1,720,956 research outputs found
The Making of Hispanic-American Identity: an Issue in Julia Alvarez and Rodolfo Alfonso Anaya’s Fiction
No full textيعد بناء هوية الأشخاص الملونون موضوعًا مثيرًا للجدل في الخيال الأدبي الأمريكي. فإن مفهوم الهوية في حد ذاته مفهوم مفتوح ويتغير باستمرار. لقد نشأ بين الصراعات المستمرة بين الملونين - وخاصة ذوي الأصول الإسبانية أو اللاتينيين - والبيض. شيء لا يمكن أبدًا أن يتشكل أو يندمج في اقتراح أو خطاب موحَّد. يحاول الباحث في هذا المقال فحص تكوين الهوية على المستوى الفردي في نصوص خوليا ألفاريز ورودولفو أنايا. ينصب التركيز على كيفية انخراط شخصياتهم في العملية المعقدة لبناء هويتهم الشخصية في ثقافات أمريكا الشمالية السائدة. يحاول المقال أيضًا لفت انتباه القارئ إلى الاحتكاك الناتج عن هذا الاختلاف الثقافي.The making of the identity of colored people is a controversial subject matter in American literary fiction. This is because the concept of identity itself is open-ended, always evolving, and growing. It is forged among ongoing struggles between people—notably the Hispanics or Latinos and the Whites— a thing that can never take shape or coalesce into a reified proposition or discourse. Yet in this article, the researchers attempt to examine the formation of identity at the individual level in Alvarez and Anaya’s fictional texts. Focus is to be put on how their characters engage in the problematic process of constructing their identity within mainstream North American cultures. The article also attempts to draw the reader’s attention to the frictions resulting from this cultural divergence
The Socio-Cultural Dynamics and Commercial Relations of Pre-Ottoman Algeria
No full textتُحلل هذه الدراسة الأهمية التاريخية للجزائر كنقطة التقاء الحضارات من خلال دراسة هياكلها الاجتماعية واتصالاتها التجارية خلال الفترة التي سبقت الحكم العثماني. وتعتمد الدراسة على منهج البحث التاريخي لفحص المصادر الأولية والثانوية بشكل منهجي، مع تقييم التفاعلات بين التنوع العرقي، والديناميكيات الدينية، والشبكات التجارية منذ القرون الأولى للميلاد وحتى أوائل القرن السادس عشر.
تشير النتائج إلى أن التكوين العرقي المتعدد في الجزائر، والذي يتكون أساسًا من الأمازيغ إلى جانب الفينيقيين والرومان والبيزنطيين والعرب، قد ساهم في خلق بيئة ثقافية غنية ومتنوعة. وبالمثل، برز الإسلام كعامل موحد يعزز الهوية الجماعية، رغم استمرار العادات المسيحية وما قبل الإسلامية في العديد من المناطق. وتسلط الدراسة الضوء على المؤسسات الاجتماعية الأساسية، مثل الوحدات العائلية والنظم القبلية والمراكز الحضرية، باعتبارها عناصر حاسمة في الحفاظ على التماسك الاجتماعي.
أما من الناحية الاقتصادية، مكّن الموقع الاستراتيجي للجزائر من ازدهار التجارة عبر الصحراء الكبرى والبحر الأبيض المتوسط، مما جعلها نقطة اتصال حيوية بين شمال إفريقيا وأوروبا والشرق الأوسط. وتؤكد هذه النتائج التأثير الكبير للعوامل الاجتماعية والثقافية على الشبكات التجارية التاريخية للجزائر وعلاقاتها مع الحضارات المجاورةThis article analyzes Algeria's historical significance as a crossroads of civilizations by investigating its social structures and trade contacts throughout the pre-Ottoman period. This study utilizes a historical research method to methodically examine primary and secondary sources, evaluating the interactions among ethnic variety, religious dynamics, and commercial networks from the first centuries CE until the early 16th century.
The results indicate that Algeria's multiethnic composition predominantly Berbers, alongside Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantines, and Arabs has fostered a rich and diversified cultural environment. Likewise, Islam arose as a cohesive influence, cultivating a collective identity, although Christian and pre-Islamic customs persisted in numerous areas. The study highlights essential social institutions, such as family units, tribal systems, and urban centers, as crucial for sustaining social cohesiveness. Economically, Algeria's advantageous location enabled significant trans-Saharan and Mediterranean trade, connecting North Africa with Europe and the Middle East. These findings highlight the significant influence of sociocultural elements on Algeria's historical trade networks and its connections with adjacent cultures
AI in Education: Transforming the Teaching Profession and Unlocking Future Opportunities in Algeria
No full textAs artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming numerous sectors, the world of education is not exempt from this technological revolution. AI-based assistants are now being developed to support teachers or substitute for certain aspects of their work. This incursion of cognitive technologies in the school environment raises questions about the future of the teaching profession: is the advent of AI set to completely reshuffle the cards of the profession or redefine it at the margin? Our article will first examine the existing educational applications of AI and their current strengths and limitations. Then, backed by a prospective analysis, we will consider the plausible evolutions of these tools. The aim is to provide a nuanced insight into the challenges and new opportunities that this techno-pedagogical revolution could open in order to rethink or even improve the teaching of tomorrow
The Impact of Social Networks on Foreign Language Learning; Case Study: First Year University Students
Full text linkThe impact and role of social networks have become increasingly visible in our daily lives. This communication and learning tools have revolutionized the education system. They are increasingly used by professionals, teachers and students to communicate with each other. The present study is based on a case study that investigates the impact of social networks on learning English as a foreign language at Tahri Mohamed University (Béchar) in order to examine the benefits foreign language classroom students and teachers can derive from Social Networks Sites. The study aims principally to examine the use of social networks in higher education as means to enhance the quality and flexibility of teaching and learning programs in order to find out the effectiveness and importance of social networks tools on foreign language learning and teaching
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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