766 research outputs found
Zeolite-based catalysts development for upgrading of bio-oils derived from fast pyrolysis of biomass
No full text弘前大学博士（理学）Catalytic upgrading of bio-oils derived from terrestrial and marine biomass over various types of zeolites
Author(s)：Virdi Chaerusani,Aghietyas Choirun Az Zahra,Aisikaer Anniwaer,Pan Zhang,Nichaboon Chaihad,Jenny Rizkiana,Katsuki Kusakabe,Yutaka Kasai,Abuliti Abudula,Guoqing Guan
Publication：Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis (Volume 168, November 2022, 105735)
Publisher：Elsevier
DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2022.105735
© 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Negotiating Normalcy: Deafness Cures in American History
No full textJaipreet Virdi, PhD, presented the 14th annual Richard B. Davis, MD, PhD, History of Medicine Lecture on April 14, 2023.
During the late 19th century, entrepreneurs began to glut the direct-to-consumer medical market with a plethora of remedies they professed could miraculously cure deafness. They claimed their medicines and machines fostered a world of unbridled optimism for providing hope to deaf ears. Even as medical specialists denounced these cure-all treatments as quackery in its finest form, the messages of restoring hearing would transfer over to the hearing aid industry.
Focusing on the marketing of cures for deafness — hearing trumpets, electrotherapy apparatuses and hearing aids — this presentation unravels the many ways deaf people sought to restore or gain hearing. This history provides a broad context for understanding the lived experiences of deaf people and how cultural pressures of normalcy significantly stigmatized deafness.
Dr. Virdi is an assistant professor in the Department of History at the University of Delaware. A historian of medicine, technology and disability, she has focused her research on the ways medicine and technology impact people with disability. She is author of “Hearing Happiness: Deafness Cures in History” (University of Chicago Press, 2020), is co-editor of “Disability and the Victorians: Attitudes, Legacies, Interventions” (Manchester University Press, 2020) and has published articles on diagnostic technologies, audiometry and the medicalization of deafness.https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/davis/1002/thumbnail.jp
Three-dimensional analysis of steel frames and subframes in fire.
No full textThe aim of the present work is to develop a sophisticated analytical model for
columns within three-dimensional assemblies in fire conditions.
A preliminary investigation into this problem resulted in the development of a simplified approach for the analysis of isolated columns in fire. This model is based
on the Perry-Robertson approach to defining critical loads of imperfect columns
at ambient temperature. It takes into account uniform and gradient temperature
distributions across the section of an isolated pin-ended column. It also accounts
for initial out-of-straightness, load eccentricity and equal end-moments.
A three-dimensional finite element model has subsequently been developed for
the analysis of frames in fire conditions. This model is based on a beam finite
element with a single node at each end of the element. At each node eight degrees of freedom are introduced. The finite element solution of the problem is
obtained using an incremental iterative procedure based on the Newton-Raphson
method, adapted to account for elevated temperature effects. The developed procedure offers a unique treatment of the thermal effects which allows solutions to
be arrived at regardless of the problem's boundary conditions. The finite element
formulation takes into consideration geometrical and material nonlinearities, initial
out-of-straightness and residual stresses. It allows for virtually any temperature
distribution across and along the structural members, and the analysis can handle
any three-dimensional skeletal steel structure. The developed model allows the
material mechanical properties to be expressed either as trilinear or continuous
functions which vary with temperature.
A computer program, 3DFIRE, has been developed based on the above-mentioned
formulation and validated extensively against a wide range of previous analytical
and experimental work. This program has then been used to perform parametric studies to establish the most prominent features of column behaviour in fire
whether as isolated members or as part of structural assemblies. These studies
have yielded a large amount of data from which generalised conclusions have been
made.
The analysis has been extended recently to include composite beams within the
structural assembly. This development was undertaken to enable analytical studies
on the test building at Cardington, in which fire tests are planned to take place in
the near future
Microorganism diversity: Strategy and action plan
No full textBhavdish N. Johri*, B. N. Ganguly, S. K. Goel, J. S. Virdi, A. K. Tripathi, R. K. Jain, D. N. Kamra and Ashish Bhatnagar Department of Microbiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, India Agharkar Research Institute, Agharkar Road, Pune 411 004, India Pocket B-3, Flat No. 13-A, Keshavpuram, New Delhi 110 035, India Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160 036, India Division of Animal Sciences, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India Department of Microbiology, MDS University, Ajmer 305 009, Indi
Concept of Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition on a Single Cylinder Automotive Engine
No full textThe cost of conventional fuels is increasing day by day. To overcome this, alternative fuels are getting
more and more attention with additional benefits of exhaust emission reduction and in delaying faster
depletion of crude oil reserves.
Because of better fuel economy of Compression Ignition (CI) engines, users have been preferring
these not only for off road vehicles but recently even for on highway passenger vehicles. An important
feature of CI engine is that it can tolerate wide variety of fuels and this includes both liquid and
gaseous fuels. Continuous research is going on in technologies like hybrid, biofuel vehicle, etc. to
make them able to produce greater power than conventional diesel engine. Also, now a days for
transportation, users are relying more on natural gas due to its lower price and not only it has cut
running cost but has also made people less dependable on premium liquid petroleum products like
Ultra low Sulphur Diesel.
To retain fuel economy benefits of CI engine and tailpipe emission of gaseous fuel spark ignition
engine, one of the available options is the dual fuel technology, also now a days known as Reactivity
Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) technique. This technique has an advantage that the dual
fuel engines need very less modifications to convert it from diesel engine and by this technology one
can vary the reactivity inside the combustion chamber by varying the quantity of fuels of entirely
different reactivity. Here high reactive fuel is used only for making the flame propagate throughout
the low reactive air fuel mixture in combustion chamber at constant rate. In most of the cases,
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is used as a low reactive fuel and diesel or B20 fuel as a high reactive
fuel. Fuels like ethanol and petrol can also be used as a low reactive fuel but CNG being in gaseous
form requires less modification to use it as a low reactive fuel.
CNG can be mixed with air through port injection or direct injection. Subsequently, the amount of
diesel injected inside cylinder is decreased in proportion of injected gaseous fuel. Amount of CNG
that can be mixed is entirely limited by exhaust emissions of HC, CO and knocking produced inside
the cylinder. According to the literature survey done, the maximum diesel substitution is 70%.
For this project 650 cc diesel, water cooled engine is taken as baseline engine with rated power of
10.8 kW @ 3200 rpm and maximum torque of 38 Nm @1600 rpm with compression ratio of 19.2:1
having re-entrant type piston bowl. By analysing the design and packaging of current engine, it is
required to modify intake manifold for CNG port injector and Temperature Manifold Absolute
Pressure (TMAP) sensor mounting, and finally modify the piston bowl volume and shape for lower
compression ratio in the range of 15 to 17:1 for better air utilisation.
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GT-Power software of Gamma Technology is used for one dimensional simulation of baseline and
modified engine performance. This simulation predicts the peak cylinder pressure achieved during
combustion, performance and emission. Initially separate models of baseline engine with Diesel and
CNG as single fuel are made in the software. Then this model is converted to RCCI to study the effect
on performance and emission by varying percentage of fuels. Then the results are verified with help
of engine steady state performance tes
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