1,095 research outputs found
Editorial. The Faces of Mania. The Legacy of Athanasios Koukopoulos
No full textThe concept of “Mania” is intimately linked to the evolution of psychiatry itself. The Legacy of Athanasios Koukopoulos
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic was followed by lifestyle changes worldwide [...
Evolution of International Psychiatry
No full textInternational psychiatry is currently facing serious challenges triggered by the global economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. These global events lead to the need to broaden our nosographic and therapeutic horizons, and to make use of the newest psychological approaches and the latest neuroscience acquisitions. The focus should be on the psychological consequences of the pandemic, not only on people suffering from mental disorders, but also on the general population, for which the risk of developing psychic symptoms appears to be increased. A population that needs special attention is that of health workers involved in the management of the pandemic. In facing these problems, psychiatry today can use numerous new clinical applications and technologies in the fields of precision medicine. These include genomics, neuroimaging, and microbiomics, which can also be integrated with each other through machine learning systems. They can provide new contributions both in treatment personalization and in the evolution of nosographic systems. Besides this, the contribution of psychotherapies and dynamic and clinical psychology appears to be indispensable for a complete understanding of the clinical and personological aspects of patients. This journal aims to include innovative studies deriving from original, clinical, and basic research in the fields of mental health, precision psychiatry, genomics, neuroimaging, neuropsychopharmacology, and dynamic and clinical psychology
Prevention of depression in children, adolescents, and young adults. the role of teachers and parents
No full textMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and other affective disorders may surreptitiously arise in children and adolescents during their school period and impair their social and educational functioning. Besides the social and personal burden, which are increased during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the onset of depression may compromise the future of the growing person with chronicity and recurrence. In this context, educators’ training is essential to detect early the onset of a depressive disorder, to spare later consequences through the timely establishment of adequate treatment. The educational staff should receive adequate training to be able to work closely with healthcare providers and parents, thus directing the young person with an affective disorder to the right psychological and pharmacological treatment provider, i.e., a specialized psychologist or psychiatrist. The first approach should be to establish a trustful relationship with the adolescent and his/her classmates, to reduce social and self-stigma and inform about mental illness. If symptoms do not subside and the suffering child or adolescent fails to reintegrate within his/her school environment, cognitive–behavioral interventions are recommended that are individual, group, or computer-based. When needed, these should be implemented with individualized pharmacotherapy
Pharmacotherapy for hoarding disorder. how did the picture change since its excision from ocd
No full textThis brief review deals with the various issues that contributed to the creation of the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual condition of hoarding disorder (HD) and attempts at reviewing its pharmacotherapy. It appears that after the newly founded diagnosis appeared in the literature as an autonomous entity, distinct from obsessive-compulsive disorder, drug trials are not being conducted and the disorder is left in the hands of psychotherapists, who on their part, report fair results in some core dimensions of HD. The few trials on HD specifically regard the serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine, and, possibly due to the suggestion of a common biological background of HD with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the psychostimulant methylphenidate and the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine. For all these drugs, positive results have been reported, but the evidence level of these studies is low, due to small samples and non-blind designs. Regretfully, there are currently no future studies aiming at seriously testing drugs in HD
Functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of first-episode psychoses during attentional and memory task performance
No full textBackground. The nature of the alteration of the response to cognitive tasks in first-episode psychosis (FEP) still awaits clarification. We used Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE), an increasingly used method in evaluating normal and pathological brain function, to identify activation changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of FEP during attentional and memory tasks. Methods. We included 11 peer-reviewed fMRI studies assessing FEP patients vs. healthy controls (HCs) during performance of attentional and memory tasks. Results. Our database comprised 290 patients with FEP, matched with 316 HCs. Between-group analyses showed that HCs, compared to FEP patients, exhibited hyperactivation of the right middle frontal gyrus (BA 9), right inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), and right insula (BA 13) during attentional task performances, and hyperactivation of the left insula (BA 13) during memory task performances. Conclusions. Right frontal, parietal, and insular dysfunction during attentional task performance, and left insular dysfunction during memory task performance, are significant neural functional FEP correlates
Efficacy of nicotine administration on obsessions and compulsions in OCD: a systematic review
No full textBackground: Preliminary studies have tested nicotine as a novel treatment for OCD patients who respond partially/ incompletely or not at all to frst and second-line treatment strategies, with the former represented by SSRIs or clomipramine, and the latter by switching to another SSRI, or augmentation with atypical antipsychotics, and/or combination with/switching to cognitive–behavioural therapy. Some studies found nicotine-induced reduction of obsessive thoughts and/or compulsive behaviour in OCD patients. We aimed to evaluate the efcacy of nicotine administration in OCD patients.
Methods: We searched the PubMed, ScienceDirect Scopus, CINHAL, Cochrane, PsycINFO/PsycARTICLES, and EMBASE databases from inception to the present for relevant papers. The ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses’ (PRISMA) standards were used. We included all studies focusing on the efects of nicotine administration on OCD patients’ obsessions or compulsions. Studies could be open-label, cross-sectional, randomized controlled trials, case series or case reports.
Results: A total of fve studies could be included. Nicotine administration may ameliorate behavioural features and recurrent thoughts of severe, treatment-resistant OCD patients; however, in one study it was not associated with OC symptom improvement or cognitive enhancement across various executive function subdomains.
Conclusions: Although encouraging, the initial positive response from the use of nicotine in OCD needs testing in large controlled studies. This, however, raises ethical issues related to nicotine administration, due to its addiction potential, which were not addressed in the limited literature we examined. As an alternative, novel treatments with drugs able to mimic only the positive efects of nicotine could be implemented
Factors affecting trust and communication in global virtual teams
No full textAuthor Georgios GousiasMasterarbeit Universität Linz 2022Arbeit auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
Factors affecting trust and communication in global virtual teams
No full textAuthor Georgios GousiasMasterarbeit Universität Linz 2022Arbeit auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
A systematic review of manic/hypomanic and depressive switches in patients with bipolar disorder in naturalistic settings: The role of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs
No full textThe present systematic review was aimed at critically summarizing the evidence about treatment-emergent manic/hypomanic and depressive switches during the course of bipolar disorder (BD). A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycInfo electronic databases was conducted until March 24th, 2021, according to the P referred R eporting I tems for S ystematic Reviews and M eta- A nalyses ( PRISMA ) statement. Observational studies clearly reporting data regarding the prevalence of treatment-emergent mood switches in patients with BD were considered for inclusion. Thirty-two original studies met the inclusion criteria. In the majority of cases, manic switches were analyzed; only 3 papers investigated depressive switches in type I BD. Treatment-emergent mania/hypomania in BD subjects ranged from 17.3% to 48.8% and was more frequent with antidepressant monotherapy compared to combination treatment with mood stabilizers, especially lithium, or second-generation antipsychotics. A higher likelihood of mood switch has been reported with tricyclics and a lower rate with bupropion. Depressive switches were detected in 5-16% of type I BD subjects and were associated with first-generation antipsychotic use, the concomitant use of first- and second-generation antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The included studies presented considerable methodological heterogeneity, small sample sizes and comparability flaws. In conclusion, many studies, although heterogeneous and partly discordant, have been conducted on manic/hypomanic switches, whereas depressive switches during treatment with antipsychotics are poorly investigated. In BD subjects, both antidepressant and antipsychotic medications seems to play a role in the occurrence of mood switches, although the effects of different pharmacological compounds have yet to be fully investigated
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