1,720,956 research outputs found
OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL PROCESO ETANOSOLV PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE CELULOSA BIOMÁSICA Y VALORACIÓN DE DIFERENTES RUTAS DE ACETILACIÓN DEL MATERIAL
Get PDFLa madera es la fuente lignocelulósica renovable más abundante que existe y sus componentes pueden ser materia prima para generar diversos productos de interés. De la producción total, el 20 a 25% son residuos sólidos, principalmente aserrín, el cual se dispone en pilas a cielo abierto generando un impacto ambiental negativo.
La separación de los componentes de la biomasa comúnmente se lleva a cabo con ácidos y bases fuertes, un impacto ambiental negativo adicional, como alternativa se encuentran: el tratamiento etanosolv y la disolución en líquidos iónicos. La ventaja del tratamiento etanosolv es que se usa un solvente menos tóxico y recuperable para separar y remover hemicelulosa y lignina. La ventaja de los líquidos iónicos es que, debido a su interacción con la biomasa, se crea un medio para hacer la modificación química y el líquido iónico puede ser recuperado y reutilizado.
El aserrín de encino Quercus sp, se trató por etanosolv usando como catalizadores AlCl3, FeCl3 y H2SO4; distintas concentraciones de catalizador (0.05, 0.1 Y 0.2 M); temperaturas (140, 160, 180 °C) y tiempos de reacción (15, 30, 45, 60 min) de acuerdo a un diseño experimental factorial completo de 3x3x3x4. Para determinar si hay diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, se realizó un análisis estadístico ANOVA para tres respuestas: la recuperación de celulosa, el rendimiento y la deslignificación. En general, bajas concentraciones de catalizador, tiempos de contacto y temperaturas arrojan los mayores valores para la recuperación de celulosa. La deslignificación, en cambio, se ve favorecida por altas temperaturas
RECUPERACIÓN SUSTENTABLE DE CELULOSA DE RESIDUOS LIGNOCELULÓSICOS
Get PDFLa tendencia actual en cuanto a residuos apunta hacia su explotación aplicando los principios de la química verde. Los residuos biomasicos ( 2 × 1011 t/año mundialmente [1].) se degradan generando lixiviados y metano, su quema además contribuye a la contaminación del ambiente. El encino es la segunda especie maderable más abundadnte en México y el estado de Chihuahua [2], contiene celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina, compuestos que pueden usarse en la producción de materiales y químicos de alto valor económico [3]. Debido a la complejidad de estas moléculas entrelazadas tradicionalmente se usan tratamientos con sulfito, soda y ácidos inorgánicos con un alto impacto ambiental. El pulpeo por etanosolv remueve en gran medida la lignina y solubiliza la hemicelulosa [4]. El etanol es un solvente poco
tóxico y de fácil recuperación,
el tratamiento es altamente
selectivo resultando en una
fracción sólida rica en
celulos
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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