38 research outputs found
Higher-Order Thinking Skills and Scientific Attitudes Components as Predictors of Scientific Creativity Among Preservice Biology Teachers
No full textThe study assessed preservice biology teachers%252339%253B higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), scientific attitudes, and creativity in the study area. The study also evaluated how the components of HOTS and scientific attitudes predict scientific creativity to determine which elements were strong predictors of scientific creativity. The study adopted a correlational survey research design. The population consists of all preservice Biology teachers in Southwestern Colleges of education, from which five hundred were randomly selected from five colleges of education. Three instruments, including Higher Order Thinking skills Test, Scientific Attitude questionnaire, and Scientific Creativity Test, were used to collect data for the study. The result showed that the HOTS scores of the respondents were low, with low mean scores of 2.54, 1.22, and 1.88 from a total maximum possible score of 9, 5, and 6, respectively, the cognitive (%253D20.00), emotional (%253D19.05), attitudinal components (%253D26.67). The mean score for fluency, flexibility, and originality were 14.00, 12.00, and 13.00. It was also seen that a correlation exists between sex and HOTS. The study finally showed that the Analysis (t%253D2.597, plt%253B0.05) and evaluation (t%253D 2.115, plt%253B0.05) components of HOTS predict scientific Creativity while cognitive component teachers (t%253D2.373, plt%253B0.05) of Scientific attitude predicts Scientific Creativity
EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL BELIEFS AMONG PRESERVICE BIOLOGY TEACHERS: 10.24250/jpe/2/2025/AK/
No full textThis study examined the levels of epistemological andcultural beliefs and its influence their academicperformance among respondents in the study area. Thesewere with a view to ascertain the relative and joint effectsof these beliefs on the academic performance of preserviceteachers in Biology. The study adopted descriptivecorrelational research design as the population comprisedall preservice teachers enrolled in the Department ofScience Education, Faculty of Education at ObafemiAwolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Nigeria, during the2023/2024 academic session. One hundred (100)preservice teachers were selected through randomsampling from the Biology education unit. Data werecollected through a structured questionnaire,Questionnaire on Epistemological and Cultural Beliefsamong Preservice Teachers in Biology (QECAP). QECAPwas divided into sections that measured demographicinformation, epistemological beliefs, cultural beliefs, andacademic performance. The reliability of the instrumentwas confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.79.Descriptive statistics, One-Way ANOVA, and multipleregression analysis were used to analyse the data. Thefindings revealed that the majority of the respondents heldmoderate epistemological beliefs (51.0%) and moderatecultural beliefs (48.0%), reflecting a balanced perspectivein both areas. A significant positive influence ofepistemological beliefs on academic performance wasidentified, with higher epistemological beliefs associatedwith better academic performance (F = 6.20, p = 0.003).Additionally, the combined effect of epistemological andcultural beliefs significantly predicted academicperformance, explaining 49% to 52% of the variance (Adj.R2 = 0.49, R2 = 0.52, F = 12.30, p < 0.05), with theinteraction between beliefs showing a significant effect (B= 0.25, p = 0.015). The study concludes thatepistemological and cultural beliefs are crucial determinants of academic success among preserviceBiology teachers at OAU as fostering sophisticatedepistemological beliefs and integrating cultural contexts ineducational practices can enhance academic performance
Experimental uncertainty of measured entropy production with pulsed laser PIV and planar laser induced fluorescence
No full textThe article develops an uncertainty analysis for a newly measured variable of local entropy production. Entropy production is measured with post-processing and spatial differencing of measured velocities from particle image velocimetry (PIV), as well as temperatures obtained from planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF). Measurement uncertainties of fluid velocity depend on the time interval between laser pulses, width of the camera view and other factors. Bias errors are related to elementary bias components and sensitivity coefficients in the uncertainty analysis. The precision errors use a confidence coefficient of 2 for a 95% confidence interval. The newly developed measurement technique and uncertainty analysis are successfully applied to pressure-driven channel flow and buoyancy-driven free convection in a square enclosure.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaUniversity of Manitoba Graduate FellowshipCFI (Canada Foundation for Innovation)WED (Western Economic Diversification
An Analysis of Collaborative Attacks on Mobile Ad hoc Networks
No full textA Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) consists of a set of communicating wireless mobile nodes or devices that do not have any form of fixed infrastructure or centralized authority. The security in MANET has become a significant and active topic within the research community. This is because of high demand in sharing streaming video and audio in various applications, one MANET could be setup quickly to facilitate communications in a hostile environment such as battlefield or emergency situation likes disaster rescue operation. In spite of the several attacks aimed at specific nodes in MANET that have been uncovered, some attacks involving multiple nodes still receive little attention. A reason behind this is because people make use of security mechanisms applicable to wired networks in MANET and overlook the security measures that apply to MANET. Furthermore, it may also have to do with the fact that no survey or taxonomy has been done to clarify the characteristics of different multiple node attacks. This thesis addresses the aforementioned gap by providing a proper definition and categorization of collaborative attacks against MANET from the various multiple node attacks found. Simulation using OPNET Modeler was used to investigate the performance impact of a collaborative blackhole attack on a mobile ad hoc network. Network throughput, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay are the performance metrics used in our result analysis. Based on the analyses of performance metrics made, we realised the consequences of a collaborative blackhole attack on MANET. In order to prevent or reduce these consequences, we also discuss a number of mitigation plans to counteract the different kinds of collaborative attacks. Keywords: MANET, Collaborative Attacks, Multiple Node, Blackhole.Contact Information: Author(s): Cong Hoan Vu Address: Folkparksvägen 19:08, 372 40 Ronneby, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] Adeyinka Soneye Address: Polhemsgatan 27B, LGH 30, 371 40 Karlskrona, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]
Optimization correlation for entropy production and energy availability in film condensation
No full textThis article investigates the physical significance of entropy production in plate film condensation. An irreversibility distribution ratio yields similar trends as previous studies, whereby the Prandtl number has suggested the relevant influence of inertial effects. Results for the optimized entropy production and plate size are expressed in terms of a duty parameter. It is observed that entropy production provides a useful parameter in the optimization of a two-phase system
Apparent entropy production difference with heat and fluid flow irreversibilities
No full textAn entropy-based procedure is presented to assess the solution accuracy in heat transfer problems with fluid flow using the second law of thermodynamics. The procedure is implemented by a control-volume-based finite-element formulation for discrete equations arising from the conservation laws and the second law. The study involves a comparison of the local entropy production rates computed from two forms of the discretized entropy equation. The computed local entropy production for two heat transfer problems, using the positive-definite and the transport forms of the entropy generation equation, agrees well with analytical solutions. It is demonstrated by the results of the numerical studies that there exists a relationship between a newly defined parameter, called the apparent error in entropy production, and the solution error in the computed value of the scalar in each control volume
Pre-service teachers’ metaphors of the relationship between curriculum and instruction: Relationship between curriculum and instruction
No full textThis study analyzed pre-service teachers’ metaphors of the relationship between curriculum and instruction. On analysis, results revealed that PRESETs use diverse metaphors that are related to their everyday lived experiences. On categorizing the metaphors, five themes emerged namely gadgets and equipment; embodied learning; energy; journey, direction and navigation and; artistry. It was also found there is no relationship between the subject-based disciplines and the metaphors given. Lastly, the metaphors revealed that the teachers had fair understanding of the relationship between curriculum and instruction. The implications of the findings for teacher education were discussed
Modeling of entropy production in turbulent flows
No full textThis article presents new modeling of turbulence correlations in the entropy transport equation for viscous, incompressible flows. An explicit entropy equation of state is developed for gases with the ideal gas law, while entropy transport equations are derived for both gases and liquids. The formulation specifically considers incompressible forced convection problems without a buoyancy term in the y-momentum equation, as density variations are neglected. Reynolds averaging techniques are applied to the turbulence closure of fluctuating temperature and entropy fields. The problem of rigorously expressing the mean entropy production in terms of other mean flow quantities is addressed. The validity of the newly developed formulation is assessed using direct numerical simulation data and empirical relations for the friction factor. Also, the dissipation (ε) of turbulent kinetic energy is formulated in terms of the Second Law. In contrast to the conventional ε equation modeling, this article proposes an alternative method by utilizing both transport and positive definite forms of the entropy production equation
Effectiveness of Guided and Open Inquiry Instructional Strategies on Science Process Skills and Self-Efficacy of Biology Students in Osun State, Nigeria
No full textThe study determined the effectiveness of guided and open inquiry instructional strategies on the science process skills of students taught Biology in senior secondary schools in Osun State, Nigeria. It also compared the self-efficacy of students taught Biology using guided inquiry with those taught Biology using open inquiry instructional strategies in senior secondary school in Osun State. The goal was to provide empirical information on the effectiveness of guided and open inquiry strategies on students’ learning outcome in Biology. The study adopted the non-equivalent pretest posttest quasi-experimental research design. Two research instruments were used to collect data for the study namely, (i) Biology Process Skills Observation checklist (BPSOC) and (ii) Self-efficacy Rating Scale (SeRS). Data collected were analyzed using appropriate inferential statistics of analysis of Covariance. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the science process skills of Biology students exposed to Open Inquiry and those exposed to guided inquiry strategy (F= 0.785, p>0.05). The results also showed that a significant difference existed in the self-efficacy of students taught using Guided Inquiry and Open Inquiry strategies (F = 11.64, p < 0.05) as those exposed to Open Inquiry had the better self-efficacy score than the other groups as shown in the mean difference between open and guided inquiry strategies. The study concluded that Open inquiry strategy was more effective in improving the self-efficacy of the respondents but was not effective in improving the science process skills of respondents in the study area
African Europeans : an untold history
No full textThe history of Africans in Europe is unknown to many as it is a history that is not taught in most European schools. The book African Europeans: An Untold History educates the reader on this crucial missing aspect by detailing the influences and activities of Blacks in Europe and how they contributed to what Europe is today. The book helps readers to understand how the historical construction of the Negro as a beast of burden, without heritage or culture, contributed to the eradication of Black history in Europe. The author, Olivette Otele, then counters this by setting out the history of the many Black people and Black groups that did ordinary and extraordinary things in Europe. In doing so, Otele deconstructs a dominant narrative in European history that suggests that only exceptional Black people contributed and did so rarely
