1,720,954 research outputs found
Deploying Zero-energy Technologies to Reduce PHL of Horticulture crops for improving Farmers’ Economic Welfare in Tanzania
Full text linkTanzanian Fruits and Vegetables (F&V) industry employs more than 4.5 million people whose 70% are women and grew at 11% annually in the last decade. Despite the vital role played by F&V industry, the sub-sector experiences huge Post-Harvest Losses (PHL) accounting for up to 60% of the total produce. These losses threaten sustainability of the production, enlarge Food & nutrition insecurity concerns, deprive economic use of the produced crops, increase prices of crops and reduce amounts of consumer expenditure to reach farmers. This paper employed semi-systematic approach and content analysis to unveil potentials of using Zero Energy technologies to lessen PHL in Tanzania’s F&V industry. Search queries namely; ‘postharvest losses (PHL) management, Tanzania Fruits and Vegetables and Zero Energy technologies’ were used to solicit literature from reliable bibliographic databases including Google scholar, JUSTOR and Science Direct. Results showed that a number of practices and technologies to handle F&V including manual harvesting, non-refrigerated transport modes; and traditional storage facilities such as bamboo baskets, plant leaves % open spaces under the shade. Deploying usage of ZECC to address PHL of F&V would lower food losses amounted to 2,093,583tons of fruits and 587,569 tons of vegetables per annum whose value amounts to 4.6 trillion and 1.4 trillion Tanzanian shillings respectively. The value of PHL for both fruits and vegetables (six trillion) were enough to pay annual public servants’ salaries or the government annual debt by 87% in 2021/2022. Moreover, the spreading effect would enhance food and nutrition security, improve affordability of F&V to consumers and raise farmers’ income. Indeed, reduction of PHL in the F&V industry will lead to economic empowerment of women involved in the F&V sub sector
Quality beef supply chain efficiency and consumption in Arusha and Dar es Salaam cities, Tanzania
No full textThesisThis study investigated efficiency along quality beef supply chain and consumption
of quality beef in Arusha and Dar-es-Salaam cities, Tanzania. Specifically the study
investigated: (i) efficiency of supplying quality beef (QB) (ii) consumption pattern
for QB (iii) consumers' preferences for QB and (iv) consumers’ willingness to pay
(WTP) for QB. Added cost/kilogram and returns/shilling were used to indicate
efficiency of QB supply. Almost Ideal Demand Systems was used to analyze
consumption pattern of QB while Principal Component Analysis and Contingent
Valuation Method were used to determine beef consumers’ preferences and WTP for
QB respectively. Data were collected using questionnaires administered to two cattle
fattening companies, three auction markets, 10 wholesale meat traders, 106
butchermen.
six beef processors, 11 supermarkets, 34 tourist hotels, one beef
importer and 278 households. Results showed that the cost of processing QB was
almost 9 and 1.5 times the cost of producing and retailing QB, respectively.
Electricity accounted for 84% and 73% of added cost for processing and distribution
of QB respectively. Returns/shilling was highest (83%) and lowest (12%) at retailing
and production nodes respectively. Only 9.5% of sampled households consumed QB
amounted to 32.1kg/person/year priced at 14 250Tsh/kg. The average consumption
of QB in tourist hotels amounted to 449kg/month/hotel priced at 25 608Tsh/kg.
‘Freshness’ and ‘less fat content’ were mainly preferred by household consumers;
while cleanliness, safety and tenderness were mostly proffered by tourist hotels.
Expensiveness, unfreshness and the misconception that QB was preserved using
chemicals were major reasons limiting WTP for QB. To promote production and
consumption of QB this study recommends that: (i) Investors should venture in
local QB supply because it is profitable. However, efforts should be made to use low
cost alternative energy sources such as biogas and solar power to make the venture
more profitable (ii) Tanzania Meat Board and other stakeholders in the beef industry
should promote marketing of QB through introduction of meat consumption
week,advertising, training in schools and participation in trade fairs and (iii)
Linkages of major importers of QB with local QB producers should be made with
proper taxation of imported beef to make locally produced QB more competitive
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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