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IWT TETRA Eindrapport: OptiThe_Ox2
No full textIn this report, we have summarized the research strategy and the results from the TETRA project OptiThe_Ox2, which was conducted by Hasselt University in collaboration with 12 companies active in the Belgian and Dutch packaging and food industry (2013-2015). The OptiThe_Ox2 project “Optimization of gas permeability of thermoformed packaging through improved insight in material, process and design” was supported by grants from the Agency of Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT).
I would like to thank all the participating companies and Pack4FOOD for their contribution and constructive cooperation. I also thank the companies that supplied the test materials (ANL Plastics, Ter Beke, EuralPack, SABIC and Kuraray EVAL Europe) and I thank Jan Mortier for excellent assistance in thermoforming the samples at Cobelplast, Geert Herremans (Kuraray, EVAL Europe) and Marnik Vaes (SABIC) for presenting and sharing technical information in the second user group meeting and Jelle Sterckx for his help setting up the sterilization process in Bioville.
Last but not least, I especially thank Griet Knockaert for the perfect execution of the project and the accurate analysis of all results, as well as my colleagues Dimitri Adons, Nadia Lepot, Gudrun Nowicki, Riet Henno, Bram Bamps and Roos Peeters from the Packaging Technology Center and Martine Van Hamel, Jan Yperman and Robert Carleer from the research group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry.
I hope you enjoy reading the results from the OptiThe_Ox2 project.
Mieke Buntinx
September 2015
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Materials and methods
Chapter 3 Evaluation of the thickness and gas permeability properties of selected PET sheet materials and their thermoformed trays
Chapter 4 Evaluation of the thickness and gas permeability properties of PLA and PLA/EVOH/PLA sheets and their thermoformed trays
Chapter 5 Evaluation of the thickness and gas permeability properties of selected PP sheet materials and their thermoformed trays
Chapter 6 Evaluation of thickness and barrier properties of selected PP/EVOH/PP materials before and after retorting.
Chapter 7 Literature review on additives (Scavengers, Fillers, Nucleating agents, Foaming agents)
Chapter 8 Summary of OTR results
Chapter 9 Annexes
Chapter 10 ReferencesIWT TETRA project 12014
IWT TETRA Eindrapport: OptiThe_Ox2
No full textIn this report, we have summarized the research strategy and the results from the TETRA project OptiThe_Ox2, which was conducted by Hasselt University in collaboration with 12 companies active in the Belgian and Dutch packaging and food industry (2013-2015). The OptiThe_Ox2 project “Optimization of gas permeability of thermoformed packaging through improved insight in material, process and design” was supported by grants from the Agency of Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT).
I would like to thank all the participating companies and Pack4FOOD for their contribution and constructive cooperation. I also thank the companies that supplied the test materials (ANL Plastics, Ter Beke, EuralPack, SABIC and Kuraray EVAL Europe) and I thank Jan Mortier for excellent assistance in thermoforming the samples at Cobelplast, Geert Herremans (Kuraray, EVAL Europe) and Marnik Vaes (SABIC) for presenting and sharing technical information in the second user group meeting and Jelle Sterckx for his help setting up the sterilization process in Bioville.
Last but not least, I especially thank Griet Knockaert for the perfect execution of the project and the accurate analysis of all results, as well as my colleagues Dimitri Adons, Nadia Lepot, Gudrun Nowicki, Riet Henno, Bram Bamps and Roos Peeters from the Packaging Technology Center and Martine Van Hamel, Jan Yperman and Robert Carleer from the research group of Applied and Analytical Chemistry.
I hope you enjoy reading the results from the OptiThe_Ox2 project.
Mieke Buntinx
September 2015
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Materials and methods
Chapter 3 Evaluation of the thickness and gas permeability properties of selected PET sheet materials and their thermoformed trays
Chapter 4 Evaluation of the thickness and gas permeability properties of PLA and PLA/EVOH/PLA sheets and their thermoformed trays
Chapter 5 Evaluation of the thickness and gas permeability properties of selected PP sheet materials and their thermoformed trays
Chapter 6 Evaluation of thickness and barrier properties of selected PP/EVOH/PP materials before and after retorting.
Chapter 7 Literature review on additives (Scavengers, Fillers, Nucleating agents, Foaming agents)
Chapter 8 Summary of OTR results
Chapter 9 Annexes
Chapter 10 ReferencesIWT TETRA project 12014
Effect van thermische en hogedrukprocesvoering op beta-caroteen conversies en biotoegankelijkheid: een studie op wortelgebaseerde producten
No full textß-Carotene is an important micronutrient, because of its health-related properties. Carrots (Daucus carota) are a good source of ß-carotene in the human diet and are consumed fresh or as processed products (e.g. soups, juices, purees,
). Thermal processing, which is a conventional preservation technique for high moisture foods, is however known to negatively affect some quality aspects of carrots. In this context, high pressure processing with or without heat has been developed as an alternative preservation technique to thermal processing. The objective of this work was to compare the effect of thermal and high pressure processing, with or without heat, on ß-carotene. In the first part, the effect on ß-carotene conversions (isomerization and degradation) was investigated. In the second part, the effect of thermal and equivalent high pressure pasteurization and sterilization processes on ß-carotene concentration and bioaccessibility, measured by an in vitro digestion process, was studied in two different carrot-based products (carrot discs and carrot puree). Moreover, the impact of high pressure homogenization and addition of oil during the preparation of the carrot puree was investigated. During thermal processing, ß-carotene isomerization occurred and was clearly accelerated by the presence of oil. This is the result of solubilization of ß-carotene crystals in the oil droplets which makes them more susceptible to high temperatures. In an oil/carrot emulsion, as well as in an oil phase enriched with carrot ß-carotene, ß-carotene isomerization during thermal processing (85 °C 130 °C) could be modeled by a fractional conversion model and did not significantly differ between the two matrices. 13-Cis-ß-carotene was the most important cis-isomer formed, followed by 15-cis-ß-carotene. The formation of 9-cis-ß-carotene only became pronounced after long treatments (> 30 to 60 min) at process temperatures above 115 °C. During combined thermal/high pressure processing on the other hand, ß-carotene isomerization occurred quite differently in both matrices and was dependent on the presence or absence of carrot cells. In an oil/carrot emulsion, ß-carotene isomerization was limited. Strengthening of the cell walls and formation of a pectin network in the cell wall of carrot cells during combined thermal/high pressure processing was hypothesized to hinder the transfer of ß-carotene to the oil phase, thereby protecting ß-carotene to isomerization. In the enriched oil phase on the other hand, in which no carrot cells are present, ß-carotene isomerization was not limited and was found to be pressure independent at 100 °C and to be almost temperature independent at 700 MPa. In contrast to thermal isomerization, thermal ß-carotene degradation was less pronounced in the enriched oil phase compared to the oil/carrot emulsion, possibly as a result of competition between fatty acids and ß-carotene foroxidation in the enriched oil phase. High pressure furthermore did not clearly affect ß-carotene degradation. High pressure homogenization of carrot puree at 50 MPa or higher could significantly increase the ß-carotene bioaccessibility. Thermal pasteurization as well as sterilization could always improve the ß-carotene bioaccessibility in carrot discs or in carrot puree and the effect was more pronounced when oil was present. For high pressure processing of carrot products on the other hand, the effect on ß-carotene bioaccessibility was dependent on the degree of intactness of the matrix and on the intensity level of the process. In most cases however, high pressure processing did not improve the ß-carotene bioaccessibility, not even when oil was present. In conclusion, the present work indicates that high pressure processing does not have a clear advantage over thermal processing concerning the selected nutritional quality parameters of carrot puree or carrot discs. In contrast to thermal processing, high pressure processing does not always result in an improved ß-carotene bioaccessibility compared to untreated carrot products. For thermal processing on the other hand, even in cases where processing resulted in ß-carotene loss by isomerization and/or degradation, the increase in ß-carotene bioaccessibility was probably high enough to transcend the negative effect caused by possible isomerization and/or degradation.status: Publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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