372 research outputs found
International Standards of Quality Management and Food Safety
No full textThe article examines the essence of undertaken quality-promoting activities, based on the international
standards of quality management and food safety in a complex food chain. Moreover, it exposes the
specificity of the aforementioned international standards. The studies, which were conducted by the author,
show that in the former Middle Pomeranian province, among 141 agribusiness entities (regardless of the
size of organization and specificity of activity), there is a differentiation in the use of voluntary, international
standards aimed at guaranteeing food quality and safety in the complex food chain
Międzynarodowe standardy zarządzania jakością oraz bezpieczeństwem żywności
No full textThe article examines the essence of undertaken quality-promoting activities, based on the international
standards of quality management and food safety in a complex food chain. Moreover, it exposes the
specificity of the aforementioned international standards. The studies, which were conducted by the author,
show that in the former Middle Pomeranian province, among 141 agribusiness entities (regardless of the
size of organization and specificity of activity), there is a differentiation in the use of voluntary, international
standards aimed at guaranteeing food quality and safety in the complex food chain.Przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące istoty podejmowanych działań projakościowych opartych na
międzynarodowych standardach zarządzania jakością i bezpieczeństwem żywności w kompleksowym łańcuchu
żywnościowym. Przybliżono istotę oraz specyfikę międzynarodowych standardów. Z przeprowadzonych
autorskich badań wynika, że w byłym województwie środkowopomorskim, wśród 141 podmiotów agrobiznesu
(niezależnie od wielkości organizacji oraz specyfiki działania) występuje zróżnicowanie stosowania
dobrowolnych międzynarodowych standardów mających na celu zapewnienie gwarancji jakości oraz
bezpieczeństwa żywności w kompleksowym łańcuchu żywnościowym
Quality improvement through foresight methodology as a direction to increase the effectiveness of an organization
No full textThe aim of this study was to show that quality improvement through foresight can be an instrument for shaping efficiency in an organization. The author of this article presented his own concept of quality improvement in an organization, which can also be a method for the strategic management and development of various aspects of the organization. The universality of the concept as a tool that is supported by the foresight methodology brings tangible results, as shown through 'quality foresight' at the micro (unit) level. The case examined indicates that each organization should be analyzed individually while retaining the foresight methodology and process. The study also showed that the application of foresight determines the organizational, management and social changes that influence the innovativeness (including the diversification of technological processes and automation), production dynamics (increase by 260%), sales and quality in the organization. The presented research results indicate that 'quality foresight' can potentially become a trend that includes the main strength of quality improvement, the improvement of competitiveness, and the productivity and efficiency in organization development
How to Mitigate the Risk of Late Payments? The Case of the Largest Polish Companies Selling Electricity in 2018–2023
No full textCompanies operating in the energy market in Poland conduct business activity on the basis of special regulations applicable to this type of entity. However, they are, like any other entrepreneur, exposed to the risk of delays in payments, non-payment, restructuring, or even bankruptcy of their contractor. Appropriate instruments should be used to mitigate these risks. There are many methods available today to deal with trading risks. However, they should be tailored to the individual needs of each entrepreneur based on an in-depth analysis of its contractors. This article analyzes the five largest companies selling electricity in Poland in terms of the risk of late payments in the period 2018–2023. It turned out that in the surveyed companies in the period 2018–2013, the amount of receivables was constantly increasing, and the average recovery term was longer than the average payment term in enterprises in general. The real impact of delayed payments on the profitability of the surveyed companies was also calculated. Then, the available methods of transaction risk mitigation (tangible collateral, personal collateral, form of paying, other legal, banking and insurance instruments) were analyzed and described, and whether and to what extent they are used in the surveyed companies. The conducted research also allowed the author to conclude that, unfortunately, despite the existence of many instruments, they are not used due to the costs and formalities associated with their acquisition
A total energy trigger at large angles used in a calorimetric study of 150 GeV and 300 GeV pion and proton interactions on hydrogen
No full textInclusive and production in peripheral and collisions at 250 GeV/c
No full textAverage numbers of and produced in peripheral collisions (with the number of “grey” protons ng⩽2) of K+ with Al and of π+ with Al and Au nuclei at 250 GeV/c are measured in the EHS(NA22) experiment at the CERN SPS. No evidence is found for suppression of vector meson production relative to and collisions at the same energy
Dekohärenz in unendlichen Quantensystemen
No full textHellmich M. Decoherence in infinite quantum systems. Bielefeld (Germany): Bielefeld University; 2009.Die Quantenmechanik gilt heute als unsere grundlegendste physikalische Theorie. Als solche beschränkt sie sich nicht nur auf ihre ursprünglichen Anwendungsbereiche wie die Atomphysik, Elementarteilchenphysik und die Quantenfeldtheorie, sondern ihr Gegenstandsbereich sollte auch makroskopische Systeme einschließen, die den Gesetzen der klassischen Physik gehorchen. Hier stößt man jedoch auf ein fundamentales Problem: Wendet man die Gesetze der Quantenmechanik direkt auf die Objekte unserer Alltagswelt an, so gelangt man zu Widersprüchen. Der wahrscheinlich berühmteste ist die Schrödinger-Katze, die sich in einem nichtklassischen Zustand befindet, der eine kohärente Überlagerung des Zustandes "tot" und "lebendig" der Katze darstellt.
Die Theorie der Dekohärenz bietet eine Lösung dieser Probleme. Sie geht davon aus, dass die Quantenmechanik universell gültig ist, man jedoch zu berücksichtigen hat, dass makroskopische Systeme gewöhnlich stark mit ihrer Umgebung in Wechselwirkung stehen. Durch diese Wechselwirkung wird die Zeitentwicklung des betrachteten Systems irreversibel, und diese Irreversibilität ist in der Lage, klassische Effekte dynamisch zu erzeugen. Genauer gesprochen bewirkt die Wechselwirkung eine starke Verschränkung zwischen System und Umgebung, welche Phasenfaktoren zwischen Vektoren bestimmter Unterräume des Hilbertraumes des Systems unbeobachtbar macht und somit das Superpositionsprinzip einschränkt, welches nichtklassische Zustände wie im Beispiel der Schrödinger-Katze erlaubt.
Bisher konzentrierten sich die meisten Arbeiten zur Dekohärenz auf Systeme mit endlichdimensionalem Hilbertraum oder auf Systeme mit endlich vielen Freiheitsgraden. Die Theorie der Dekohärenz und irreversibler Zeitentwicklungen für Systeme mit unendlich vielen Freiheitsgraden ist weit weniger fortgeschritten. Es ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, einige allgemeine Resultate über Dekohärenz in Systemen mit Markoffscher Zeitentwicklung beizusteuern, die hinreichend allgemein sind, um auch für unendliche Systeme ihre Gültigkeit zu behalten. Ein zweiter Aspekt ist die mathematisch rigorose Konstruktion von irreversiblen Zeitentwicklungen auf Darstellungen der Algebra der kanonischen Vertauschungsrelationen (CCR-Algebra).Today quantum mechanics is considered as the most fundamental physical theory available. As such it is not limited to its traditional areas like atomic and elementary particle physics and quantum field theory, but its scope should also contain macroscopic systems, obeying the laws of classical physics. Here a fundamental problem arises: when the laws of quantum mechanics are directly applied to the objects of our everyday field of experience, contradictions arise. Probably the most famous example is the Schrödinger cat, which exists in a nonclassical state which is a superposition of the "dead" and "alive" state of the cat.
The program of environmental decoherence provides an answer to these problems. It contends that quantum mechanics is universally valid but that one has to take into account that macroscopic systems are usually strongly interacting with their environment. This interaction causes the time evolution of the system to become irreversible, and irreversibility is able to dynamically generate classical properties. Specifically, the interaction between system and environment leads to a strong entanglement between them which effectively renders phase relations between vectors from certain subspaces of the system's Hilbert space unobservable, thus limiting the superposition principle which is responsible for nonclassical behavior like in the Schrödinger cat example.
Up to now most studies on decoherence have been concentrating on systems describable by a finite-dimensional Hilbert space or standard quantum mechanics with finitely many degrees of freedom. The theory of irreversible dynamics and decoherence of systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom in contrast is far less advanced. It is the objective of this work to provide some general results about decoherence in systems with Markovian time evolution which are sufficiently general to cover also infinite systems. A second aspect is to construct irreversible dynamics on representations of the algebra of canonical commutation relations (CCR algebra) in a mathematically rigorous way and to study their properties
Food safety hazards – reduction or elimination methods
No full textThe aim of the quality of the consumed food is to guarantee a proper functioning of the body and its development according to gender, age, physical condition and demographic and environmental circumstances. Due to the ongoing development and the migrant flows, the rules and dietary habits have changed. The quality of production, in particular the production of raw materials, partly-finished and finished products and the marketing of foods are particularly susceptible to threats of physical, chemical and biological origin. There are constantly increasing demands placed on food manufacturers to ensure foods that are safe to the human health and life. The expectations of stakeholders are constantly rising and to meet their requirements, organisations often have to implement organisational, production, social and environmental changes as part of the process management aimed at improving/increasing quality. The objective of this study is to present activities in the field of food safety. A particular attention was paid to the quality management systems and to institutions supervising food security. The study attempted to present the frequent food safety hazards and their solutions in the food chain
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