1,721,137 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The life and times of King Ja Ja of Opobo, 1812-1895
No full textThe title of this study is ’’The Life and Times of King Ja Ja of Opobo, 1812-1895"* The central theme, therefore, is the study of a man. King Ja Ja’s life history provides not only a fascinating case study of an African ruler’s response to British imperial expansion in the nineteenth century, but, above all, a rare instance of indigenous African reaction to the forces of ’’Western Civilisation”#
Ja Ja was a great man. Great men of course, do not arise in a vacuum, and factors such as childhood influences and exceptional opportunities for advancement may be as significant in the making of greatness as individual ability. In Ja Ja’s case, the politico-social and economic organisations of Bonny, Britain’s ideas about civilising the Niger Belta and a superb intellect and vision conspired to produce Ja Ja, King of Opobo.
The significance of the man-on-the-spot is seen in the fact that it was on the basis of reports f'rom consular officials that Britain began to encroach upon King Ja Ja’s empire. Ja Ja’s reaction to this encroachment which culminated in his deportation reveals two cultures in conflict. Even in exile, Ja Ja continued to defend his stand against the British. He regarded himself, and was regarded by others as the King of Opobo.
The most significant fact however was the attitude of Opobo people after Ja Ja’s deportation. They stood firm against European penetration of the interior, continued to look to Ja Ja as their King and after his death, would not elect a new Head until the traditional funeral ceremonials had been observed for Ja Ja. As far as Opobo men were concerned, if King Ja Ja lost his throne, the lost sovereign rights did not accrue to Britain
IMPAIRED ALLOCENTRIC SPATIAL MEMORY UNDERLYNG TOPOGRAPHICAL DISORIENTATION
No full textThe cognitive processes supporting spatial navigation are considered in the context of a patient (CF) with possible very early Alzheimer's disease who presents with topographical disorientation. Her verbal memory and her recognition memory for unknown buildings, landmarks and outdoor scenes was intact, although she showed an impairment in face processing. By contrast, her navigational ability, quantitatively assessed within a small virtual reality (VR) town, was significantly impaired. Interestingly, she showed a selective impairment in a VR object-location memory test whenever her viewpoint was shifted between presentation and test, but not when tested from the same viewpoint. We suggest that a specific impairment in locating objects relative to the environment rather than relative to the perceived viewpoint (i.e. allocentric rather than egocentric spatial memory) underlies her topographical disorientation. We discuss the likely neural bases of this deficit in the light of related studies in humans and animals, focusing on the hippocampus and related areas. The specificity of our test indicates a new way of assessing topographical disorientation, with possible application to the assessment of progressive dementias such as Alzheimer's disease
Localization and characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormones in the brain, gonads, and plasma of a dipnoi (lungfish, Protopterus annectens)
No full textNEUROANATOMICAL ORGANIZATION OF GNRH NEURONAL SYSTEMS IN THE LIZARD (PODARCIS S SICULA) BRAIN DURING DEVELOPMENT
No full textThe ontogenesis of the GnRH neuronal systems was studied in the brain of the lizard, Podacris s. sicula, by immunohistochemistry. The first GnRH neurons were seen in the mesencephalon on the 45th day of incubation. One week later GnRH-ir neurons appeared in the infudibulum as well. These neurons never appeared to be contiguous with midbrain GnRH neurons. Thus, the adult pattern of distribution of GnRH neurons was reached before hatching, which occured on the 66th day of incubation at a temperature of 28 ± 2°C. Although mesencephalic and infundibular GnRH neurons nd their fiber projections appeared to be distributed in anatomically distinct brain areas, both systems showed a positive reaction to chicken-I GnRH (cGnRH-I), chicken-II GnRH (cGnRH-II) and salmon GnRH (sGnRH). From the time of hatching, GnRH-ir fibers in the mesencephalon appeared to be reaching the optic tectum, tegmentum, cerebellum and rostral dorsal rhombencephalon, whereas GnRH fibers in the infundibulum were projecting to the caudal basal telencephalon, median eminence and rostral basal rhombencephalon. In 60-day-old juvenile lizards, the central area of telencephalon contained neurons reacting only with anti-cGnRH-I and anti-sGnRH. Such neurons were absent in the adult. Neither GnRH cells nor fibers were observed in the nasal area, terminal nerve and olfactory bulbs at any stage of development and in the adult. We hypothesize that the two GnRH neuronal systems have separate embryonic origins. © 1994
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