1,720,953 research outputs found
Range Changes in British Butterflies: the Roles of Climate, Habitat and Dispersal in Patterns of Spread
Get PDFHabitat associations and demographic parameters of four generalist butterfly species resident to Great Britain, namely Pararge aegeria (speckled wood), Aphantopus hyperantus (ringlet), Pyronia tithonus (gatekeeper) and Melanargia galathea (marbled white), were investigated. These species were chosen because they have variable habitat associations and have all expanded their range in recent years. UKBMS transect data was used to generate species specific values for both intrinsic rates of increase, r, and mean density in occupied habitats, , for the four study species. Results indicate that three of the four species studied occur at significantly different densities across two or more of their preferred habitats. High variation in intrinsic rates of increase across all species studies was documented. Results were used to inform the accurate parameterisation of a dynamic model framework used to simulate present-day ranges of the four study species.
Recent spread of species were simulated using spatial dispersal models across a gridded landscape of Great Britain, where cell suitability is modified between 0-1 according to (1) habitat suitability, (2) climate suitability or (3) all cells are given an equal suitability of unity. Spread was simulated with almost equal degrees of success in models run on grids (1) and (2). Model simulations run on grid (3) resulted in poor model outcomes and over-simulation of species current range extent. This suggests that both habitat and climate play a role in observed present day distributions of the four study species. For species whose recent expansion could be simulated well using these models, the best-fit model for each species was run into the future to simulate potential future spread. Future simulations suggest that Melanargia galathea and Pyronia tithonus will expand their range by 15.3% and 7.8% respectively under present day habitat suitability between 2009 and 2060.
Field data was used to investigate local and regional patterns of temperature at three study sites along a north-south transect in England and relate this to phenology of a chalk grassland specialist butterfly, M. galathea, and its preferred nectar source, Centaurea scabiosa. Results indicate that mean maximum daily temperature was significantly different the local (variable aspect/topography) and regional scale. Locally, the highest temperatures were observed on south and south west facing slopes and coldest on north facing slopes. Regionally, the highest temperatures observed in the south and coldest in the north. This means insect and plant experience different environmental conditions depending on local or regional situation. There is evidence that heterogeneity in the local environment at each of the three study sites results in an extended flowering period of C. scabiosa, increasing the amount of time nectar is available to pollinating insects. Topographically variability could thus act as a buffer to phenological mismatch induced by future climate change and could be used as a reserve selection criterion for conservation organisations. There is also evidence that both timing and duration of the flowering period of C. scabiosa varies at both the local and regional scales. The timing of the flight period of M. galathea varied among years and sites likely in relation to variable macro and microclimate. This has implications for future translocation studies whereby individuals are moved from one area of the country to another and must be considered if translocations are to be successful.
This thesis has highlighted ecological processes occurring at both fine and broad spatial scales that must be considered if model predictions are to be robust. Future research must continue to recognise the importance of an individualistic approach to forecasting responses of species to environmental change
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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