865 research outputs found
Registered Replication Report : Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988)
No full textAccording to the facial feedback hypothesis, people’s affective responses can be influenced by their own facial expression (e.g., smiling, pouting), even when their expression did not result from their emotional experiences. For example, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) instructed participants to rate the funniness of cartoons using a pen that they held in their mouth. In line with the facial feedback hypothesis, when participants held the pen with their teeth (inducing a “smile”), they rated the cartoons as funnier than when they held the pen with their lips (inducing a “pout”). This seminal study of the facial feedback hypothesis has not been replicated directly. This Registered Replication Report describes the results of 17 independent direct replications of Study 1 from Strack et al. (1988), all of which followed the same vetted protocol. A meta-analysis of these studies examined the difference in funniness ratings between the “smile” and “pout” conditions. The original Strack et al. (1988) study reported a rating difference of 0.82 units on a 10-point Likert scale. Our meta-analysis revealed a rating difference of 0.03 units with a 95% confidence interval ranging from −0.11 to 0.16
Review of John K. Papadopoulos, Evelyn Lord Smithson (Edd.): The Early Iron Age. The Cemeteries. With Contributions by Maria A. Liston, Deborah Ruscillo, Sara Strack, and Eirini Dimitriadou.
No full textReview of John K. Papadopoulos, Evelyn Lord Smithson (Edd.): The Early Iron Age. The Cemeteries. With Contributions by Maria A. Liston, Deborah Ruscillo, Sara Strack, and Eirini Dimitriadou
Metaphor from the ground up: understanding figurative language in context/ Daniel C. Strack.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.Cross-referencing neurobiological knowledge with the invariance hypothesis, relevance theory, and frame semantics, Metaphor from the Ground Up: Understanding Figurative Language in Context unifies metaphor theory, fundamentally rethinks "context," and moves linguistics into the twenty-first century.Introduction: Metaphor theory at an impasse -- 1. Metaphor grounded in sense perception -- 2. Metonymic binding and conceptualization -- 3. The challenge of feature attribution -- 4. Conceptual filtering -- 5. Context and goal orientation -- 6. Metonymic cues and narrative framing -- 7. Metaphor productivity and dual-mode instantiation -- Conclusion: invariance and beyond -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the author.1 online resource (viii, 187 pages
The influence of the bonding style of psychotherapists on the treatment result in stationary psychotherapy - First results of the Gottingen therapist study
No full textThe influence of the bonding style of psychotherapists on the treatment result in stationary psychotherapy - First results of the Gottingen therapist study
No full textFacetten des Nicht-Identischen im literarischen Schreiben während der Adoleszenz und darüber hinaus: Reflexionen über Bildung, Geschlecht, Begehren und Selbstzerstörung
No full textBabenhauserheide M. Facetten des Nicht-Identischen im literarischen Schreiben während der Adoleszenz und darüber hinaus: Reflexionen über Bildung, Geschlecht, Begehren und Selbstzerstörung. In: Strack K, Mevers S, Sackbrook S, Hoffmann P, Özmen Y, eds. Identität gestalten – Identität leben: Leerstelle Diversität. 1st ed. Paderborn: Lektora; 2021: 26-48
Analytic Solutions of Elastic Tunneling Problems
No full textThe complex variable method for solving two dimensional linearly elastic problems is used to obtain several fundamental analytical solutions of tunneling problems. The method is used to derive the general mathematical representation of problems involving resultant forces on holes in a half-plane. Such problems are encountered in geomechanics during the excavation of tunnels. When tunnels are excavated the removal of the weighted material inside the tunnel causes the ground under the tunnel to rebound. This in turn causes a resultant force, referred to here as the buoyancy force, to act on the tunnel until the stresses return to a state of equilibrium. The mathematical representation derived in this thesis shows that the displacements will usually be unbounded at infinity in solutions of two-dimensional problems involving resultant forces acting on holes in a half-plane. A general solution is derived for a single, circular tunnel in an elastic halfplane that includes a buoyancy force. The boundary conditions in this solution are that the surface of the half-plane is stress-free and that the displacements are specified along the tunnel boundary. This general solution is used in the rest of the thesis as the framework for considering three fundamental tunneling problems: the problem of a rigid, buoyant tunnel, the ground loss problem, and the ovalization problem. The three fundamental solutions are combined to illustrate their possible use as tools for the prediction of settlement troughs. The inclusion of buoyancy effects in the solution is shown to have a possibly considerable narrowing effect on settlement troughs. Neglect of the buoyancy effect might well be a reason why settlement troughs calculated in theory are often wider than those measured in practice.Civil Engineering and Geoscience
The Power of Suggestion: Inertia in 401(k) Participation and Savings Behavior
No full textIn this paper, we analyze the 401(k) savings behavior of employees in a large U.S. corporation before and after an interesting change in the company 401(k) plan. Before the plan change, employees were required to affirmatively elect participation in the 401(k) plan. After the plan change, employees were automatically and immediately enrolled in the 401(k) plan unless they made a negative election to opt out of the plan. Although none of the economic features of the plan changed, this switch to automatic enrollment dramatically changed the savings behavior of employees. We have two key findings. First, 401(k) participation is significantly higher under automatic enrollment. Second, the default contribution rate and investment allocation chosen by the company under automatic enrollment has a strong influence on the savings behavior of 401(k) participants. A substantial fraction of 401(k) participants hired under automatic enrollment exhibit what we call default' behavior--sticking to both the default contribution rate and the default fund allocation even though very few employees hired before automatic enrollment picked this particular outcome. This default' behavior appears to result both from participant inertia and from many employees taking the default as investment advice on the part of the company. Overall, these results are consistent with the notion that large changes in savings behavior can be motivated simply by the power of suggestion.' These findings have important implications for the optimal design of 401(k) savings plans as well as for any type of Social Security reform that includes personal accounts over which individuals have some amount of control. They also shed light more generally on the importance of both economic and non-economic factors in the determination of individual savings behavior.
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