3,884 research outputs found
The phylogenetic position of Lepidopygopsis typus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a monotypic freshwater fish endemic to the Western Ghats of India
No full textDahanukar, Neelesh, Philip, Siby, Krishnakumar, K., Ali, Anvar, Raghavan, Rajeev (2013): The phylogenetic position of Lepidopygopsis typus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a monotypic freshwater fish endemic to the Western Ghats of India. Zootaxa 3700 (1): 113-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3700.1.
Aenigmachanna Britz & Anoop & Dahanukar & Raghavan 2019, new genus
No full textAenigmachanna, new genus Type species: Aenigmachanna gollum Diagnosis. Distinguished from Channa and Parachanna by the following characters, which are unique among channids: a very slender (maximum body depth only 11.1–11.3% SL), eel-like body (head length only 20.8–21.6% SL), large mouth (jaw length 60.4–61.1 % HL), 43–44 anal-fin rays, absence of a body lateral line with pored scales, 83–85 scales in a lateral series, colour pattern and absence of buoyancy. It is further distinguished from other channids by the following combination of characters: 64 vertebrae, 56–57 dorsal-fin rays, and the absence of pelvic fins. Etymology. Derived from the Latin word aenigma, enigma, and Channa, the genus name of Asian snakeheads. Gender feminine.Published as part of Britz, Ralf, Anoop, V. K., Dahanukar, Neelesh & Raghavan, Rajeev, 2019, The subterranean Aenigmachanna gollum, a new genus and species of snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from Kerala, South India, pp. 377-388 in Zootaxa 4603 (2) on page 378, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/268232
Open Source GIS GRASS for developing spatial data infrastructure - Present status and future potential
No full textThis article outlines the salient features and current state of development of the Open Source GIS GRASS. We discuss the concepts and issues related to the development of GRASS that represents the only full fledged, multi-platform GIS available as OSS. Further, we highlight the potential of GRASS GIS in developing spatial data infrastructure and put forth a proposal for establishing a GRASS Consortium to support, nurture and accelerate furher development
The "Buffering" Role of High-k in Post Breakdown Degradation Immunity of Advanced Dual Layer Dielectric Gate Stacks
No full textPost breakdown (BD) reliability is an important area of study in ultra-thin gate dielectrics as it has significant implications on the performance degradation, lifetime, reliability margin and power dissipation of advanced sub-22 nm transistors and circuits. A prolonged phase of post-BD can ensure we can live with the circuit with moderate performance and error-free operation, even if the soft breakdown (SBD) events occur early. While analysis of post-BD is simple and straightforward for single layer SiO2 / SiON stacks, the number of possible scenarios of post-BD increases when analyzing high-κ – interfacial layer (HK-IL) based technology. This is because the sequence of BD (whether HK or IL fails first followed by the other one) and the competition between multiple SBD in one of these layers, dilative wear-out of a single SBD spot and the possibility of a successive localized BD above / below the HK/IL BD percolation spot (with or without metal filamentation) are all possible phenomena that can be classified as post-BD. The likelihood of occurrence of these various possibilities will determine the immunity of the stack to post-BD degradation. We will investigate each of these scenarios in detail in this work in order to provide a comprehensive assessment of post-BD reliability of state-of-the-art technology. Our analysis on a HK:IL = 25:12Ǻ stack supported by electrical, physical and modeling results provides clear evidence that circuit failure at operating conditions can only be due to multiple SBD events within the IL layer and that the HK is very robust and resilient to breakdown.Post breakdown (BD) reliability is an important area of study in ultra-thin gate dielectrics as it has significant implications on the performance degradation, lifetime, reliability margin and power dissipation of advanced sub-22 nm transistors and circuits. A prolonged phase of post-BD can ensure we can live with the circuit with moderate performance and error-free operation, even if the soft breakdown (SBD) events occur early. While analysis of post-BD is simple and straightforward for single layer SiO2 / SiON stacks, the number of possible scenarios of post-BD increases when analyzing high-κ - interfacial layer (HK-IL) based technology. This is because the sequence of BD (whether HK or IL fails first followed by the other one) and the competition between multiple SBD in one of these layers, dilative wear-out of a single SBD spot and the possibility of a successive localized BD above / below the HK/IL BD percolation spot (with or without metal filamentation) are all possible phenomena that can be classified as post-BD. The likelihood of occurrence of these various possibilities will determine the immunity of the stack to post-BD degradation. We will investigate each of these scenarios in detail in this work in order to provide a comprehensive assessment of post-BD reliability of state-of-the-art technology. Our analysis on a HK:IL = 25:12Å stack supported by electrical, physical and modeling results provides clear evidence that circuit failure at operating conditions can only be due to multiple SBD events within the IL layer and that the HK is very robust and resilient to breakdown. © 2013 IEEE
Aenigmachanna gollum Britz & Anoop & Dahanukar & Raghavan 2019, new species
No full textAenigmachanna gollum, new species Figures 1–4 Holotype. BNHS FWF 966, 90.2 mm SL, Oorakam, Malappuram, Kerala, India (11°03’52’’N and 76°01’00’’E) collected by Ajeer on 3 September 2018 from a paddy field. Paratype. BNHS FWF 967, 80.1 mm SL, same information as for holotype. Diagnosis. Same as for the genus. Description. Body cylindrical anteriorly to subcylindrical posteriorly and laterally compressed caudally, elongate, eel-like (Figs. 1,2), its length 8.8–9.0 times its depth, tapering towards tail, where body length is 22–23 times its depth. Head large, with eye situated in anterior third of head. Nasal organ large, about 1/10 head length, anterior naris at end of elongate nasal tube, posterior naris a large opening in front of eye. Mouth large (Figs. 1-3), jaw length nearly 2/3 head length. Premaxilla with several rows of strong recurved teeth, larger near symphysis and smaller and only in single row more posteriorly. Vomer with up to 10 strong conical teeth, six prominent teeth on palatine arranged in a single row. Dentary with several rows of smaller but strong and recurved teeth on patch near symphysis, but with larger caniniform teeth further posteriorly. Five large antrorse teeth on posterior patch of parasphenoid. Fifteen elongate gill rakers on external aspect of first gill arch. Five branchiostegal rays. Head lateral-line pore system with two nasal pores, seven circumorbital pores, two frontal pores, four dentary and one anguloarticular pore, four preopercular pores, one pterotic pore, two extrascapular pores, one posttemporal pore. No pored lateral line scales on body (Fig. 4). Dorsal fin long (Figs. 1,2), nearly three-quarters of standard length, originating at first quarter of body, extending to caudal peduncle, almost reaching caudal fin. Anal fin long (Figs. 1,2), more than half of standard length, originating slightly behind first half of body and in posterior extension mirroring dorsal fin by extending almost up to caudal fin. Caudal fin ovoid (Fig. 1). Pectoral fin large, its posterior margin when adpressed reaching beneath origin of eighth dorsal-fin ray (Fig. 1,2). Pelvic fin absent. Morphometric information is presented in Table 1. Large scales covering top of head, small scales on postorbital area up to opercle (Figs. 2,3). 29 (10 + 19) predorsal scales. Comparatively small scales on anterior postcranial portion of body arranged slightly irregularly, with larger regularly arranged scales from level of anterior dorsal fin base posteriorly. 83–85 scales in lateral series plus 4 scales on caudal-fin base. 13 transverse scale rows. Dorsal fin with 56–57 rays, anal fin with 43–44 rays, caudal fin with 7+7 principal caudal-fin rays and 1 dorsal and 1 ventral procurrent ray. Pectoral fin with 12 rays. Vertebrae 64. Unfortunately, due to the rarity of the material we are unable to comment further on internal features. Colouration. In life (Fig. 1), entire body from head to caudal peduncle uniformly brown dorsally and mostly brown laterally, but with ventral side of head uniformly lighter beige without melanophores; abdominal area mostly beige with scattered dark spots. Scales covering cheek and opercular region exhibiting reflective, silvery areas resulting in a marbled impression. Body at level of individual scales with characteristic colouration (Figs. 1–4): each scale in dorsal half of body with darker brown anterior crescentic area, light brown to yellowish, narrow and crescentic, elongate marking in middle of scales and dark brown posterior blotch-like marking; scales in ventral half of body with light brown to yellowish crescentic mark becoming progressively wider ventrally, in ventrolateral scales entirely replacing anterior dark crescentic area; most scales in ventral abdominal region uniform beige with few brown scales interspersed, forming scattered spots, some of which are arranged in a midventral streak from isthmus to anus. Fin membranes transparent and fin rays light brown with whitish distal tips forming narrow whitish dorsal, caudal, and anal-fin margins. In preservative, colour pattern as above, but reflective silvery area on cheek scales, light brown area on body scales, and beige scales on ventral abdominal body whitish. Distribution. Aenigmachanna gollum is so far known only from the type locality (Figs. 5,6), a paddy field, but a third specimen has been reported from a well at the Village of Peringara near Tiruvalla (9°22’33” N and 76°33’00” E), approximately 250 km south of the type locality. Etymology. Named after Gollum, a character from J. R. R. Tolkien’s books ‘The Hobbit’ and ‘The Lord of the Rings’, a creature that went underground and during its subterranean life changed its morphological features. A noun in apposition. We propose the common name Gollum snakehead for this species. Genetic analysis. Aenigmachanna showed high genetic divergence, with minimum and maximum raw genetic distances ranging from 15.8–24.2% in cox1 for the species of Channa, and with 20.4–22.2% in cox1 for species of Parachanna. Best partition scheme for the data was TNe+I+G4 for first two codon positions of cox1 (BIC = 18328.676, lnL = -8606.791, df=172) and TN+ASC+G4 for third codon position of cox1 (BIC = 18714.922, lnL = -8511.415, df=261). The maximum likelihood tree based on the best partition scheme (Fig. 7) showed a deep divergence between Aenigmachanna gollum and the clades of Parachanna and Channa within Channoidei. Additional studies are needed to place Aenigmachanna gollum with confidence into a phylogenetic framework and to decide whether it is the sister group of Parachanna, of Channa or even of Parachanna plus Channa, as in the cox1 analysis (Fig. 7).Published as part of Britz, Ralf, Anoop, V. K., Dahanukar, Neelesh & Raghavan, Rajeev, 2019, The subterranean Aenigmachanna gollum, a new genus and species of snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from Kerala, South India, pp. 377-388 in Zootaxa 4603 (2) on pages 379-382, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/268232
Need of a Digital Library for Indian Theses and Dissertations : a model on par with the ETD initiatives at International Level
No full textIn India, a strong move to digitize the internal sources of libraries in universities and other academic institutions yet to take place, which have a rich, precious and unique sources of information is hidden, even unlocked, like theses and dissertations. The idea of E- Theses and Dissertations (ETD) is coming up in International scenario, which can be easily located, readily accessible and delivered over the web. INFLIBNET as the only agency to take care the automation of academic libraries, established by UGC, has to further the existing achievements and to play a role in creating digital library of theses and dissertation to start with. In this paper the works done by INFLIBNET so far in this direction are cited with a proposal for a digital library of Indian theses and dissertations
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Controlled vocabularies as a sphere of influence
No full textThis is a preprint of a paper published in Raghavan, K.S. and Prasad, K.N. (Editors). Assisted by S.K. Lalitha. Knowledge organization, information systems and other essays: Prof. A. Neelameghan festschrift. New Delhi: Ess Ess Publications for Ranganathan Centre for Information Studies, 2006. (pages 89 â 110). Abstract: Objective: The objective of this citation study is to understand the use and influence of the concept of â controlled vocabulariesâ in Geographic Information Science (GIS) as part of a larger goal to distinguish information science from information technology. Methods: Articles with pre-selected descriptors that represented the concept of â controlled vocabulariesâ within GIS were selected from GeoRef and validated in ISI indexes. Bibliographic coupling and content analysis of the article titles were used to draw clusters and understand the influence of the concept of controlled vocabularies in other discipline such as the geosciences. Results and Conclusion: The results from this analysis provide one perspective of the LIS sub-domain of â controlled vocabulariesâ as represented in GeoRef and used in the context of GIS research and scholarship. Findings are used to suggest future research directions to address issues related to better understanding of the concept of â controlled vocabulariesâ and the provision of knowledge organization tools that will promote interdisciplinary understanding. The creation of special, more-finely grained in-depth classifications and thesauri for the concept itself, namely, â controlled vocabularyâ is recommended
Mapping the structure and development of Science using co-citation analysis
No full textCo-citation analysis is a unique method used for studying the cognitive structure of science andassessing the research productivity. It is a research tool for examining the intellectual development and structure of the scientific discipline. This paper illustrates principles, techniques and applications of co-citation analysis. It also introduces the newly emerging co-citation analysis softwares,especially SciVal Spotlight and CiteSpace. Co-citation analysis is based on grouping together the papers that are frequently cited in pairs. Combined with single-link clustering and multidimensional scaling techniques, co-citation analysis can literally map the structure of specialized research areas as well as science as a whole
Information Literacy and Emerging Knowledge Economy in India
No full textThe process of liberalization and globalization of Indian economy started in 1990s that catalyzed the emergence of knowledge economy in India. Since then many Indian corporate organizations established their presence outside the country, forming an informal India Inc. in competing globally. The information infrastructure situation in India has also improved a lot since 1990s, not only in the corporate organizations that exploit knowledge resources for the profit making, but also in the public institutions that generate knowledge for the development of all aspects of society and humanity. Judicious use of information resources, available now mainly in the public institutions, especially in the higher educational and research institutions, should be measured in terms of information literacy of the stakeholders. Information literacy is required for effective use, consumption and assessment of information resources available in the institutions. Information literacy can also bridge the gap between digital divide that we observe in many grass-root level initiatives in India in the forms of 'common services centres', 'village knowledge centres', 'community information centres', 'e-choupals', 'gyandoot', etc. ushered in with the participation of NGOs, developmental agencies and corporate organizations. Present study explores various initiatives in India that address information literacy in maximizing utilization of knowledge resources. This study also focuses on the various initiatives undertaken by different institutions, starting from the elementary level to the higher educational level, professional societies and other organizations
Bayesian Space-Time Patterns and Climatic Determinants of Bovine Anaplasmosis
No full textCitation: Hanzlicek, G. A., Raghavan, R. K., Ganta, R. R., & Anderson, G. A. (2016). Bayesian Space-Time Patterns and Climatic Determinants of Bovine Anaplasmosis. Plos One, 11(3), 13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151924The space-time pattern and environmental drivers (land cover, climate) of bovine anaplasmosis in the Midwestern state of Kansas was retrospectively evaluated using Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal models and publicly available, remotely-sensed environmental covariate information. Cases of bovine anaplasmosis positively diagnosed at Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (n = 478) between years 2005-2013 were used to construct the models, which included random effects for space, time and space-time interaction effects with defined priors, and fixed-effect covariates selected a priori using an univariate screening procedure. The Bayesian posterior median and 95% credible intervals for the space-time interaction term in the best-fitting covariate model indicated a steady progression of bovine anaplasmosis over time and geographic area in the state. Posterior median estimates and 95% credible intervals derived for covariates in the final covariate model indicated land surface temperature (minimum), relative humidity and diurnal temperature range to be important risk factors for bovine anaplasmosis in the study. The model performance measured using the Area Under the Curve (AUC) value indicated a good performance for the covariate model (>0.7). The relevance of climatological factors for bovine anaplasmosis is discussed
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