). Their hypocentre depth are between 10 km and 50 km. Soil which covers Denizli city center has high permeability, consists of material which has high/large grain-size and has properties of unconfined-confined aquifer. The depth of graundwater level is approximately 65 m arround Yenişehir and Kınıklı and towards ENE groundwater level is near the surface of ground. Groundwater in Denizli city center flows from SW\.o NNE of the studying area as proper with topographic slope. SO/ concentration in groundwater in the W of studying area is lower than ammount of SO/ in the E of studying area; Amount of Mg++ is between value of 5 (meq/l) and value of 40 (meq/l); pH value is between 7.1-7.8; According to CO/, Mg++, SO/ and pH value; it is not harmfull for concrete. Groundwater in Denizli city center is suitable for drinking and its hardness is less than 50. In Denizli city center disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken from base holes where site observations were carried out and these samples were tested in the laboratory. As a result of laboratory experiment the following soil properties were found: The allowable bearing capacity of the ground in the observation site (qsafety) is between 110 kN/m2 and 350 kN/m2 when B=2, Df=2 m and Gs=3 is taken Uniaxial compressive strengths (quttmat^) of soil samples are between 110 kN/m2 and 770 kN/m2 but in Saraylar Mahallesi it is (qj=50 kN/m2. The soil type is generally SM and SC, except for Demokrasi Square where CL and ML and İstiklal Mahallesi Suluköprü region and Saraylar Mahallesi of Denizli the soil type is SW and SP. The investigated soils in Denizli city center have medium of Atterberg limits according to the data that were obtained from the uniaxial compressive test.VII Denizli il merkezi, Pliyosen yaşlı gölsel tortullar ile bunlar üzerinde uyumsuz olarak bulunan Kuvaterner yaşlı alüvyon yelpazeleri ve alüvyonlar üzerinde bulunur. Gölsel tortullar; kumtaşı, silttaşı, marn, kiltaşı ardalanmasından oluşur. Alüvyon yelpazesi; bloklu çakıltaşı, çakıltaşı, kumtaşı ve çamurtaşından; Alüvyonlar ise gevşek, tutturulmamış, çakıl, kum, silt ve kil ile temsil edilir. İnceleme alanının güney sınırında yer alan Yenişehir'de yaygın tansiyon çatlakları vardır. Bu gibi güncel çatlakların bulunduğu sahaların belirlenmesi ve ayrıntılı jeolojik çalışmaların yapılması gereklidir. Denizli il merkezi diri ve muhtemel diri fay zonları ile çevrili olup, I. derece deprem bölgesi içerisinde bulunmaktadır. Yatman ve diğ., (1993)'ten elde edilen verilere göre, 1970-1990 yıllan arasında, Denizli ve yakın çevresinde, 28°-31° D, 36°-39° K koordinatları arasındaki alanda, M>4 olan 256 adet deprem meydana gelmiştir. Bu depremlerin odak derinliği 10 km ile 50 km arasındadır. Denizli il merkezindeki zemin yüksek geçirgenliğe sahip, iri taneli malzemeden oluşmakta, serbest ve basınçlı akifer özelliği taşımaktadır. Çalışma alanındaki yeraltısuyu seviyesi, batı-güneybatıda yer alan Yenişehir ve Kınıklı civarında ortalama 65 m derinliğinde olup doğu-kuzeydoğuya doğru gidildikçe, yeraltısuyu seviyesi zemin yüzeyine yaklaşmaktadır. Denizli il merkezindeki yeraltısuyu, topoğrafik eğime uyumlu olarak, güneybatıdan, kuzey-kuzeydoğu yönüne doğru hareket etmektedir. Yeraltısuyunda S04= miktarı (mek/l) çalışma alanının batısında nisbeten düşük, doğusunda ise yüksek değerlerdedir; Mg4"* miktarı
Acıpayam ovası (Denizli) zeminlerinin jeolojik, jeoteknik, hidrojeolojik ve depremsellik açıdan incelenmesi
No full textBu tez çalışması Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından 2022FBE058 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştirDenizli İli’ nin 35 km güney doğusunda yer alan Acıpayam İlçesi yerleşiminin büyük bir kesimi, KB-GD doğrultulu eğim atımlı normal faylarla şekillenen Acıpayam Ovası içinde ve kenarındaki alanlarda yerleşmiştir. Bu tez çalışması, Acıpayam Ovası içindeki yerleşim yerlerinin jeolojik, jeoteknik, hidrojeolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve kentleşme açısından değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma alanında yapılmış imara esas etüt raporlarında, jeoteknik sondajlar, gözlem çukurları verileri, zemin örneklerinin deney sonuçları, sondajlardaki yeraltısuyu seviyeleri, sismik kırılma ve mikrotemör ölçüm verileri derlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bu tez kapsamında 2022FBE058 numaralı PAÜ BAP projesi kapsamında farklı noktalarda derinlikleri 8 m ile 26 m arasında değişen 14 adet jeoteknik sondaj çalışması, zemin ve kayaların fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Zeminlerin dinamik özelliklerinin incelenmesi kapsamında 15 farklı alanda serim uzunluğu 72m olan sismik kırılma ve Mikrotremör ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Yukarıda değinilen tüm veriler KUMSAR-GIS programının JEOKBS Modülünde, Ova içinde DSİ tarafından açılmış 87 adet yeraltısuyu sondajlarının jeolojik ve hidrojeolojik logları da aynı yazılımın YAS-CBS Modülü Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemine aktarılmıştır. Tüm veriler değerlendirildiğinde, çalışma alanı içinde zemin yüzeyinden 10 m derinlik için sismik makaslama dalgalarının yayılma hızları (Vs) ovanın iç kesimlerinde 114 m/sn ile 200 m/sn arasında, ova kenarlarına yaklaştıkça 200 m/sn ile 350 m/sn arasında, Vs30 değerleri ise 155.2 m/sn ile 413.1 m/sn arasında değişmektedir. Çalışma alanındaki zeminlerin büyütme değerleri 0,83 ile 5,43 arasındadır. Yerleşim alanlarındaki zeminlerinin şişme basıncı değerleri 0 kPa ile 0.5 kPa arasında, şişme yüzdesi değerleri %0 ile %6.2 arasında değişmektedir. İnceleme alanındaki zeminler genellikle CL ve CH sınıfındadır. Bazı sondajlarda SC grubu zeminlerin varlığı belirlenmiştir. Geleneksel sıvılaşma analiz yöntemlerine göre kum tane boyundaki kolay sıvılaşabilir zeminler inceleme alanında sınırlı alandadır. Ova içinde yeraltısuyunun statik seviyesi 1m ile 20m arasındaki derinliklerde değişmektedir. Deprem yükleri altında sadece kumlu ve siltli zeminlerin sıvılaşabileceği olgusu yaygın olarak bilinmektedir. Ancak, laboratuvarda yapılan model deneylerinde suya doygun killi zeminlerde de sıvılaşmaya benzer zemin hareketlerinin de gelişebileceği deneysel olarak ortaya konmuştur. Bu konu, ileriki çalışmalarda dinamik model deneyleri ile ayrıntılı olarak araştırılmalıdır.A large part of the Acıpayam, 55 km SE of Denizli, is took placed in and around the Acıpayam Plain, which is shaped by NW-SE trending dip-slip normal faults. The study was carried out to determine the geological, geotechnical and hydrogeological characteristics of the settlement areas and to evaluate them in terms of urbanization. From the zoning surveys prepared before, geotechnical drillings, observation pits, drilling and observation pit data, test results of ground samples, groundwater levels in the drillings, seismic refractions and microtremor measurements data were compiled. In addition, in this thesis, 14 geotechnical drillings with depths from 8 m to 26 m at different points within the scope of the PAU-BAP project (No: 2022FBE058), and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil and rocks were evaluated. The dynamic properties of the soils, seismic refraction and microtremor measurements were made in 15 different areas. All the data yielded were transferred to the JEOKBS module of the Kumsar-Gis program, and the geological and hydrogeological logs of 87 groundwater boreholes by DSI in the plain were transferred to the GIS digital databases of the YAS-GIS module of the same software. When all data are evaluated, the propagation speeds (Vs) of the seismic shear waves for a depth of 10 m from the ground surface in the study area are between 114 m/s and 200 m/s in the inner parts of the plain, and between 200 m/s and 350 m/s towards the basin margins, by the way, the Vs30 values are between 155.2 m/sec to 413.1 m/sec. The magnification values of the soils are between 0.83 and 5.43. The swelling pressure values vary from 0 kPa to 0.5 kPa, and the swelling percentages vary from 0% to 6.2%. The soils in the area are mostly in CL and CH classes based on the combined soil class. The presence of SC group soils was determined in some boreholes. According to traditional liquefaction analysis, easily liquefiable sandy soils size are in the limited area. The static level of groundwater in boreholes are between 1m and 20 m deep. It is widely known that only sandy and sandy-silty soils can liquefy under earthquake loads. However, in the model experiments carried out in the laboratory within in the study, it has been experimentally demonstrated that liquefaction can also develop in clayey soils saturated. It is suggested that this issue should be investigated in detail through the model experiments and field applications in future studies
Assessment of the earthquake potential of the west Aegean region of Turkey based on seismicity, tectonics, crustal deformation and geo-archaeological evidence and its geotechnical aspects
No full textThe western Aegean region of Turkey is highly populated; the centrally-located city of Izmir is the third largest city in Turkey. This region has suffered very large earthquakes in the past, of which one of the most devastating occurred in 1928. Some areas are particularly prone to severe ground liquefaction. This study is concerned with the earthquake potential of the region, focusing on a possible earthquake faulting mechanism and its associated characteristics based on historical and current regional seismicity, tectonics, crustal deformation and geo-archaeological evidence. The first part of the study presents a faulting mechanism, tectonics, recurrences and the fundamental characteristics of existing faults and past earthquakes. Then, the characteristics of potential earthquakes are discussed in light of evaluations of recent crustal deformation and empirical relations developed for Turkey by the first author. The final part presents geotechnical aspects, including liquefaction and the characteristics of strong ground motions recorded in the region, such as spectral acceleration, attenuation of maximum ground acceleration and velocity. Furthermore, their possible implications are discussed in view of current Turkish seismic design codes. The faulting mechanism of regional earthquakes has indicated that the classical horst-graben concept does not explain the earthquake mechanism in the region of concern. The magnitude of earthquakes inferred from the length and type of known active faults may be up to 7.7. Based on an evaluation of crustal deformation in the region, the highest disturbing stress and mean stress concentration with a compressive character occurs in close proximity to İzmir. The spectral accelerations generally exceed those of Turkish seismic design codes. The liquefaction potential in areas of alluvial quaternary deposits is particularly high and is one of the major geotechnical issues in light of historical records and evaluations presented in this manuscript. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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