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About the Forms of the First Strokes in "う", "え" and "ら" in Shosha(書写), which is Taught in Elementary School
No full text高等学校芸術科書道は義務教育の国語科書写を基礎としている. しかし, それらは教科科目が違うためか別々に発展し, 今や一貫性のないものとなり, 学習者に混乱を与えている. 中学校書写では, 書写の楷書に少しだけ実画の連綿を取り入れた独特の行書が教えられ, 小学校書写では実画の連綿は勿論, 太さの変化や墨の潤滑も排除して書くことが望まれる. これらは書道の基礎ではなく, 寧ろ書道を否定的に捉える価値観を学習者に植え付けてしまう. そこで, 高等学校書道の基礎を築くために, 書写における平仮名学習に注目したい. 小学校書写においては, 文部科学省による『小学校学習指導要領』で, 「正しく, 整えて, 丁寧に」書くことが目標とされる, しかし, 平仮名にはその指標となる「正しい」字形が提示されておらず, 様々な字形が存在する特にはねや止め等の細部は統一が図られていない. そこで, それらの字形を整理しその後の書写書道の基礎を築けるような教材を作ることが, 一貫した書写書道教育構築の第一歩であると考える. 平仮名字形は, 漢字に比べて難易度の高い筆画を多く含み, 書道で扱う様々な古典・古筆の基礎を身につけることが可能な字形である. 本論文では特に一画目の点に着目し, これまでに書写で登場した様々な形を整理し, 書道を目指した理想の形と書き方を提示する.Kokugoka Shosha(国語科書写) is taught in elementary and junior high school with the intention of building the foundation for Shodo (書道), which is taught in high school. However, because Kokugoka Shosha and Shodo evolved independently they do not compliment each other, but tend to confuse students. In junior high school students learn Gyosho (行書) style writing by slightly connecting the lines of Kaisha (楷書) style. In elementary school writings that show the least amount of creativity by strictly copying the character are considered good works. This manner of teaching Kokugoka Shosha instills a contradictory value with regards to Shodo instead of being the basis for a student's learning. It is for this reason that I would like to look at the forms of hiragana as a basis for Shodo. The Ministry of Education defines the goal for elementary students as learning to write in a "correct, well-structured, and careful" manner. There is no one correct set of forms for hiragana and the details vary. My hope is to organize the existing forms and establish a solid foundation on which Shosha and Shodo can be taught. Because there are more complex characters in hiragana than in kanji, I believe students can acquire a wider range of writing techniques. In this paper I propose the ideal hiragana and writing technique as a basis for Shodo by organizing the forms with an emphasis on the first strokes
About the Forms of the Rotation to the Right in Shosha(書写), which is Taught in Elementary School
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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