32,415 research outputs found
Letter from Lorne W. Bell to Bishop James Chamberlain Baker, May 31, 1943
No full textTyped correspondence from Lorne W. Bell, Chief Community Services Division, to Bishop James Chamberlain Baker discussing the reasoning for Rev. Mr. Goto leave from the Center.The Bishop James Chamberlain Baker Collection includes letters, documents, and articles about Japanese Americans during World War II. Subjects in the collection include Japanese Americans mass removal, Pearl Harbor and the aftermath, religion, and support from the non-Japanese American community. The collection was digitized and made accessible online by CSUDH Gerth Archives and Special Collections
Hypnotized by images of the past: dynamic interpretation and the flawed majoritarianism of statutory law
No full textThis paper assesses William N. Eskridge, Jr.'s dynamic statutory interpretation approach from the perspective of concerns about non-majoritarian decision-making. In particular, scholars have long expressed concern about the counter-majoritarian difficulty, i.e., non-elected judges invalidating statutes adopted by popularly elected legislatures, inherent in judicial review of statutes for constitutional infirmity. Dynamic statutory interpretation urges courts to abandon their role as "faithful agents" of enacting legislatures, arguing that courts should not merely discern and give effect to the intent of the legislatures, but also interpret statutes in light of changes in societal values that post-date the statute's enactment. Thus Eskridge's dynamic interpretation approach has been criticized as non-majoritarian. The paper notes that while courts are indeed not majoritarian, statutes are often not majoritarian either. First, they may be non-majoritarian because the text of the statute may encompass circumstances that legislators did not envision, or at least did not contemplate. The text of a statute may require a certain result in such circumstances, but that result is not attributable to any conscious decision by a legislative majority. Second, statutes may become non-majoritarian because of their longevity, particularly given the supermajority requirements for legislative action (including action to amend extant statutes) and the temporal constraints on legislative agendas. Thus, statutes may continue in effect after their supporting majorities disappear, or statutes, and the policies underlying them, may gain greater acceptance over time such that the intent of the enacting legislature may become anachronistic and unrepresentative of current majorities. Thus, the paper suggests that even if courts should act as "faithful agents" of the legislature when interpreting statutes, they must still determine to which of the various legislatures that exist over time they owe their allegiance. I suggest that enacting legislature's act of reducing a statute to writing does not entitle the enacting legislature to greater judicial fealty than later-in-time legislatures.
The paper suggests that at least two conventional interpretive techniques make statutory interpretation somewhat dynamic, but at the same time reflect a "faithful agent" theory of interpretation. In particular, while legislatures may leave particular statues, or particular provisions within statutes, unchanged for a long period of time (thus creating the possibility that the statutes have become non-majoritarian), legislatures nevertheless will likely have enacted or modified other statutes during that period of inactivity. Thus, certain techniques for resolving statutory conflicts between older and newer statutes, and the "extending statutes" technique of viewing statutes as creating common-law principles that may be used in construing older statutes, allows courts that adhere to the "faithful agent" theory of interpretation to introduce an element of dynamic statutory interpretation into their construction of statutes.Peer reviewe
Wiretapping's fruits, the first amendment, and the paradigms of privacy
No full textThis paper explores the legal system’s treatment of privacy along five dimensions. The dimensions focus on: (1) physical location, (2) the means of communication, (3) the means of intrusion, (4) subject matter, and (5) confidential relationships. The paper illustrates how reliance on some, but not others, in particular contexts serves to determine the results courts reach or statutes ordain. The papers shows the U.S. Supreme Court has systematically favored particular paradigms in ways that often make privacy protections porous. The paper then discusses the dimensions of privacy in the context of Bartnicki v. Vopper, 532 U.S. 514 (2001), a U.S. Supreme Court case regarding liability for publishing material obtained from a private citizen who wiretapped a conversation in violation of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act
Letter from A. P. Bell to W. T. Johnson
No full textLetter from A. P. Bell to W. T. Johnson, concerning a luncheon meeting with special guest Norman K. Hoover of Pennsylvania State University
Bernard W. Bell Collection
No full textDr. Bernard William Bell is an emeritus research professor at The Pennsylvania State University and an internationally known scholar of American and African American literature, language, and culture. Throughout his forty-year career in academia, Dr. Bell’s contributions to African American scholarship included serving as a co-founder and acting head of one of the nation’s first African American Studies programs, authoring and editing nine books and more than seventy articles and reviews, and teaching and lecturing in eight countries.
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A stronger Bell argument for quantum non-locality
No full textIt is widely accepted that the violation of Bell inequalities excludes local theories of the quantum realm. In this paper I present a stronger Bell argument which even forbids certain non-local theories. The remaining non-local theories, which can violate Bell inequalities, are characterised by the fact that at least one of the outcomes in some sense probabilistically depends both on its distant as well as on its local parameter. While this is not to say that parameter dependence in the usual sense necessarily holds, it shows that the received analysis of quantum non-locality as “outcome dependence or parameter dependence” is deeply misleading about what the violation of Bell inequalities implies
Mrs. J. K. Wilkes\u27 Bell Collection
No full textMrs. J. K. Wilkes displays a part of her bell collection. She holds one sent by her son, W. Jack Wilkes, from Manila. Published in the Fort Worth Star-Telegram evening edition, January 23, 1950.https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/specialcollections_startelegram1950s/1553/thumbnail.jp
Material selection for knife to cutting bell pepper. Tribocorrosion research
No full textW artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań w zakresie doboru materiału na elementy do cięcia papryki. Jako kryterium doboru przyjęto minimalizację zużycia w warunkach jednoczesnych oddziaływań tarciowych i korozyjnych (tribokorozja). Badania wykonano na specjalistycznym stanowisku z węzłem modelowym typu pin-on-plate. Analizowano wpływ twardości stali martenzytycznej na intensywność ubytku materiału. Wyniki badań wykorzystano przy konstrukcji urządzenia do wydrążania papryki.In this paper, the results of research into material selection for knives cutting bell pepper are presented. The main criterion of selection was minimum wear rate in conditions of simultaneous abrasion and corrosion (tribocorrosion). The research was carried out on the special pin-on-plate stand. Basically, the influence of martensitic steel hardness on loss of material was tested. The results of research was used to design device to cut bell peppers
Bell Correlations in Quantum Field Theory
No full textBell correlations are the hallmark of quantum non-locality, and a rich context for analysing them is provided by the algebraic approach to quantum field theory (AQFT): the basic idea is to associate with each bounded region O of Minkowski spacetime an algebra A(O) of operators, of which a self-adjoint element P ∈ A(O) represents a physical quantity pertaining to that part of the field system lying in O, that is measurable by a procedure confined to O. The violation of Bell inequalities in AQFT is known to be "generic", as regards the choices of regions O, and of quantities P, and of states. Furthermore, they are typically "maximal" and "indestructible" in a sense that can be made mathematically precise. The prospects for “peaceful coexistence” between quantum non-locality and relativity theory’s requirement of no action-at-a-distance are also explored. The purpose of this Essay is to review the developments in these areas
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