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Kultuuri roll innovatsiooniprotsessides
No full textVäitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneInnovatsiooni tähtsus on viimastel aastakümnetel pidevalt kasvanud. Ettevõtted kasutavad innovatsiooni kiirelt muutuvas majanduskeskkonnas ellu jäämiseks ning konkurentsieelise saavutamiseks. Riigid julgustavad innovatsiooni nii ettevõtete kui akadeemia tasandil mitmel põhjusel, näiteks oma kodanike elukvaliteedi tõstmiseks, välisinvesteeringute kaasamiseks ning kaasaegse maailma paljudele väljakutsetele lahenduste välja töötamiseks. Nende arengute tõttu muutub aina tähtsamaks nende tegurite teaduslik uurimine, mis seletavad erinevate riikide innovatsioonitegevuste väljundite erinevust. Kultuur on üks viis, millega saab mõnda neist erinevustest selgitada.
Käesolev doktoritöö tugineb erinevatele kultuuriteooriale, et aidata mõista, mis rolli kultuur mängib erinevate riikide ja regioonide innovatsioonitegevuses. Kolm doktoritöösse kuuluvat empiirilist teadusartiklit heidavad valgust kultuuri ja innovatsiooni erinevate osiste vahelisele suhtele ning ka teguritele, mille kaudu kultuur innovatsiooni mõjutab. Need uurimused rakendavad nii kaasaegset metodoloogiat ning andmeid kui ka alternatiivseid käsitlusi kultuuri ja innovatsiooni vahelise seose analüüsimiseks.
Käesoleva doktoritöö jaoks läbi viidud uurimuste tulemused näitavad, et kultuur on seotud innovatsiooniga läbi mitme teise nähtuse, sealhulgas iga riigi kulutatavad summad teadus- ja arendustegevusteks ja mitmed riigijuhtimise aspektid. Uurimuste tulemustest johtub, et regiooni tasandil kultuuri ja innovatsiooni vaheliste seoste uurimine on tulemuslik. Need kinnitavad, et tugev seos innovatsiooni ja individualismi vahel on olemas lähtudes nii vanematest kui uuematest kultuuriteooriatest. Lisaks väidavad uurimused, et uuemad kultuuridimensioonide komplektid tagavad empiirilistes uurimustes täpsemad mõõtetulemused ja et teadlased võiksid luua enda kultuuridimensioone kasutades andmeid olemasolevatest küsimustikest.Innovation has gradually increased in importance in recent decades. Firms use innovations to survive in the rapidly changing economic environment and obtain a competitive edge. Countries encourage innovation from both firms and academia for multiple reasons, such as increasing the quality of life of their citizens, attracting foreign investments, and developing solutions to face many modern-world challenges. These developments lead to an ever-growing importance of research on the factors that explain the differences in the innovative activity output of different countries. Culture provides one possible way to explain some of these differences.
This thesis utilises various cultural theories to improve the understanding of the role culture plays in the innovative activity of different countries and regions. Three empirical articles of the thesis offer insights into the relationship between different elements of culture and innovation and the factors through which culture impacts innovation. The studies utilise newer methodology and data as well as alternative approaches to analysing the link between culture and innovation.
The results of the studies of this thesis show that culture is linked with innovation through several other phenomena, including the country’s R&D spending and various aspects of governance. The studies provide evidence of the benefit of analysing the link between culture and innovation at a regional level. They confirm a strong link between innovation and individualism from various cultural theories, both old and new. Finally, they posit that newer sets of cultural dimensions provide more precise measurements for empirical studies and that the researchers could create their own cultural dimensions using the existing questionnaire data.https://www.ester.ee/record=b564906
Culture, religion and productivity: Evidence from European regions
Full text linkThis study investigates how a region’s labour productivity could be influenced by cultural dimensions and religion - factors that have not received much attention in the previous literature. As another novelty, regional-level data (78 regions of 22 European countries) were analysed. Correlation and regression analysis was performed. The results showed individualism to be positively and masculinity and power distance to be negatively related to labour productivity. When cultural dimensions were included, both general religiosity and the achievement motivation indicator capturing the values of a strong work ethic turned out to be insignificant
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
How many cultural dimensions do we need?
No full textThe research on culture as a pattern of values, attitudes, beliefs, and norms that differentiates countries or other units from another has reached the point where the abundance of different cultural models, all offering various cultural dimensions, might be rather confusing than helping. However, it can be reasonable to assume that different models cover the same cultural elements while grouping those elements in different ways. Based on already published theoretical and empirical research and new analyses, this presentation will discuss how different cultural models align with each other and with objective indicators describing various social, economic, and political phenomena. After all, although most interesting for researchers as it is, culture is a research topic also because we are interested in how cultural differences explain differences in various other phenomena and why different societies differ in how successful they are in managing various societal challenges. The presentation searches for answers to the following questions. Are two cultural dimensions enough to capture modern cultural differences across the world? How much do we need to explain the differences between societies? Is there one default cultural model that we can rely on from now on? Or is this picture still more nuanced
Majandusteaduse matemaatilised alused
Full text linkKopeerimine ja printimine lubatudhttp://www.ester.ee/record=b1740725*es
Analysis of the factors of income inequality: the structural equation modelling approach
Full text linkVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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