1,721,210 research outputs found
Designing for inclusivity: Assessing the accessibility of everyday products
No full textThe older adult population in most developed countries is growing slowly, but continuously (Laslett, 1996). Several functional changes occur with age which may result in a decrease of perceptual, cognitive and motor skills (Smith et al., 2000). In spite of this well-known trend, designers continue to design instinctively for “ablebodied” young people (Coleman, 1997). The result is products that are generally difficult to be used by elderly citizens and people with disabilities (Keates et al., 2000). Clearly new inclusive design approaches are required to interpret and evaluate the range of functional capabilities of this sector of the population and include them into mainstream design. The aim of this paper is to present a range of potential methods for assessing product accessibility. Although these methods provide valuable feedback about a product’s accessibility, many of them lack the ability to be liked with actual population data. An alternative assessment method, structured assessment, is proposed which enables designers to quantify with reasonable accuracy the numbers of users excluded from product usage
Inclusive design diagnosis based on the ONS scales?
No full textDesigning for a wider range of population has recently been propagated by new design philosophies and approaches such as Universal Design, Design for All and Inclusive Design. Compared with the other two approaches, Inclusive Design approach seems to be more practical in that it provides a framework for implementation (Keates et al., 2000). It also features a gradual strategy, which incorporates a user capability range and takes into account the target population.
However, the lack of accessible inclusive design information still challenges Inclusive Design practice. In this early stage, Inclusive Design requires proper diagnosis that can address existing problems, as well as explore possible solutions. One of the crucial issues is to find a flexible evaluation method that can map users’ capability to product properties and vice versa.
The aim of this paper is to discuss the exploration of such an evaluation method and to present its feasibility
p38 MAP kinase activation by Clostridium difficile toxin A mediates monocyte necrosis, IL-8 production, and enteritis
No full textDesigners and manufacturers’ perspectives on inclusive/universal design
No full textInclusive design in the U.K. and its U.S. counterpart, universal design, present opportunities and challenges to industry. In order to encourage manufacturers and design companies to adopt more inclusive design practices, the research has been carried out to gain an understanding of why and how companies adopt inclusive design practices, what are the barriers when implementing them and what are the key strategies for facilitating inclusive/universal design in an industrial context.
Based on interviews with a number of U.K. design consultancies and an investigation among manufacturers in the U.S., a comparison between U.K. consultant designers and U.S. consumer product manufacturers’ perspectives on inclusive/universal design was made. It was found that designers are reluctant to sacrifice the aesthetics of the brand to design for inclusion, but nevertheless would like to have practical tools to help them develop more inclusive solutions. For manufacturers, the key motivation for such practices is that of government regulation and legislation requiring the accessibility of products and services
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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