222 research outputs found
A review on the components of Prajna
No full textThe word Prajna generally refers to know, the wisdom, the intelligence, the sense of discrimination and the judgment. It can be compared with the whole process of discrimination, retention and recalling capacity of an individual. Dhee, dhriti and smriti are considered to be types of prajna. These are also termed as Prajnopastambha and are nothing but the different stages of Prajna. The buddhi which sees the objects as they are (samata darshana) is dhee. The buddhi which restrains (niyamana) is dhruti. And the buddhi which is capable of remembering is smriti. The ability of discrimination of the object perceived is attributed to the function of dhee, while the decision making at that situation is guided and regulated by dhruti. And the retrieval of fast experiences in order to perform further action depends on Smruti. Buddhi also have the same synonyms as that of Prajna viz. Dhee, Prajna, Mati etc. Thus we can assume that the Buddhi and Prajna refer to the same. While the term ‘Medha’ refers to the higher intellect and synonymous to Prajna. Modern science describes the acquisition of knowledge has following cognitive domains such as encoding, storage, and retrieval which refer to the components of prajna. The article deals with conceptual study of Prajna, its components, its comparative terms in contemporary sciences, discussion and conclusion
Optimization-Based Methods for Nonlinear and Hybrid Systems Verification
No full textComplex behaviors that can be exhibited by hybrid systems make the verification of such systems both important and challenging. Due to the infinite number of possibilities taken by the continuous state and the uncertainties in the system, exhaustive simulation is impossible, and also computing the set of reachable states is generally intractable. Nevertheless, the ever-increasing presence of hybrid systems in safety critical applications makes it evident that verification is an issue that has to be addressed.
In this thesis, we develop a unified methodology for verifying temporal properties of continuous and hybrid systems. Our framework does not require explicit computation of reachable states. Instead, functions of state termed barrier certificates and density functions are used in conjunction with deductive inference to prove properties such as safety, reachability, eventuality, and their combinations. As a consequence, the proposed methods are directly applicable to systems with nonlinearity, uncertainty, and constraints. Moreover, it is possible to treat safety verification of stochastic systems in a similar fashion, by computing an upper-bound on the probability of reaching the unsafe states.
We formulate verification using barrier certificates and density functions as convex programming problems. For systems with polynomial descriptions, sum of squares optimization can be used to construct polynomial barrier certificates and density functions in a computationally scalable manner. Some examples are presented to illustrate the use of the methods. At the end, the convexity of the problem formulation is also exploited to prove a converse theorem in safety verification using barrier certificates.</p
A Rare Case of Meningitis: Can Cellulosimicrobium cellulans Cause Meningitis in a Non-immunocompromised Person?
No full text© Copyright 2024 Narayan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Infections with Gram-positive soil-dwelling bacterium are sporadic. Rarely, do patients with indwelling medical devices or those who suffer from immunosuppression get infected by this pathogen. However, based on routine clinical and laboratory procedures, it is hard to distinguish between the meningitis caused by and that from other bacteria. Here, we report a unique case of infection in a 37-year-old immunocompetent man presenting with meningitis associated with encephalopathy and headache. He presented with severe headaches, altered sensorium, reduced sleep, photophobia, and restlessness, with a feeling of impending doom, but with no neck rigidity and fever. Trans-axial T1 and T2/FLAIR head MRI showed diffused cerebral edema, with bilateral high frontoparietal sulcal enhancement, hyperintensity along the right posterior insula-temporal region, and left parietal deep white matter. Lumbar puncture CSF examination indicated bacterial meningitis, and was identified on culture. The patient was administered intravenous ceftriaxone for seven days and dexamethasone for three days. A follow-up lumbar puncture CSF examination showed no signs of the pathogen, indicating its eradication. To our knowledge, this is the first case of causing meningitis in an otherwise healthy man with no history of indwelling medical devices or immunosuppression. This rare case of meningitis suggests that can infect healthy humans and cause meningitis
Development and Characteristic Study of a Small Rotor Eddy Current Damping System
No full text當一導電體受到一時變磁通量時，在導電體中即會產生渦電流，渦電流會產生與時變磁場磁極方向相反的磁場(二次磁場)，磁場的相互作用即產生抵抗磁場變化的力量。藉由導電體的電阻，會將渦電流以熱損耗方式釋出，如此則可以消耗掉意圖改變磁場之振動動能，而達到減振的效果。本論文的研究目的在於設計製作可靠且高性能的轉軸渦電流減振系統，使其能滿足小型轉軸在偏擺時所需要的減振功能。首先彙整參考文獻及探討轉軸渦電流減振的作用原理，並在評估許多設計參數與變異性之後，從而進行轉軸渦電流減振系統的實體設計以及組裝。本論文同時從理論模型以及有限元素模型的分析，了解各個設計參數對於渦電流減振作用的影響。接著對所完成的轉軸渦電流減振系統進行動態特性的測試，以減振力、阻泥比和減振時間常數來評比減振系統之性能表現。在提升減振系統的性能上，提出了雙環形磁石排列方式以及環形Hallbach磁石排列方式，可以提升減振效能使阻尼比2~4倍，另外對也提出渦電流限轉磁石配置方式，可以改善高轉速不穩定現象。When a conductive material is subjected to a time-varying magnetic flux, eddy-currents are generated in the conductor. These eddy-currents circulate inside the conductor generating a magnetic field of opposite polarity as the applied magnetic field. The interaction of the two magnetic fields causes a force that resists the change in magnetic flux. Due to the internal resistance of the conductive material, the eddy-currents will be dissipated into heat, consuming the kinetic energy of the vibrating element, the conductor or the magnet, which causes the time-varying magnetic flux, and thus producing a damping effect. The aim of this thesis is to develop a reliable and high performance of rotor eddy-current damping system which satisfies the damping capability needed to absorb the lateral vibration of small rotating machinery. This thesis will first investigate and analyze numerous literature surveys on working principle of rotor eddy-current damping. The thesis then advances to estimation of numerous design factors and variations of fabrication process. Theory model analysis as well as finite element analysis are being used to understand the influence of different design variables on the damping system. Dynamic characteristic testing is applied to evaluate the damping system performance by comparing damping force, damping ratio and damping time constant on various designs. Finally, this thesis proposed a novel double ring magnet arrangement and a novel Hallbach ring magnet arrangement, which improve the damping system performance by increasing the damping ratio by 2~4 times. Eddy-current rotation restriction magnet arrangement is also being introduced which has been proven to greatly improve the instability problems during the high speed operations.誌謝 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
符號表 XII
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.3 內容簡介 11
第二章 小型轉軸渦電流減振系統之工作原理與理論
2.1 渦電流介紹 12
2.2 渦電流的應用 18
2.2.1 渦電流用於能量或力量的產生與轉換 18
2.2.2 渦電流量測原理之運用 21
2.3 渦電流減振之工作原理 22
第三章 小型轉軸渦電流減振系統之設計開發
3.1 概念設計 27
3.2 實體設計 35
第四章 理論模型建構與模擬分析
4.1 理論模型建構 43
4.2 有限元素模擬分析 51
4.3 系統運動方程式 55
第五章 小型轉軸渦電流減振系統之測試與特性分析
5.1 實驗架構 59
5.2 系統測試 68
5.3 影響參數探討 76
5.3.1 導電圓盤材料的影響 76
5.3.2 導電圓盤厚度的影響 77
5.3.3 導電圓盤直徑的影響 79
5.3.4 空氣間隙的影響 81
5.3.5 相對移動速度的影響 81
5.3.6 磁石排列型式的影響 82
5.3.7 導電圓盤形狀的影響 85
5.3.8 導電圓盤旋轉速度的影響 87
第六章 結論與未來展望 93
參考文獻 95
附錄A 伺服馬達規格與特性 98
附錄B 編碼器規格與特性 99
附錄C 伺服馬達控制器規格與特性 100
附錄D 雷射位移量測器規格與特性 101
附錄E 測力規規格與特性 102
附錄F 資料擷取卡規格與特性 103
附錄G 電磁鐵規格與特性 105
附錄H Matlab程式：實驗運動曲線與指數衰減 106
附錄I Matlab程式：理論運動曲線 108
附錄J 渦電流減振系統架構設計圖 11
The Contradiction and inexpressibility in Ch'an Kung-an (Koan)
No full textThere are three types of Ch’an kung-an that often bewilder Buddhologists; namely, (1)the contradictory, (2)the inexpressible, and (3)mixture of the two. D. T. Suzuki and the scholars influenced by him, for example, E. Fromm, think that these three types of kung-an imply the truth realized by Ch’an masters, the truth which goes beyond daily language and logic. However, as the author points out, there are two traditions in Ch’an School: (1)the “Buddha-nature” tradition based on the La?k?vat?ra S?tra, and (2)the prajna tradition based on the Diamond S?tra. Suzuki and Formm’s interpretation only emphasizes the first tradition and ignores the second one. According to the second tradition, the contradiction and inexpressibility of kung-an may seem to indicate the truth of non-existence-??nyat?, not necessarily indicating the truly existing “Buddha-nature”
Revealing the Bonding Nature and Electronic Structure of Early-Transition-Metal Dihydrides
No full textMetal hydrides are potential candidates for applications in hydrogen-related technologies, such as energy storage, hydrogen compression, and hydrogen sensing, to name just a few. However, understanding the electronic structure and chemical environment of hydrogen within them remains a key challenge. This work presents a new analytical pathway to explore these aspects in technologically relevant systems using hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) on thin films of two prototypical metal dihydrides: YH2−δ and TiH2−δ. By taking advantage of the tunability of synchrotron radiation, a nondestructive depth profile of the chemical states is obtained using core-level spectra. Combining experimental valence-band (VB) spectra collected at varying photon energies with theoretical insights from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a description of the bonding nature and the role of d versus sp contributions to states near the Fermi energy are provided. Moreover, a reliable determination of the enthalpy of formation is proposed by using experimental values of the energy position of metal s-band features close to the Fermi energy in the HAXPES VB spectra
Technical Analysis of Prestress Loss in Y Bridge Girders: Post-Tensioning System : [Analisis Teknikal Kehilangan Prategang pada Girder Jembatan Y: Sistem Pascatarik]
No full textThis study analyzes the prestress loss in the girder of Bridge Y using a post-tensioning system. Prestress loss is influenced by six factors: elastic shortening of concrete, friction, anchor slip, shrinkage, creep, and tendon relaxation. For K-500 grade concrete with a curved tendon eccentricity of 4.756 degrees (0.8320 m) and a web width of 0.2000 meters, the minimum prestress loss was 21.35%. Modifying the tendon configuration to straight reduced the loss to 18.86%. K-600 grade concrete resulted in smaller losses: 20.17% for curved tendons and 17.67% for straight tendons. Similar patterns were observed with a web width of 0.3000 meters. However, although straight tendon configurations yielded lower total prestress loss, the compressive stress during force transfer exceeded the permissible stress. Therefore, the curved tendon configuration is more suitable for designing prestressed concrete bridge girders as it complies with permissible stress criteria.
Bahasa Indonesia Abstract: Penelitian ini mengkaji kehilangan gaya prategang pada Girder Y Jembatan Y yang mengalami indikasi ketidakefisienan struktur akibat besarnya kehilangan gaya prategang pada sistem pascatarik yang digunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis besarnya kehilangan prategang serta pengaruh enam faktor utama, yaitu perpendekan elastis beton, gesekan, slip angkur, susut, rangkak, dan relaksasi tendon. Analisis dilakukan secara teknikal dengan memvariasikan beberapa parameter penting, seperti konfigurasi tendon (melengkung dan lurus), mutu beton (K-500 dan K-600), serta lebar badan girder (0,2000 m dan 0,3000 m). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa total kehilangan prategang berkisar antara 21.35% hingga 17.67%, dengan konfigurasi tendon melengkung cenderung mengalami kehilangan lebih besar. Namun, meskipun konfigurasi tendon lurus menghasilkan kehilangan yang lebih rendah, tegangan tekan saat transfer gaya melampaui batas izin. Oleh karena itu, konfigurasi tendon melengkung dinilai lebih sesuai untuk desain beton prategang pada Girder Y karena memenuhi kriteria batas tegangan yang diizinkan
[[alternative]]A Comparative Study in Prajna Doctrine of Huei-yuan and Sheng-Chau
No full text[[abstract]]故從比較觀點看遠,肇般若學的意義,在於二人可為一焦點,顯示其時二系
般若教示的關係與發展脈絡,同是般若學中有異趣的關注,互為異端間現相
似走向,首章佛玄合流與六家七宗的討論,面對詮釋角度問題而開二系般若
論述比較與相對成立的可能.第二章在道安與羅什的對照中,慧遠脫胎自六
家偏遮斥型態的教示.愈趨包容而致力溝通二系般若觀的源流遂益可循;僧
肇繼羅什之後,所具隻眼的性格也在比較觀點下顯其特質,第三章由慧遠理
論的困難與羅什見地.僧肇的空見與三家般若交叉比較的探討中 ,一方面
遠.肇二人異趣之所置於發展脈絡中來對比而益明確,另一方面也觸及更深
層面的異同與發展問題.第四章討論僧肇{般若無知論}與{不真空論}之間
由(體)趨(用)的走向,頗與慧遠有同工之妙;此一走向當對照道安,慧遠間
淨土思想之異時,得到進一步肯定.於是既呼應第三章末節所擬理論根源的
發展模式,也整合出由般若觀到涅槃觀的趨勢.
Biophysical characterization of gossypium synaptotagmin-1 C2B domain
No full textSynaptotagmins constitute a family of membrane-trafficking proteins that are characterized by an N-terminal transmembrane region a variable linker, and two C-terminal C2-domains. In humans, neurotransmitter release is a process highly regulated by intracellular Ca2+ levels in association with SNARE complex assembly and SYT-1 protein. In plants SYT-1 is the first synaptotagmin protein identified to participate in Ca2+ dependent repair of membranes, thus playing an important role in stress tolerance. Our long term goal is to tune the response of Gossipium SYT-1 to abiotic stress. Understanding the quaternary structure of SYT-1 C2 in plants as well as how it interacts with its cations and phospholipid is essential to further our understanding of how it exhibits its unique properties. So far, we have been successful in;
1. Developing purification protocols for Gossipium SYT-1 C2B domain, WW and AA mutants.
2. We have circular dichroism (CD) data that shows that it predominantly contains β-sheets.
3. We have probably obtained crystals in several different conditions.
4. We have confirmed the mutants through Mass Spectrometric analysis.
5. We have shown the affinity of Gossypium SYT-1 C2B WT to cations as well as to phospholipids.
6. The effect of mutations in the Ca2+ binding loop of Gossypium SYT-1 C2B was also studied.Embargo status: Restricted until 06/2162. To request the author grant access, click on the PDF link to the left
- …
