1,720,979 research outputs found
Death among a cohort of prisoners in New South Wales Australia — a data linkage study
Get PDFThis thesis examines mortality rates among adults who experienced full-time imprisonment in New
South Wales between January 1988 and December 2002, by record linkage to the Australian National
Death Index.
The cohort included 76383 men and 8820 women. Over a mean follow-up of 7.7 years, 5137 deaths
(4724 men, 423 women) were identified. Three hundred and three deaths (295 men, eight women)
occurred in custody. The median age at death was 36.6 years for men and 32.7 years for women. The
prominent causes of death were drug overdose, suicide, accidental and cardiovascular disease.
The crude mortality rate was 797 per 100000 person-years for men and 685 per 100000 person-years for
women. Risk of mortality was 3.7 times greater in male and 7.8 times greater in female prisoners than
the standard population.
The excess mortality was substantially raised following release from prison in both men (standardised
mortality ratio 4.0 vs 1.7) and women (standardised mortality ratio 8.2 vs 2.1). The period of highest risk
of death was the first two weeks after release. Drug overdose was the main cause of death, responsible
for 68% of the deaths in the first two weeks for men and for 90% of the deaths in this period for women.
In men, there was also a clustering of suicide directly after release.
Prisoners admitted to prison psychiatric hospital, repeat offenders and those in the early stage of followup
were at increased risk of mortality. Violent offenders were overrepresented in suicide figures and
property offenders in death from overdose. Minority groups, in particular men, had a lower risk of death
than white people.
The above findings reinforce how disadvantaged prisoners are, measured by mortality as the most
fundamental scale of human wellbeing. Prison represents a potential opportunity for treatment and
public health intervention to address some of the health problems underlying the high mortality found in
this study. The key challenge is, however, to provide a continuum of care between the prison and
community
Risk factors for strong regret and subsequent IVF request after tubal sterilisation
Get PDFA case control study was done to examine presterilisation characteristics most consistently associated with strong poststerilisation regret and subsequent request for IVF. The case group was made up of 97 previously sterilised women evaluated for IVF treatment at the Fertility Clinic or Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney during the period 1980-1992. A Control group of 101 women apparently satisfied with their tuballigation was found from the medical records of one gynaecologist at Royal North Shore Hospital. Of the characteristics that could be objectively determined preoperatively only age, number of living children, timing of sterilisation and marital status were significantly associated with IVF request in the univariate analysis. These characteristics were, then, examined multivariately by means of logistic regression. Age at the time of sterilisation had the most pronounced effect on strong regret. Women who were younger than 30 years old at the time of sterilisation had up to 8.7 times the risk of request for IVF treatment as women 30 to 34 years old. A concurrent caesarean section was associated with a threefold risk relative to an interval procedure, but there was no significant effect associated with sterilisation performed after vaginal delivery or abortion. A strong protective effect (OR=0.07) was found for women with more than 2 children compared to childless women. There was no longer a significant effect of marital status in the multivariate analysis. Other factors not significantly associated with the request for IVF included history of abortion, education, race, the principal method of contraception used before sterilisation, and medical indications for sterilisation. The overwhelming reasons stated by women for requesting IVF were change in marital status, either remarriage or the establishment of a new de facto relationship, and the desire to have a child with the new partner
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
