830 research outputs found
Effectivity of banner advertisement
No full textThe thesis deals about banner advertisement. After brief introduction, theoretical basis describes how did banner advertisement go throughout the timeline, what are the possibilities of banner advertisement, which technologies can be used for proper banner advertisement, how is it measured, etc. In practical part of thesis a global company is introduced and there are analyzed ways how it uses banners in its web presentation. In final part a research is made to point out the importance of various factors effecting the efficiency of banner advertising. In conclusion author summarizes findings and tries to give hints how to use powers of effective advertising in bussinnes
'The Cloud of Unknowing': its inheritance and its inheritors
No full textThe thesis attempts a portrait of The Cloud in the context of its
position in the history of Christian mysticism. That the
anonymous work owed much to spiritual writers of the preceding
twelve hundred years is not debatable; what it owed maybe
slightly less obvious. The Cloud is essentially a work of
Dionysian mysticism, and various writers within that tradition
who may have influenced or affected the teaching of The Cloud are
examined. At the same time, however, the anonymous writer owes
much to the western tradition of Augustinian theology, and the
role of this, complementary to the Dionysian mysticism, is also
considered. In Chapter II we look at the theological doctrine
underlying the mystical doctrine of the Cloud corpus. Chapter
III has two major parts, both concerned with the influence of
The Cloud on the subsequent development of spiritual writing in
England. The first considers the relationship with Walter
Hilton. The second examines aspects of Puritan thought which may
indicate that the influence of The Cloud, after the Reformation,
was not restricted to Catholic thought
ATTITUDES TO ONLINE BANNER ADVERTISING ON THE "VK.COM" SOCIAL NETWORK AS A CHANNEL FOR PURCHASING CLOTHING
No full textThe tittle of the diploma thesis is Attitudes to online banner advertising on social network VK.com as a channel for purchasing clothing. The main objective is to examine attitudes of the registered users of Russian social network VK.com to banner advertising. Author of the diploma thesis explaines the role of online banner advertising, its main types and forms. To determine users attitudes to online banner advertising, qualitative and quantitative researches were made. The diploma thesis consists of two parts: literature overview and practical part. The first part focuses on a theoretical background; specified terms and definitions of online banner advertising were described. The practical part focuses on the detailed analysis of the online banner advertising on a chosen social network. The conditions of the placement and payment methods were examined. Practical part includes the survey and interpretation of the results. In the final chapter, based on the results of the questionnaire and the calculations, author provides the recommendations for the increase of the online banner advertising effectiveness. Author advices the social network how to avoid the banner blindness effect and to attract the attention of users
The Banner-Enfeoffment System under the Early Manchu-Qing Empire
No full textThe Manchu khanate (manju gurun), or the Qing 清 empire before conquest of China, is usually understood to have been organized into the Eight Banners (jakūn gūsa / baqi 八旗). This was a social-political-military organization made up of companies (niru / zuoling 佐領). Each banner was subject to its own banner prince, or beile who was enfeoffed with the banner and granted companies by Nurhaci, or Emperor Taizu 太祖. However, no one has ever tried to find any patterns of banner-enfeoffment. The purpose of this paper is to examine cases of the establishment of the lord-vassal relationships between banner princes and their bannermen, which is the key to clarifying the banner-enfeoffment of Nurhaci.Here the author focuses attention on the annexation and incorporation of the Nara clan, the chieftains of Four Tribes of Hūlun (Hada, Yehe, Ula, Hoifa) in Haixi Jurehens 海西女直. When Nurhaci conquered and annexed them one by one, he assigned the surrendered chieftains to banner princes, including himself, according to affinal relationship. The former chieftains were given high ranks and at least two hereditary companies which consisted of former subjects, and the other vassals and people were shared among the Eight Banners. From that time, tribal chieftains were made bannermen subordinate to their own banner princes.This fact shows that the treatment of newcomers was founded on their birth and strength, and the assignment to banners was based on various connections, such as the affinal relationships. It also follows from this that banner-enfeoffment can be explained by the legitimate heirs of the imperial house being given the rank of banner prince and assigned banners according to their affinal relationships with the powerful clans. To put it another way, banner princes subjected the former clans and tribes, which were dissolved and reorganized into companies. The author defines this as the “banner-enfeoffment” system. Such a feature of the Eight Banners, namely the Manchu khanate, is common to the state structure of Central Eurasian states, such as the Mongol empire，rather than to the monarchy and bureaucracy of Ming 明 China.journal articl
Wilbanks CEASE Clinic Conference featured in Athens Banner-Herald
No full textWilbanks CEASE Clinic Conference featured in Athens Banner-Herald Monday, January 30, 2017
The Wilbanks Child Endangerment and Sexual Exploitation Clinic\u27s 2017 conference was featured in the Athens Banner-Herald. Its keynote speaker Ross Cheit, a Brown University professor and author, was highlighted. The article titled \u27Witch hunt narrative\u27 helps protect abusers, but hurts victims of child sex abuse, says UGA speaker was written by Lee Shearer and posted 1/28/17.
Read the full articl
The dynamics of orographic banner clouds
No full textWhile being observer on Mount Zugspitze during the years 1945-1948, Joachim Kuettner observed and described (amongst many other things) the phenomenon of banner clouds. He also took measurements, which unfortunately got lost afterwards.
Meeting with Joach many decades later motivated the author to start a project called "The Dynamics of Orographic Banner Clouds". This project involved continuous observations with a web camera, insitu measurements on both sides of Mount Zugspitze, as well as a measurement campaign with observations from a variety of instruments. In addition, a new large eddy simulation (LES) model was designed, which is particularly well suited to deal with moist air flow over and around an isolated steep mountain.
Key scientific questions are the origin of the windward-leeward asymmetry, the underlying basic mechanism, the role of diabatic processes, and the observed unstable stratification. The results from our project indicate that there is a strong windward-leeward asymmetry in the Lagrangian vertical displacement when air flows over and around a tall and steep mountain. Three-dimensional geometry seems to be a prerequisite for banner cloud formation. Latent heat release leads to the observed unstable stratification at the top of the banner cloud, but it is of secondary importance for the banner cloud as a whole
Exploring the factors underlying successful publication following participation in an Author Assist service
No full textAuthor Assist is an initiative of the African Journal of Emergency Medicine (AfJEM) that pairs an experienced researcher with an author recently rejected for publication to assist with revision of the rejected article. This study explores the factors of the assistance process within partnerships that have achieved successful publication after resubmission and blind peer-review. It aims to improve Author Assist's ability to facilitate successful publication by identifying potential areas of focus that impact individual researcher development. A grounded theory, qualitative approach first looks at the assistance process for seven individuals via semi-structured interview. Structured surveys with a wider sample size of authors then provide feedback on specific components of the process and inform recommendations for improvements to the programme. Interviews are analysed by deductive placement of themes into inductively-developed categories. Participant stories within the African acute care context tend to be consistent with available literature describing current global challenges in overcoming barriers to scientific research and publication. Recounts of the Author Assist process are overwhelmingly positive, and frame the programme as a worthwhile, albeit time consuming, initiative that makes a substantial difference in the professional development of individuals, their ability to take on mentorship roles themselves, and their future success in scientific publication. Inductive build-up from interviews of effective components of the process, and suggestions for progression of the programme are confirmed by responses from other past participants. Common themes arising from author feedback include perceived pressure by assistants to complete work on time amidst other career demands; the effectiveness of the partnerships in addressing issues of language, structure, and submission requirements; and the desire for the programme to encompass the full research process. Assistant themes tend to mirror those of the authors. In addition, assistants suggest a more involved manuscript assessment by the journal, prior to commissioning a partnership. Also suggested is a redesign of the assistant database to categorise by type of assistance offered, rather than by topic expertise. The findings from this study confirm Author Assist's unique niche within emergency care development, and its effectiveness in supporting individual research careers. A number of reasonable and low cost improvements to the programme have been put forward for AfJEM to improve ability to facilitate successful publication
Alpheus songkla sensu Banner & Banner 1966, stat. nov.
No full textAlpheus songkla Banner & Banner, 1966, stat. nov. (Figs. 41, 52C) [see also Fig. 42 for A. cf. songkla] Alpheus malabaricus songkla Banner & Banner 1966: 147, fig. 56; Angsupanich & Kuwabara 1999: 6; Angsupanich et al. 2005: 376; Naiyanetr 2007: 173. (?) Alpheus malabaricus songkla.— Thomas 1976: 668. Type material. Holotype, female (cl 6.1 mm), USNM 120407, Thailand, Thale Sap (Songkhla Lake), BR44, commercial shrimp trawl, sandy bottom, depth: approximately 1 m, leg. A.H. Banner, 27.03.1963; paratype, female (cl 6.4 mm), USNM 120408, same collection data as for previous specimen. Tentative identification. Alpheus cf. songkla. Singapore: 2 males (cl 8.8, 10.0 mm), 1 female (9.6 mm), ZRC 1992.11117 – 11119, Pulau Ubin, mudflat, leg. P.K.L. Ng, 08.1987; 1 male (cl 6.8 mm, missing minor cheliped), 2 females (cl 5.6, 7.5 mm), ZRC 2014.0665, near Sarimbun Scouts Camp (Jalan Bahtera), seining on mud, leg. H.H. Ng, H. Wong & Y.L. Teo, 14.02.2012 [48193–48195]. Malaysia: 3 males (cl 7.4–8.0 mm), 1 female (cl 9.5 mm), OUMNH. ZC. 2019.06.50 [ex ZRC 2009.0306], Terengganu, Telok Tebrau, intertidal mudflats, with gobies, leg. Z. Jaafar, 05.11.2002. Thailand: 1 male (cl 9.6 mm), USNM 65561, “ Sin Gora inland sea [locality not found], leg. H.M. Smith, 20.06.1925; 1 male (cl 10.6 mm, missing both chelipeds), USNM 65558, Paknam, Menam Chao Phraya near Bangkok, Klang Krang, leg. H. Smith, 21.05.1925; 1 female (cl 9.0 mm), USNM 65477 /2, Bangpakong River, leg. H. Smith, 01.07.1923. Vietnam: 1 male (cl 8.1 mm), MNHN-IU-2018-5655, Duyen-Hai near Ho Chi Minh City, leg. H. Dung, 12.08.1995; 1 male (cl 10.4 mm, minor cheliped abnormal, see below), MNHN-IU-2019-2290, same collection data as for previous specimen. Australia: 1 male (cl 6.5 mm), NTM Cr.015100, Northern Territory, Arnhem Land, Milingimbi, east of Nilpaiwa Islands, 12º03.389’S 134º52.835’E, depth: 2.2 m, leg. S.K. Horner & G.M. Dally, 04.12.2004. Comparative material. Alpheus malabaricus (Fabricius, 1775) sensu lato (sensu Banner & Banner 1982; Chace 1988; but see discussion below). Taiwan: 1 male (cl 7.1 mm), OUMNH. ZC. 2019.06.51, Chang Hua, mudflat, leg. T. Y. Chan et al., 07.1996. Thailand: 1 female (cl 12.0 mm), OUMNH. ZC. 2019.06.52, Lake Thale Sap (= Songkhla), leg. S. Hajisamae, 17.08.2013; 1 male (cl 11.7 mm), OUMNH. ZC. 2019.06.53, Pattani Bay, Pattani, leg. S. Hajisamae, 01.2013; 1 ov. female (cl 9.5 mm), OUMNH. ZC. 2019.06.54, Phuket, E Chalong Bay, mudflat in front of mangrove, depth: <0.5 m, suction pump, leg. A. Anker, J.C.Y. Lai & M. Ng, 04.03.2008 [PH 12-08-036]. Indonesia: 1 male (cl 11.7 mm), OUMNH. ZC. 2019.06.55, Papua, Ajkwa Island, mangrove, leg. A. Darmawan et al., 20.07.2012; 1 ov. female (cl 12.4 mm), QM W25803-1, Papua, Ajkwa River estuary, 4°50’S 136°50’E, Environmental Laboratory, PT Freeport, Sta. Ajk-36, estuarine habitat, 30.03.2000; 3 males (cl 10.2–14.6 mm), 1 female (cl 11.0 mm), QM W25802, Papua, West Ajkwa River, river mouth at Lanal Base, 4°50’S 136°50’E, Environmental Laboratory, PT Freeport, Sta. Ajk-36, estuarine habitat, 29.07.1999; 1 ov. female (cl 11.6 mm), 1 male major cheliped, OUMNH. ZC. 2019.06.56, Lombok, Lembar, prawn ponds, muddy banks of brackish stream, low tide, suction pump, leg. A. Anker, I.S. Pratama, M. Firdaus & D.L. Rahayu, 14.05.2014 [St5-14]; 1 male (cl 9.4 mm), 1 ov. female (cl 7.8 mm), OUMNH. ZC. 2019.06.57, Lombok, Teluk Sekotong, near mangrove, 0.1–0.3 m at low tide, suction pump, leg. A. Anker, I.S. Pratama, M. Firdaus & D.L. Rahayu, 14.05.2014 [St6-03]; 1 ov. female (cl indet.), ZRC 2014.0682, Anambas, sta. EAJL 03, Pulau Jemaja Teluk, deep sheltered sandy bay, northern and eastern sides with fringing Rhizophora and Bruguiera mangrove inlets, leg. J.C.Y. Lai et al., 13.03.2002. Singapore: 2 males (cl 15.4, 15.9 mm), 1 ov. female (cl 16.7 mm), ZRC 1992.11124 – 11126, Pulau Ubin, mudflat, leg. P.K.L. Ng, 08.1987; 2 males (cl 12.4, 12.5 mm), ZRC 1992.11122 – 11123, same collection data as for previous specimens; 1 male (cl 9.0 mm), ZRC 1994.4392, Kallang Basin, sta. 5, dredge, leg. Reef Ecology Study Team, 16.12.1994. Australia: 1 male (cl indet.), QM W25812, SE Queensland, Innes Park, creek, 300 m from mouth, mangroves, sand, leg. J. Johnson & A. Gill, 12.05.2000; 1 male (cl 13.4 mm), 1 ov. female (cl 14.9 mm), NTM Cr. 008307, Northern Territory, Darwin, Ludmilla Creek mouth, 12º24.8’S, 130º50.7’ E, undisturbed mangrove, low tide, leg. M. Burke, 04.06.1991. Description. See Banner & Banner (1966) for original description and illustrations, as A. malabaricus songkla; see also discussion below. Colour pattern. The colour pattern of the type specimens from Songkhla Lake is unknown. The colour pattern of the Indian specimens identified by Thomas (1976) as A. malabaricus songkla was described as following: general body colour cream with dark brown cross bands along posterior margins of pleonites and carapace; tips of uropods and anterior border of carapace between orbital hood and lateral angle dark brown; antennal flagella bluish violet, antennular flagella with brownish tinge; chelipeds grey with violet inner [mesial?] depression of large chela; remaining portion of chela and legs pinkish; exopods and endopods of pleopods [erroneously called chelipeds] bright red with paler bases; underside of pleon and chela white (adapted from Thomas 1976; however, see below). Type locality. Thale Sap (Songkhla Lake), Thailand. Distribution. Indo-West Pacific: with certainty known only from the type locality in Thailand, Thale Sap = Songkhla Lake (Banner & Banner 1966); record from India (Thomas 1976) requires confirmation; additional records of A. cf. songkla from Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore and Northern Territory, Australia (Fig. 52C) (see discussion below). Common name proposed. Songhkla snapping shrimp. Ecology and biology. Shallow subtidal species found on mud and sand bottoms usually off mangroves or inside brackish and saltwater lagoons; the South-East Asian and Australian specimens were collected in 1–3 m deep water (Banner & Banner 1966; present study), whereas the Indian specimens (which may or may not be A. songkla) came from a depth range of 3–10 m (Thomas 1976). Taxonomic remarks. Banner & Banner (1966) separated their new subspecies A. malabaricus songkla from A. malabaricus, including the forms known as A. malabaricus dolichodactylus Ortmann, 1890 and A. malabaricus leptopus De Man, 1910 (both now in the synonymy of A. malabaricus, see below), by the relative length of the fingers of the minor chela, which are 1.5 times as long as the palm (vs. at least three times as long as the palm in the other three forms). In addition, in A. malabaricus songkla, the distal parts of the fingers are strongly crossing, which is not the case of A. malabaricus dolichodactylus and A. malabaricus leptopus. In the general shape and proportions of the minor chela, A. malabaricus songkla approaches A. malabaricus mackayi Banner, 1959, which was elevated to species rank, as A. mackayi (Banner 1959; Banner & Banner 1974). However, Chace (1988) placed all the above-mentioned species and varieties, including A. malabaricus songkla and A. mackayi, as well as A. macrodactylus Ortmann, 1890, A. malabaricus trefzae Banner & Banner, 1982 and A. mazatlanicus Wicksten, 1983, in the synonymy of A. malabaricus. The clearly premature synonymisations of Chace (1988) resulted in the morphologically and ecologically highly variable A. malabaricus sensu lato, a “species” with a vast geographic range, intertidal and deep-water populations, specimens with relatively short to extremely elongated fingers of the minor cheliped, specimens with the dactylar plunger of the major cheliped ranging from very large and stout to greatly reduced, and a great deal of other “intraspecific variation”. Although the revision of the entire A. malabaricus complex (A. malabaricus sensu Chace 1988) is well beyond the scope of the present study, the author sees no reason for treating A. macrodactylus, A. mackayi, A. mazatlanicus and A. malabaricus songkla as junior synonyms of A. malabaricus (cf. Banner & Banner 1966, 1974, 1982, 1983; Kim & Abele 1988), whilst the taxonomic status of A. malabaricus dolichodactylus, A. malabaricus leptopus and A. malabaricus trefzae (cf. De Man 1911; Banner & Banner 1982) will need further clarification. Nevertheless, awaiting a long-needed revision of A. malabaricus, the comparative material examined in this study is listed under A. malabaricus sensu lato, even though it certainly contains more than one species. Banner & Banner (1966) noted that A. malabaricus songkla differs from A. mackayi by the longer rostrum; the lack of rostro-orbital furrows; and the fingers of the minor chela slenderer and with longer, distally stronger crossing tips. In A. malabaricus songkla, the orbital hoods seem to be less projecting than in A. mackayi, whereas the second article of the antennular peduncle is noticeably shorter than in A. mackayi (cf. Banner & Banner 1966: fig. 56A; Banner 1959: fig. 12a, b). Furthermore, the telson of A. malabaricus songkla has straight lateral margins; these are strongly convex in A. mackayi (cf. idem: fig. 56H; fig. 12m). The main differences between A. malabaricus songkla and A. macrodactylus consist in the less projecting orbital hoods (cf. Banner & Banner 1966: fig. 56A; Banner & Banner 1982: fig. 65a); the ratio of the fingers to the palm in the major chela being around 0.7 in A. malabaricus songkla vs. closer to 1.0 in A. macrodactylus (cf. idem: fig. 56B, C; fig. 65b, c); and the minor cheliped fingers somewhat shorter relative to the palm (1.5 times as long as the palm), without armature on the cutting edges and with the fingertips strongly crossing in A. malabaricus songkla vs. noticeably longer (1.8 times as long as the palm), with small teeth in the proximal portion of the cutting edges and with the fingertips not strongly crossing in A. macrodactylus (cf. idem: fig. 56D, E; fig. 65e, f). Finally, A. malabaricus songkla can be easily separated from the eastern Pacific A. mazatlanicus, for instance, by the shape of the rostro-orbital area; the length of the second article of the antennular peduncle; the shape of the major chela dactylus; and the relative proportions of the carpal subarticles in the second pereiopod (cf. Banner & Banner 1966: fig. 56; Kim & Abele 1988: fig. 36). Therefore, A. malabaricus songkla is herein elevated to full species rank, as A. songkla stat. nov. Despite the fact that A. songkla is morphologically different from all species and subspecies (or varieties) currently assigned to the A. malabaricus complex, it remains a problematic taxon. The description by Banner & Banner (1966) was based exclusively on females, i.e., the morphology of the male minor chela, of critical importance for taxonomy of Alpheus, currently remains unknown. Therefore, at this stage, a redescription or a new diagnosis for A. songkla would not be very useful. However, an opportunity is taken to correct a number of small errors and inaccuracies in the original description of A. songkla by Banner & Banner (1966), based on re-examination of the type material (Fig. 41). One of the most important features of A. songkla setting it clearly apart from the A. malabaricus complex is the relatively weak anterior projection of the orbital hoods (Banner & Banner 1966: fig. 56A; see also Figs. 41A, 42A; cf. Banner & Banner 1974: fig. 12a; Banner & Banner 1982: fig. 64a, 65a; Kim & Abele 1988: fig. 36a, b; Chace 1988: fig. 9a). The antennal basicerite of the holotype (USNM 120407) has a small, curved tooth in the middle of the distolateral margin (apparently broken on the right side), which seems to correspond to “minute lateral spine” in the description of Banner & Banner (1966). However, the antennal basicerite of the examined paratype (USNM 120408) has a similar curved tooth only on the right side, being unarmed on the left side. The ischium of the third pereiopod has a small spiniform seta, as correctly figured by Banner & Banner (1966: fig. 56G). The propodus of the third pereiopod has a row of tightly appressed spiniform setae between the long stiff setae; only the latter were shown by Banner & Banner (1966: fig. 56G), who stated that the propodus is “bearing strong setae but no spinules”, which is incorrect. Furthermore, the mesial face of the major chela is not perfectly smooth, but has a large field of fine granules distally, i.e., on the distal portion of the palm and most of the pollex, reminiscent of the granulation of A. eurydactylus (although weaker). The mesial subdistal ridge of the pollex is long and sharp, and departs from a conspicuous proximal bump, as in A. euphrosyne, A. eurydactylus, A. takla sp. nov., etc. The last two taxonomically important features of the major chela (granulation and mesial subdistal ridge) were not mentioned nor illustrated by Banner & Banner (1966). In addition, the minor chela fingers of both examined type specimens are quite setose, covered by tufts of numerous stiff setae; these setae were omitted in the original illustrations of the minor cheliped by Banner & Banner (1966: fig. 56D, E). The ventromesial carina of the first article of the antennular peduncle (not illustrated in the original description) is broadly rounded-triangular and without an acute point. The taxonomic identity of two males and four females from southern India (Korapuzha estuary north of Kozhikode on the Malabar Coast) reported as Alpheus malabaricus songkla by Thomas (1976) remains uncertain. According to Thomas (1976), both male and female specimens had “dense setae” on the lateral margins of the minor chela fingers, which were not referred to as “balaeniceps setae” (the same author reported a balaeniceps minor chela in A. euphrosyne). Banner & Banner (1966) did not mention nor illustrated dense setae on the female minor cheliped of A. songkla, but the re-examination of the type material confirmed that the minor chela is indeed quite setose (see above). Noteworhy is that Thomas’ (1976) descriptions of the colour patterns of A. m. songkla and A. euphrosyne are almost identical. The material from Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand and Australia herein tentatively identified as A. cf. songkla is morphologically somewhat heterogeneous and needs further study. The material from Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam is discussed in more detail below. (1) The specimens from Pulau Ubin and Sarimbun, Singapore (ZRC 1992.11117–11119, ZRC 2014.0665), are morphologically most similar to A. songkla, e.g., in the configuration of the rostro-orbital area and antennules; the presence of a small tooth on the antennal basicerite; the relatively slender major chela, with a moderately developed plunger on the dactylus; and the general proportions of the female chela. The general characteristics of the male minor cheliped place these specimens close to A. eurydactylus. However, they differ from A. eurydactylus in the longer distolateral tooth of the scaphocerite, exceeding the distal margin of the blade (vs. not exceeding it in A. eurydactylus), and in the dorsal surface of the telson without longitudinal depression (present in A. eurydactylus). In addition, the Singaporean specimens have slenderer chelipeds compared to those of similarly sized specimens of A. eurydactylus. (2) The male from “Sin Gora inland sea” in Thailand (USNM 65561) generally agrees with A. songkla, for instance, in the similar frontal area; the third pereiopod ischium armed with a spiniform seta; the third pereiopod propodus bearing stout appressed spines and long stiff setae; and the spatulate third pereiopod dactylus. However, the distolateral margin of the antennal basicerite of this specimen has no trace of tooth on both sides. The minor chela of this male specimen, which cannot be directly compared with that of the females of A. songkla, is very similar to that of A. eurydactylus. (3) The incomplete male from Menam Chao Phraya near Bangkok, Thailand (USNM 65558), matches A. songkla in most characters, including the very similar rostro-orbital area; the presence of a small, sharp tooth on the distolateral margin of the antennal basicerite (on both sides); the major chela with a gently sloping dorsal shoulder and granulated distomesially (with minute granules on the distal portion of the palm, pollex and dactylus); the major chela pollex with a distinct mesial subdistal ridge; the second pereiopod with the first carpal article much longer than the second; and the propodus of the third and fourth pereiopods furnished with stout appressed spines and long stiff setae. However, the ischium of the third and fourth pereiopods of this specimen is unarmed (vs. armed with a spiniform seta in A. songkla), and the third pereiopod merus appears to be somewhat broader than in A. songkla, as illustrated by Banner & Banner (1966: fig. 56G). The female from Bangpakong River, Thailand (USNM 65477/2), has essentially the same characterstics as the male from Menam Chao Phraya and seems to belong to the same species. (4) The two males from Duyen-Hai near Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (MNHN-IU-2018-5655, MNHN-IU-2019- 2290, see Fig. 42), were initially identified by the author as A. cf. eurydactylus. They differ from the typical A. eurydactylus, however, by the slenderer second pereiopod, with the first article much longer than the second; the third pereiopod ischium armed with a spiniform seta (as in A. songkla); and the slightly different proportions of the minor chela fingers to the palm in the male with the normally developed minor cheliped (MNHN-IU-2018-5655). In the male with a somewhat abnormal minor cheliped (MNHN-IU-2019-2290), the palm has a distinct dorsal notch, whilst the fingers possess a weak balaeniceps crest. On the other hand, they appear to be more similar to the afore-mentioned specimens of A. cf. songkla from Singapore. Thus, the above character combinations do not allow identifying the material from Singapore, Vietnam and Thailand reliably as A. songkla (or as A. eurydactylus) and the situation is further complicated by the variation in the armature of the antennal basicerite in the type material of A. songkla and of the ischium of the third pereiopod in A. eurydactylus. Since A. songkla is presently known only from females, there is at least a possibility that some of the above-listed material of A. cf. songkla material may indeed represent A. songkla sensu Banner & Banner (1966). Whatever the case might be, it seems most reasonable to treat A. songkla as a species distinct from A. malabaricus and allied forms, as well as from A. eurydactylus, although its taxonomic identity remains problematic due to the lack of males from the type locality. The presence of a mesial subdistal ridge on the major chela pollex in A. songkla and A. malabaricus sensu lato (based on comparative material) may represent a phylogenetic link between the A. malabaricus complex and some species of the A. euphrosyne — A. microrhynchus complex. However, this hypothesis, and the phylogenetic affinities of A. songkla, can be tested only by a recollection of both male and female specimens of A. songkla at or near its type locality; a full redescription of A. songkla, including taxonomically important features of the male minor chela (balaeniceps or not) and colour pattern; and a comprehensive molecular analysis of the A. edwardsii group, including numerous specimens from as many localities as possible from both complexes.Published as part of Anker, Arthur, 2023, Revision of Alpheus euphrosyne De Man, 1897 and A. microrhynchus De Man, 1897, with description of three new species and taxonomic remarks on several other morphologically and ecologically similar snapping shrimps (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Alpheidae), pp. 1-115 in Zootaxa 5282 (1) on pages 75-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5282.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/791229
The Banner as Representation of Identity and Community
No full textThis paper narrates the context for further research into the symbolic significance of the ceremonial banner. It also considers the contemporary St. Cuthbert's banner and its design development by the author. According to Dobson (1973: 27), by the end of the Middle Ages, St. Cuthbert's original banner was 'the most popular, and on the whole the most effective, battle ensign in England'. The Rites of Durham (Fowler 1903: 26) record how it 'afforded victories' where it accompanied the armies of Richard II, Henry IV and Henry VIII into battle. The sacred relic was destroyed in the sixteenth century during the Reformation of England. The parading of a banner to represent a cause or movement draws parallels with the miners' banner; another significant North East artefact. Once a year, the contemporary St. Cuthbert's banner, permanently displayed in the Cathedral, witnesses the dedication and blessing of new miners' banners as part of a service for the Durham Miners' Gala (DMG). The emblematic power of the miners' banner to represent the resilience of former mining communities, is borne through the enduring DMG, which has received a revived attendance over the past few years (Farhat 2015).In considering both the St. Cuthbert's banner and the resurgence of banner groups in the region, it was important to understand historic and contemporary textiles and their ability to connect
to a community. Tilley (1994: 67) recognises that material culture can be an individual activity, but that 'it is always a social production'. As a result of a cross-disciplinary interest in North East mining banners, academics from Northumbria University's Faculty of Arts, Design
& Social Sciences have initiated a research collaboration to explore
a multi-disciplinary approach that embraces methodologies from social science and creative practice. This intended research has the potential
to shed new light on ideas about representation and identity, and to offer opportunities to engage communities in new ways. The hope is to increase understanding of how and why banner groups have formed, what the likely impact of that will be on communities, but also to support groups in the development of lasting cultural legacies relating to the meaning they attach to community, banner and miners' gala
Raman microspectroscopy interrogating 19th and 20th century painted trades union banners
No full textWe have previously developed protocols for the application of Raman microspectroscopy to studies on painted textiles. We have further assessed the value of such microanalyses in the identification of both inorganic and organic constituents, including original components and consolidants used in conservation treatments. This paper presents the results of a recent study on a number of 19th- and 20th-century trades union banners directed at collating a spectral database of inorganic pigments used in the illustrations and at probing the preparative process prior to painting. Such information will contribute to an understanding of the manufacture of such banners and their current condition, leading to the development of optimum conservation procedures.While Raman spectroscopy has the potential to be used in situ and, with the appropriate protocol, is non-destructive, nonetheless we have found that the analysis of resin-embedded cross-sections is to be preferred with microtoming providing the cleanest sample surface. The optimum methodology for acquiring good quality Raman spectra is described including operation in the confocal mode, with consideration of fluorescence, interference from resin, laser-induced photochemistry, and so on
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