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(8(2):6-16)AN EXPERIMENT ON THE EFFECT OF DICYANDIAMIDE FOR RICE
No full text1. 試驗項目係針對水稽之生育狀況與收獲量來觀察Dicyandiamide之肥效性。
2. 共分六期試驗(1952-2nd crop, 1953-lst crop; 1956-lst, 2nd crop; 1957-lst, 2nd crop.)
3. 試驗土壤共五種，本所砂岩頁岩質仲積土，桑園砂壤土，平鎮紅壤，永靖粘板岩質沖積土，新營鹽土。
4. 試驗地點在本所農化系玻璃室，水稻品種為臺中65號，九處理二重複。
5. 民國41年第二期作試驗分析結果，分蘗比，收谷量，藁收量Ammonium sulfate區都比Dicyandiamide區良好。
6. 民42年第一期作Dicyandiamide區稻收量暫追上Ammonium sulfate區之趨勢。
7．民45年第一、二期作Dicyandiamide區與Ammonium sulfate區之分蘗情形都良好，且稻谷收量相差無幾。
8. 民46年第一、二期作Dicyandiamide區之生育與收量情形，有比Ammonium sulfate區為良好之效能。
1. This experiment is conducted for the purpose of ascertaining the cffect of dicyandiamide by means of measuring the plant growth and its crop yield.
2. The entire experiment period covers the following: 1952-2nd crop, 1953-1st crop, 1956-1st and 2nd crop, 1957-1st and 2nd crop.
3. Soils used in the greenhouse experiment includes 1) Sandstone and alluvial soil, 2) The sandy loam of Taipei Sericultual Experimental Station, 3) The lateritic soil of Pingchen, 4) The alluvial soil of Yungching, 5) The alkaline soil of Shanyang.
4. The experiment was conducted in the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. It Consisted from 9 treatments using Taichung No. 65 Variety.
5. In the second crop in 1952, the crop straw yield and number of tillers of ammonium sulfate were higher than those of dicyandiamide.
6. In the first crop in 1953, the yield of dicyandiamide approached that of ammonium sulfate.
7. In the first and second crop in 1956, the effect of dicyandiamide was comparable with that of ammonium sulfate.
8. In the first and second crop in 1957, the effect of dicyandiamide was better than that of ammonium sulfate
(1(2):1-5)An Invesfigation on the Appliction of Calcium Cyanamide in Paddy Soil (No. 2)
No full text1.氰氮化鈣施用量對上瓖分量比率小時，雖在四月間（溫度爲20℃~25℃）初期之分鮮仍甚迅速。
2.在盆栽試驗中，氰氮化鈣與純粹結晶之Cyanamide對水稻之毒害完全相同，而缺乏粘土之砂耕區受害更烈，因在此情形下，Cyanamide之分解困難也。
3.在臺北氣候環境下，若水田土型與本所相類似，施用氰氮化鈣以在插秧前六日爲適宜。From the first report we Knew that the main poison effect on the application of calciam cyanamide in paddy soil was due to the decomposifion of cyanamide. The results of this report might be outlined as follows:
1. Though the ratio between the amount of calcium cyanamide and soilwas small, the decomposition of cyanamide was still rapid at the beginring. This experimeut was carried out in the April, 1917. The variation of room temperature was between 20-25℃.
2. From the pot culture, the poison effects on the rice plaut due to the application of calcium cyanamide and pure cyanamide crystal were the same. Where, in sand culture pots, the decomposition of cyanamide was somewhat difficult, the rice plants were injured more seriously.
3. From the results of the field experimeut showed that under the Taipeh condition and similar soil type, the safty of using calcium cyanamide should be applied as ground fertilizer 6 days before the transplantatim of the rice plant
(Bulletin No.12) An Investigation On The Customary Rates Of Fertilizers And Manures On The Various Crops In Taiwan
No full text(6(1):19-39)AN EXPERIMENT ON THE OPTIMUM FERTILIZER RATIO FOR WINTER WHEAT
No full text本試驗係于民國40年起分別在臺北、臺中、臺南與臺東四地舉行，至民國42年完成。茲將三年來試驗成績總結於後。
1. 肥料處理對于小麥生育狀況的影響：氮與鉀的施用可以促進小麥植株高度的增加，但前者以臺北地區為例外，後者以臺東為例外。燐對于植株高度的效應除臺北外，其他地區均不明顯。氮與燐的施用對于小麥穗重的效應不顯明，而鉀肥則反之。此外臺北地區之小麥穗重每因施用燐肥而增加。氮的施用除臺北外均可促進穗長的增長，燐與鉀則不明顯。
2. 肥料處理對于小麥收量的影響：若以無氮區、無燐區與無鉀區之小麥產量作為100，與各該施用區比較時，各地最高的增產百分比為：
N 臺北10%，臺中60%，臺南27%，臺東16%。
P2O5 臺北58%，臺中4%，臺南20%，臺東11%。
K2O 臺北46%，臺中27%，臺南13%，臺東14%。
兩要素間連應的影響：在臺北地區氮與磷或氮與鉀均為負連應，僅磷與鉀為正連應。其他三地區所有之連應均為正號，其中尤以臺中最為顯明。由此顯示栽植小麥時之要素適量比的重要以及臺北地區氮肥施用法必須加強研究。
3. 小麥三要素適量比的決定：就本試驗結果推測各地小麥三要素適量比與其經濟的施肥適量比如下：
In the past years, experiments were mostly made on the fertilizer requirment of paddy rice and sugarcane. Few data are available for those other than these two crops. Recently, owing to the increasing cultivation of winter wheat by local farmers, a recommandation concerning the rational rate of application of fertilizer for this crop is urgently in need. The purpose of this experiment is to ascertain the optimum fertilizer ratio for winter wheat in different districts of this province.
This experiment has been conducted in the following localities, Taipei, Taichung, Tainan, and Taitung, in the past three years since 1951. Its results may be summarized as follows:
1. Effect of fertilizer treatments on the growing status of winter wheat;
It has been found that application of nitrogen has a favorable effect on the hight of wheat plant and length of ear except in Taipei district. Application of potash will cause an increase in height of plant and weight of ear. However, the response of potash to the height of plant is not so obvious in Taitung district. Application of phosphorus has striking effect on the height of plant and weight of ear in Taipei district, but it does not occur in other three localities.
2. Effect of fertilizer treatments on the yield of wheat;
The maximum yield increased due to the application of N, P2O5, K2O has been computed as following table, provided that the yield of wheat in the plot of no nitrogen, no phosphorus and no potash as 100, respectively.
Generally speaking, the effect of interaction between two elements, namely, nitrogen and phosphorus, nitrogen and potash, and phosphorus and potash has a positive effect on the yield of wheat throughout this experiment except in the district of Taipei where the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus, or nitrogen and patash showes a negative effect. It emphasizes the importance of rational combination of the three essential elements for raising wheat and the necessity of reconsideration of the method for applying nitrogenous fertilizer in Taipei district.
3. A recommandation concerning the optimum fertilizer ratio for wheat;
According to this experimental data, a recommandation concerning the optimum fertilizer ratio for winter wheat in different localities of this province has been suggested as follows;
4. Based on the farmer’s profitable view point, a suggestion concerning the economical fertilizer ratio for wheat has also been submitted
(6(3):23-39)A STUDY ON THE RELATIVE AVAILABILITY OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE, AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE, AND UREA TO RICE
No full text本試驗之目的，在求明瞭硫酸鎖、氯化銨、硝酸銨鈣及尿素對水稻之肥效，比較四種肥料對水稽之肥效孰優孰劣。
本試驗本年（1954年）第一、二期作係就羅東、臺北、新竹、苗栗、臺中、員林、嘉義、臺南、（朴子及鹽水）、鳳山及屏東等十個土壤具有代表性地方舉行。本年為第三年試驗。
供試驗用之每種肥料各分四個施量平準，施氣量為0,40,80,120公斤/公頃，其中臺北、新竹及臺中採用裂區試驗設計，共十六處理，四重複。其餘七處採用隨機區組設計，共十三處理（氮0公斤/公頃只有一處理），四重複。
試驗結果以變量分析法測定差異之顯著性。
由分析結果，可得下列結論：
1. 肥料施量間之效應，不論在谷與藁方面所表現者皆甚顯著。第一期作施氮量自0公斤/公頃遞增至120公斤/公頃，在谷與藁方面之產率亦依次顯著增加。但在第二期作，其施氮量在120公斤/公頃與80公斤/公頃兩者間之產量不甚明顯。
2. 每公斤氮素所能增產之谷產量，依據氮素施量、期作、肥料種類及試驗地點不同而有差別。就施氮量在80公斤/公頃者討論時，第一期作硫酸銨可能增產谷15.5公斤、藁20.7公斤，氯化銨可增產谷14.7公斤、藁19.1公斤，尿素可增產谷13.4公斤、藁17.8公斤，硝酸銨鈣可增產谷9.7公斤、藁10.4公斤。於同一情形下，在第二期作硫酸銨可增產谷6.9公斤、藁12.5公斤，氯化銨可增產谷6.4公斤、藁12.3公斤，尿素可增產谷5.2公斤、藁8.7公斤，硝酸銨鈣可增產谷2.3公斤、藁4.4公斤。兩期作間每公斤氮素所能增產谷與藁量互相比較時，第一期作皆優於第二期，而第二期作各種肥料每公斤氣素所能增產谷與真量只有第一期作之一半弱而已。
3. 就四種肥料間之效應而言，硫酸銨與氯化銨兩者間之效應相差無幾，而硫酸銨及氯化銨兩者告優於尿素，此三種肥料皆優於硝酸銨鈣。
4. 各種肥料間相對的優劣程度，依施量、期作及地點等不同而各有差別。以施氮量80公斤/公頃時，硫酸銨之增產率為100，在谷方面表現者，氯化銨、尿素、硝酸銨鈣之增產率在第一期作依次為98，96，88，在第二期作依次為96，96，87。在藁方面表現者，在第一、二期作依次為98This experiment was carried out in order to compare the availability of Ammonium Sulphate, Ammonium Chloride, Calcium Nitrate and Urea on the yield of rice.
The experiment was carried out for two crops in 1954 in ten localities, namely, Lotung, Taipei, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Yuanlin, Chayi, Tainan, (Pohtz and Siensuei), Fengshan and Pingtung. The amounts of nitrogen were divided in four levels, namely, 0, 40, 80, 120 kg/ha. Fertilizers and quantities were combined to make 16 treatments which include 4 assumed treatments, then the actual treatments were 13. In Taipei, Hsinchu and Taichung Spilit plot design was adopted and randamized block design in others. Each treatment was four replicated. The results according to statistical analysis may be concluded as follows:
1. The effect of the quantity of fertilizer is significant both in grain and straw. In the first crop, the yield was increased with the amount of fertilizer. In the second crop however, the difference between the two treatment of 80 kg/ha and 120 kg/ha is not so significant.
2. The increased amount of yield per kilogram of nitrogen is greatly affected by the ammount of fertilizer, the kind of fertilizer and locality. The increased amounts per kilogram of nitrogen at the level of 80 kg/ha are as follows;
In general the yields in first crop are higher than those of second crop. The increased amounts of yield per kilogram of nitrogen in the second crop are about half as much as those in first crop or even less.
3. As for the fertilizers, no significant difference exists between Ammonium Sulphate and Ammonium Chloride, but either of them gives a better effect than Urea. Among these four kinds of fertilizers Calcium Ammonium Nitrate is inferior than any other.
4. The relative availability of the fertilizer is affected by the amount of fertilizer, crop, and locality. Taking the yield of Ammonium Sulphate at the level of 80 kg/ha as 100, the yields of other three fertilizers are as follows:
，95，84及97，94，82
(Bulletin No.3)A Survey On The Taiwan Main Irrigating Rivers And Their Currents And Qualties Of Water
No full text1 本省河流，因受地形之限制，河短流急，流水量一般均甚少，而不同時期水量之變化則甚大，故引水灌溉，頗感困難。
2 本省河水之水質，一般尚稱良好，惟白水溪與二層行溪含鈉鹽較高，故引此二溪灌溉之士壤，宜施予適量之石灰。
This survey was carried out by Japanese experts from 1914 to 1923, during the Japan ese occupied period. There were more than twenty rivers having been surveyed and their currents and chemical qualities of water analyzed. Though the data presented in this report were some comparatively old, they seemed still having their values for the reference of the agriculturists and engeeners
(10(3):6-15)AN EXPERIMENT ON THE N-P-K REQUIREMENT OF RAMIE
No full text為深討苧麻三耍素施用適量，於民國43年開始在臺北、臺南兩地辦理試驗，其設計包括各要素施用不同量之處理共17，重覆4次，經統計分析結果氮施用量之增加達到顯著平準，由本試驗之成績可以推測苧麻之三要素施用量為每公頃氮90，磷30，鉀75公斤/公頃。
This experiment was conducted from 1954-4958 in Taipei and. Tainan in order to get information about the N-P-K requirement for ramie. It has 16 fertilizer treatments with four replication. Accerding to statisical analysis, the effect of nitrogen was very significent, the ramie yield in the plot at medium level of N-P-K varied from 300 to 1,000 kg/ha, from which we suppose that some other facters might have effected the crop yield. Certain difficulties here encountered in this experiment. From this ex
periment we propose for the optimum N-P-K ratio the following 90-30-75 kg/ha
(6(2):1-14)A REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENT OF OPTIMUM N-P-K FERTILIZER RATIO FOR SWEET-POTATO
No full text本試驗係于民國四十年起至民國四十二年止，分別就全省選定八處舉行。三年之試驗成績結果如下：
(1) 肥料處理對辦甘藷莖葉及塊根之影響
氯之施用對甘藷莖葉之增收率最顯著，在坐標上產量對施肥量幾乎成為直線型，並不因過多肥料之施用而降下。對塊根之產量則有一較低的限度。雖依地方而異，一般在60公斤/公頃時可得最高收量，其對無氮區之增產率為20~30%。因此過多氮之施用僅有甘藷蔓之繁茂而對塊根之增產無補於事。燐之施用對甘藷莖葉之收量影響最少。對塊根之收量則除臺北、臺中、臺南、高雄四地區在50公斤施用量時對無燐區之增收率有10至20%外，其他地區均不顯著。鉀之施用對於甘藷藷葉之增收亦無顯著之效果。對於塊根之收量則平均在170公斤/公頃的施用量時有20至30%之增收率。故充分使用鉀肥以提高產量可認為非常重要。
(2) 甘藷三要素適量
由本試驗測出各地欲得最高收量時之三要素施用量如下：
(3) 甘藷之慣行施肥量
就農家慣行施肥量調查所得施肥量分別就各地區計算其要素量如下：
農家慣用肥料中以有機質遲效性肥料為大宗，各種肥料作物利用率不相同，故實際施肥量又須考慮各種肥料之作物利用率而定，一般言之，農家對甘藷之施肥，氮與燐可酌量減少而須增多鉀之用量。
(4) 經濟的施肥量
經濟的施肥量亦經決定，在目前可獲得最高利潤之肥料施用量如下表：
Optimum fertilizer application rate is a basic knowledge on fertilizing technics. Since 1950, Society of soil scientists and fertilizer technologists of Taiwan designed a 5 years plan to determine those values of ten main crops in this province. The foregoing report on rice and wheat has been made to meet the neccessity on this field. Experiments on sweet-potato is designed accordingly to those crops. Five levels in each elements, namely, N from 0 to 120 kg/ha, P2O5 from 0 to 100 kg/ha and K2O from 0 to 200 kg/ha were combined to make 16 treatments and were placed on 8 localities where we expected to he representative on this crop area. Feild experiments were commenced from 1951 and ended in 1954. Those successive three years results were analysed and discussed in the same way as those previous reports. The brief summary on this experimental results may be concluded as follows:
1. Effect of fertilizer treatments on the yield of sweet-potato
The yields of vein are increased proportionally to that amount of N applied. On the reactangular coordinates, it is showed to be an straight line. In other hand, however, the yield of tuberous roots were limited mostly at the rate of 60 kg/ha of N applied. It was regarded that the heavy application of N merely causes the excessive thrives of veins and have less effect on the yield of roots. Application of phosphoric acid have least effect to both yields of veins and roots, whereas Taipei, Tainan, Taichung, Kaohsiung localities were exceptionally having the increments of roots about 10 to 20% to that none phosphoric acid applied. Application of potash also shows less effect on the yield of vein, however, the yield of roots were increased positively and significantly in every localities. The highest increments to that none potash treatments were averaged about 20 to 30%. It was believed that potash is the most advantagous element on the growth of sweet-potato.
2. Optimum fertilizer ratio for sweet-potato
According to this experimental data recommandation concerning the optimum N-P-K fertilizer ratio for sweet-potato in different localities of this province has been suggested as follows:
3. Comparision with the customary application rate
Customary application rate of fertilizer and manure in the experimental area were also investigated and calculated in terms of N, P2O5 and K2O kg/ha. It results are as following table:
In comparision of Table I with Table II suggest that the customary application rates are not proper enough hitherto. In order to bring the advantagous production of sweet-potato the application of N and P2O5 should be reduced to some extent and to increase application of K2O fertilizer according to its optimum quantities obtained in this study.
4. Economical fertilizer ratio
Based on the farmers profitable view point, a suggestion concerning the economical fertilizer ratio for sweet-potato are also submitted
(10(4):20-36)A REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENT OF OPTIMUM N-P-K FERTILIZER RATIO FOR PEANUT
No full text本試驗於民國四十三年起至民國四十七年為止，分別在全省七處舉行，三~五年間之試驗成績結果如下：
(1）肥料處理對於落花生莢果產量之影響。
氮肥對落花生莢果產量之效應，不甚明顯，僅臺東乙地依施氮量之增加而達23~30%之增收外，其餘各地均未達10%之增收。就磷肥之影響而言，除嘉義、臺南、臺東三地有5%左右增收外，其他各地則均無效應。就鉀肥之影響而言，其效應可謂不顯著，全省七個試驗地乎均增收達10%內外，但各變量區之收量變異較大，似乎難以判別其效應。
This experiment was conducted in 1954-1958 in seven localities in Taiwan. The results were as follows.
1. Effect of fertilizer to the peanut yield.
No significant effect was found from the nitrogen fertilization except in Taitung where 20-30% increament was obtained from nitrogen. In other localities, however, the increament was less then 10%. Phosphorous also gave no significant effect except in Chyai. Tainan, Taitung where about 6% increament was obtained from phos-phorous. Potash gave an increament about 10%in general, but fail to reach the signi-ficant level according to statistical analysis
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