56 research outputs found
Years of life lost by COVID-19 in Portugal and comparison with other European countries in 2020
No full textFunding Information: The present publication was funded by NOVA National School of Public Health and Fundação Ciência e Tecnologia, IP national support through CHRC (UIDP/04923/2020). Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been measured in different metrics, mostly by counting deaths and its impact on health services. Few studies have attempted to calculate years of life lost (YLL) to COVID-19 and compare it with YLL due to other causes in different countries. Methods: We calculated YLL to COVID-19 from week10 to week52 in 2020 for eight European countries by methods defined by the WHO. We calculated excess YLL by subtracting the average YLL from 2017 to 2019 to the YLL in 2020. Our analysis compared YLL to COVID-19 and the excess YLL of non-COVID-19 causes across countries in Europe. Results: Portugal registered 394,573 cases and 6619 deaths due to COVID-19, accounting for 25,395 YLL in just 10 months. COVID-19 was responsible for 6.7% of all deaths but accounted for only 4.2% of all YLL. We estimate that Portugal experienced an excess of 35,510 YLL (+ 6.2%), of which 72% would have been due to COVID-19 and 28% due to non-COVID-19 causes. Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands experienced excess YLL to non-COVID-19 causes. We also estimated that Portugal experienced an excess of 10,115 YLL due to cancer (3805), cardiovascular diseases (786) and diseases of the respiratory system (525). Conclusion: COVID-19 has had a major impact on mortality rates in Portugal, as well as in other European countries. The relative impact of COVID-19 on the number of deaths has been greater than on the number of YLL, because COVID-19 deaths occur mostly in advanced ages.publishersversionpublishe
Temporal variation in associations between temperature and years of life lost in a southern China city with typical subtropical climate
No full textThough some studies have explored the association between temperature and years of life lost (YLL), limited evidence is available regarding the effect of temporal variation on the temperature-YLL relationship, especially in developing countries. We explored temporal variation in the associations between temperature and YLL before and after 2013 heat waves (period I: Jan 2008 to Sep 2013, period II: Oct 2013 to Dec 2015) in Ningbo, a southern China city with typical subtropical climate. The heat associations showed an increasing trend. The number of YLL due to heat-related respiratory mortality was significantly higher in period II (46.03, 95% CI: 11.97, 80.08) than in period I (7.21, 95% CI: -10.04, 24.46) among married individuals. In contrast, the cold associations presented an attenuating trend, and the number of YLL due to non-accidental mortality was significantly lower in period II (262.32, 95% CI: -304.18, 828.83) than in period I (916.78, 95% CI: 596.05, 1237.51). These results indicate more effort still needed to be made to reduce heat-related YLL even after periods of extreme heat. Furthermore, using YLL provided complementary information for identifying vulnerable subgroups, which has important implications for the planning of public health interventions.National Natural Science Foundation of China [81372950, 81502780]; National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFC0207103]; Young Scientists Lift Plan from the China Association for Science and Technology [2016QNRC001]; Medical Technology Program Foundation of Zhejiang, China [2014KYA202]; Science and Technology Program of Ningbo, China [2014C50027]SCI(E)ARTICLE
The association between ambient inhalable particulate matter and the disease burden of respiratory disease: An ecological study based on ten-year time series data in Tianjin, China
No full textThere is limited evidence available worldwide about the quantitative relationship between particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 Inn (PM10) and years of life lost (YLL) caused by respiratory diseases (RD), especially regarding long-term time series data. We investigated the quantitative exposure response association between PM10 and the disease burden of RD. We obtained the daily concentration of ambient pollutants (PM10, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide), temperature and relative humidity data, as well as the death monitoring data from 2001 to 2010 in Tianjin. Then, a time series database was built after the daily YLL of RD was calculated. We applied a generalized additive model (GAM) to estimate the burden of PM10, on daily YLL of RD and to determine the effect (the increase of daily YLL) of every 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM10 on health. We found that every 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM10 was associated with the greatest increase in YLL of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.45, 1.23) years at a 2-day (current day and previous day, lag01) moving average PM10 concentration for RD. The association between PM10 and YLL was stronger in females and the elderly (65 years of age). The association between PM10 and YLL of RD differed according to district. These findings also provide new epidemiological evidence for respiratory disease prevention.Natural Science Foundation of China [81372950]; Key Scientific and Technological Project on Health of Tianjin [16KG170]SCI(E)ARTICLE71-7715
The short term burden of ambient particulate matters on non-accidental mortality and years of life lost: A ten-year multi-district study in Tianjin, China
No full textYears of life lost (YLL) is a more informative and accurate indicator than daily death counts for assessing air pollution related premature death. However, there is limited evidence available about the relationship of air pollution with YLL, especially in China. We conducted a ten-year (from January 1st, 2001 to December 31st, 2010) multi-district time-series study to estimate the effects of ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 mu m in size (PM10) on daily non-accidental deaths and YLL in six districts of Tianjin, China. Meta-analysis was used to merge the results of the six districts. We found that the increase of PM10 was significantly associated with daily death and YLL in the six districts, except with the YLL in Heping district. 10 mu g/m(3) increases in PM10 were associated with the maximum increases in excess risk (ER) of death counts of 0.33% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25%, 0.41%) at lag01 and in YLL of 0.80 (95%CI: 0.47, 1.13) person year at lag01 for the combined effects of six districts, respectively. Moreover, the associations of PM10 on daily death counts and YLL were stronger in the elder people (>= 65 years) than those in the younger ones (<65 years). These findings may help to shed light on the policy-making of PM-control in China and provide useful information for the protection of susceptible population. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.National Natural Science Foundation of China [81372950]SCI(E)PubMedARTICLE713-71922
Years of life lost in the first wave of the 2009 influenza a(H1N1) pandemic in Hong Kong
No full textThe impact of influenza pandemics might be overestimated; the published studies of years of life lost (YLL) have typically ignored the presence of underlying chronic conditions or health risk behaviors in most deaths. We used data on deaths involving laboratory-confirmed 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus infection that occurred between April 2009 and May 2010 in Hong Kong, China, to adjust for these underlying risk factors. Life expectancy was corrected with hazard-based modifications to the life tables. The excess hazards posed by underlying risk factors were added to the "baseline" age-specific hazards in the local life tables to reflect the life expectancy associated with each underlying risk factor. Of 72 deceased persons with laboratory-confirmed 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus infection, 56% had underlying risk factors. We estimated that the 2009 pandemic was associated with 1,540 (95% confidence interval: 1,350, 1,630) YLL after adjustment for age and underlying risk factors. This figure is approximately 25% lower than the YLL estimate of 2,080 derived after adjustment for age but not for risk factors. Our analysis demonstrates the potential scale of bias in YLL estimation if underlying risk factors are ignored. The estimation of YLL with correction for underlying risk factors in addition to age could also provide a framework for similar calculations elsewhere. © 2013 The Author
The short term burden of ambient fine particulate matter on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ningbo, China
No full textBackground: Numerous studies have found associations between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and increased mortality risk. However, little evidence is available on associations between PM2.5 and years of life lost (YLL). We aimed to estimate the YLL due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality related to ambient PM2.5 exposure. Methods: A time-series study was conducted based on the data on air pollutants, meteorological conditions and 18,472 registered COPD deaths in Ningbo, China, 2011-2015. The effects of PM2.5 on YLL and daily death of COPD were estimated, after controlling long term trend, meteorological index and other confounders. Results: The impact of PM2.5 on YLL due to COPD lasted for 5 days (lag 0-4). Per 10 mu g/ m(3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with 0.91 (95% CI: 0.16, 1.66) years increase in YLL. The excess YLL of COPD mortality were 8206 years, and 0.38 day per person in Ningbo from 2011 to 2015. The exposure-response curve of PM2.5 and YLL due to COPD showed a non-linear pattern, with relatively steep at low levels and flattened out at higher exposures.. Furthermore, the effects were significantly higher in the elderly than those in the younger. Conclusions: Our findings explored burden of PM2.5 on YLL due to COPD and highlight the importance and urgency of ambient PM2.5 pollution control and protection of the vulnerable populations.National Natural Science Foundation of China [81372950, 81502780]; National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFC0207103, 2016YFC0206506]; China Association for Science and Technology [2016QNRC001]; Medical Technology Program Foundation of Zhejiang, China [2014KYA202]; Science and Technology Program of Ningbo, China [2014C50027]SCI(E)ARTICLE1
The burden of air pollution on years of life lost in Beijing, China, 2004-08: retrospective regression analysis of daily deaths
No full textObjectives: To better understand the burden of air pollution on deaths, we examined the effects of air pollutants on years of life lost (YLL) in Beijing, China. Design: Retrospective regression analysis using daily time series. Setting: 8 urban districts in Beijing, China. Participants: 80 515 deaths (48 802 male, 31 713 female) recorded by the Beijing death classification system during 2004-08. Main outcome measures: Associations between daily YLL and ambient air pollutants (particulate matter with aerodynamic diamete
Methodological considerations in injury burden of disease studies across Europe: a systematic literature review
No full textBackground: Calculating the disease burden due to injury is complex, as it requires many methodological choices. Until now, an overview of the methodological design choices that have been made in burden of disease (BoD) studies in injury populations is not available. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify existing injury BoD studies undertaken across Europe and to comprehensively review the methodological design choices and assumption parameters that have been made to calculate years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD) in these studies. Methods: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, and the grey literature supplemented by handsearching, for BoD studies. We included injury BoD studies that quantified the BoD expressed in YLL, YLD, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in countries within the European Region between early-1990 and mid-2021. Results: We retrieved 2,914 results of which 48 performed an injury-specific BoD assessment. Single-country independent and Global Burden of Disease (GBD)-linked injury BoD studies were performed in 11 European countries. Approximately 79% of injury BoD studies reported the BoD by external cause-of-injury. Most independent studies used the incidence-based approach to calculate YLDs. About half of the injury disease burden studies applied disability weights (DWs) developed by the GBD study. Almost all independent injury studies have determined YLL using national life tables. Conclusions: Considerable methodological variation across independent injury BoD assessments was observed; differences were mainly apparent in the design choices and assumption parameters towards injury YLD calculations, implementation of DWs, and the choice of life table for YLL calculations. Development and use of guidelines for performing and reporting of injury BoD studies is crucial to enhance transparency and comparability of injury BoD estimates across Europe and beyond. © 2022, The Author(s)
Zhongguo Ningbo Shi kong qi wu ran wu dui xin xue guan ji bing si wang de ji xing xiao ying
No full textPh.D.IntroductionChina faces a growing burden of cardiovascular mortality. Air pollution is increasingly recognized as a cardiovascular risk factor. Previous epidemiologic studies worldwide have demonstrated short-term exposure to air pollution could be a trigger of cardiovascular mortality. These studies assessed mortality often using daily death counts as the only outcome and did not take into account age at death. Years of life lost (YLL), which is determined by both death and age at death, is thus anticipated to be more sensitive in detecting the effect of air pollution. To better understand the triggering effect of air pollution on cardiovascular death, we conducted this time-series ecological study to evaluate and further compare the effect of particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10), particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM₂.₅), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃) and carbon monoxide (CO) on daily death counts and YLL from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), based on six-year data in Ningbo, China.MethodsThe total population in Ningbo was approximately 7.8 million and 60,146 CVD deaths were included in the study period. We analyzed the association of air pollutants with daily death counts and YLL from CVD for years between 2009 and 2014 with generalized additive Gaussian and quasi-Poisson regression models, adjusting for temporal and seasonal trends, daily mean temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. Two different measures of air pollution exposure used in the analyses were the single day exposure and moving average exposure, starting from lag 0 through lag 10. We estimated the relative increase for daily death counts and absolute increase for YLL per interquartile-range increase in each pollutant.ResultsAfter adjusting for long-term trends, seasonality and meteorological variables, SO₂, NO₂ and CO showed a statistically significant effect on both daily death counts and YLL; PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ showed a statistically significant effect on death counts but not on YLL; O₃ showed a statistically significant effect on neither of the two outcomes. We found the largest effect on CVD mortality for SO₂ and second largest for NO₂ and CO, which all remained persistent after controlling for co-pollutants.In the single day analysis, it took 1 to 2 days for most air pollutants to reach a statistically significant effect on CVD mortality and reach the peak effect on the same day or 1 to 2 days thereafter. In the moving average analysis, the effect of previous average exposure reached its peak when the exposure was averaged for a minimum period of 8 days or sometimes a few days longer. The peak effect of moving average exposure is approximately twice as large as that of single day exposure.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that short-term exposure to SO₂, NO₂ and CO might increase the risk of death from CVD in Ningbo. An exposure to a pollutant for 8 to 10 consecutive days seems most dangerous. Contrary to our initial expectation, YLL was, however, less sensitive than death counts in detecting the short-term effect of air pollution, possibly due to that young CVD patients have mostly died in the less polluted days. We argued that single day exposure analysis is bound to more severely underestimate the true effect of air pollution than moving average analysis.背景中國正面臨著日益增加的心血管疾病（CVD）死亡負擔和嚴重的空氣污染。世界各地區的流行病學研究表明短期暴露於空氣污染可能誘發CVD死亡。這其中的大多數研究以每日CVD死亡計數作為唯一結局，並未考慮個體死亡年齡和預期壽命。壽命損失年數（YLL）作為可評估個體預期壽命損失的指標，被認為能夠更敏感地評估污染物對健康的潛在風險。為了更全面地理解空氣污染對CVD死亡的觸發效應，我們基於中國寧波市2009年至2014年間氣象監測和死亡資料，評估和比較粒徑≤10μm的粗顆粒（PM₁₀）、粒徑≤2.5μm的細顆粒（PM₂.₅）、二氧化硫（SO₂）、二氧化氮（NO₂）、臭氧（O₃）和一氧化碳（CO）對每日CVD死亡計數和YLL的急性效應。方法本研究共納入60,146例CVD死亡，在此期間寧波總人口約為780萬人。我們分別使用廣義相加模型的半泊松回歸和高斯回歸研究每日CVD死亡計數和YLL與各污染物日平均濃度的關係，同時控制長期趨勢、季節週期、日平均溫度，相對濕度和風速等因素的影響。我們對各污染物分別使用單日污染物暴露和多日污染物暴露的移動平均， 以評估不同滯後天數（0至10天）的效應估計值。模型的結果以各污染物濃度每升高四分位差所引起的每日CVD死亡計數的相對增長和YLL的絕對增長表示。結果控制長期趨勢、季節週期、氣象因素後，SO₂、NO₂和CO對每日CVD死亡計數和YLL均有統計學意義; PM₁₀和PM₂.₅對死亡計數有統計學意義，但對YLL沒有顯著影響; O₃對兩個結局均沒有顯著影響。我們發現SO₂效應值最大，NO₂和CO其次，並且這三個污染物的效應在控制其他污染物後仍有統計學意義。就單日暴露而言，大多數污染物對CVD死亡的效應需要1至2天才達到統計學顯著影響，並在同一天或之後1至2天達到峰值。就多日暴露的移動平均而言，污染物對CVD死亡的效應在至少連續8天的平均暴露達到峰值。多日暴露的效應峰值約是單日暴露的兩倍。結論短期暴露於SO₂、NO₂和CO可能會增加寧波市人群CVD死亡風險，且連續8到10天的暴露風險最大。與我們預期相反，YLL在評估空氣污染物對CVD死亡的急性效應時，不如死亡計數敏感，可能是因為大部分較年輕的CVD患者死於較低污染水平。我們認為，單日暴露與多日暴露的移動平均相比，更嚴重地低估空氣污染的真實效應。Fu, Xiaohong.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2019.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-131).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 15, December, 2020).Fu, Xiaohong
EXAMINATION OF INTERNET AND SHOPPING ONLINE ADDICTION ON KOSOVO STUDENTS DURING THE COVID PERIOD
No full textIn order to carry out this research, questionnaires were collected online, where the main focus was students from public and private faculties. The specific focus of the research is the correlation of internet addiction with online shopping. In order to achieve the objectives of the study and the ideal results, participants were selected from different faculties in Kosovo and we were able to collect data from different parts of Kosovo. These questionnaires were collected during the covid-19 period in 2021. Questionnaires were applied to different age groups starting from 18 years old and above. The number of participants in this study is 295. The research analyzes were done with IBM SPSS Statistics, where a non-parametric correlation and Spearman's analysis between Internet addiction and online shopping were aimed in our research, we noticed gender differences in the dependence on online shopping where women have resulted higher in this case, the value is higher of addiction to online student shopping varies significantly in terms of gender. Our results also show a significant change in financial status which means dependence on online shopping leads to financial difficulties. Internet and shopping addiction has resulted in positive correlations; addiction has been high where the main cause may be the pandemic time which has made people more passive. This research aimed to find the dependency of online shopping in the universities of Kosovo, where the research was conducted through two questionnaires that measured Internet addiction and online shopping where the focus was on students
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